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For reviews of key references, see: (a) Rebek, J., Jr. Heterocycles 1981, 15, 517. (b) Mimoun, H. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1982, 21, 734.
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Frisch, M. J.; Trucks, G. W.; Head-Gordon, M.; Gill, P. M. W.; Wong, M. W.; Foresman, J. B.; Johnson, B. G., Schlegel, H. B.; Robb, M. A.; Replogle, E. S.; Gomperts, R.; Andres, J. L.; Raghavachari, K.; Binkley, J. S.; Gonzalez, C.; Martin, R. L.; Fox, D. J.; DeFrees, D. J.; Baker, J.; Stewart, J. J P.; Pople, J. A. Gaussian 92, Revision C; Gaussian Inc.: Pittsburgh, PA, 1992.
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more..
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13
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85033858382
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note
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6 distance (see Figure 4), 0.001 Å. By this 0.001 Å increment partial optimization and subsequent transition-state search, we succeeded in determining the geometry of TS2. In general, when a reaction is heavily exothermic, its saddle point should be searched for by quite a small displacement of the reactant geometry.
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14
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85033868150
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note
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2(D) is shown in Figure 3.
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17
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85033834669
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note
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There are no transition states between reactants and A and between C and products. Geometries of two intermediates A and C were obtained starting from those of the reactants and products, respectively, without any energy barriers.
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18
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note
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2 indicates that the concentration of the intermediate C is nearly equal to that of products under room temperature (T=298 K). However, the step B → C is significantly exothermic,and the temperature is largely raised. Thus, the equilibrium is shifted to the product side, and the intermediate C is practically undetectable.
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19
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0000458209
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Hoveyda, A. H.; Evans, D. A.; Fu, G. C. Chem. Rev. 1993, 93, 1307.
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Hoveyda, A.H.1
Evans, D.A.2
Fu, G.C.3
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