Accurate measurements of the zero-dispersion wavelength in optical fibers

Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology

Volumn 102, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 333-347

  Mechels, S E ^a,b   Schlager, J B ^a,b,c   Franzen, D L ^a,b  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b Optoelectronics Division   (United States)

^c NTT CORPORATION   (Japan)

Author keywords

Chromatic dispersion; Dispersion slope; Nonlinear four wave mixing; Optical fiber; Optical fiber bandwidth; Polarization mode dispersion; Standard reference material; Telecommunication systems; Zero dispersion wavelength

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001462342     PISSN: 1044677X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.6028/jres.102.023     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. S. Mechels and D. Franzen, Accurate measurements of zero-dispersion wavelength in single-mode fibers, paper IV.2. in Optical Fiber Measurement Conf., Liège, Belgium (1995).
2. J. Schlager, S. Mechels, and D. Franzen, Precise laser-based measurements of zero-chromatic-dispersion wavelength in single-mode fibers, Proc. of the Optical Fiber Conf., San Jose, CA (1996) pp. 293-294.
3. J. Schlager, S. Mechels, and D. Franzen, Zero-dispersion wavelength uniformity and four-wave mixing in optical fiber, Conf. Proc. Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, Boston, MA (1996) pp. 66-67.
4. H. Taga, S. Yamamoto, N. Edagawa, Y. Yoshida, S. Akiba, and H. Wakabayashi, The experimental study of the effect of fiber chromatic dispersion upon IM-DD ultra-long distance optical communication systems with Er-doped fiber amplifiers using a 1000 km fiber loop, J. Lightwave Technol. 12, 1455-1461 (1994).
5. D. Marcuse, Single-channel operation in very long nonlinear fiber with optical amplifiers at zero dispersion, J. Lightwave Technol. 9, 356-361 (1991).
6. T. Drapela, D. Franzen, and M. Young, Single-mode fiber geometry and chromatic dispersion: Results of interlaboratory comparisons, Technical Digest-Symposium on optical fiber measurements, 1992, G.W. Day and D.L. Franzen, eds., Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Spec. Publ. 839, (1992) pp. 187-190.
7. B. Costa, D. Mazzoni, M. Puleo, and E. Vezzoni, Phase shift technique for the measurement of chromatic dispersion in optical fibers using LED's, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 18, 1509-1515 (1982).
8. F. Mengel and N. Gade, Monomode fiber dispersion measurement with a tunable 1.3 μm external cavity laser, Proc. of the European Conf. on Optical Commun., Stuttgart, Germany (1994), pp. 126-127.
9. Y. Horiuchi, Y. Namihira, and H. Wakabayashi, Chromatic dispersion measurement in 1.55 μm narrow-band region using a tunable external-cavity laser, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 1, 458-460 (1989).
10. Fiber Optic Test Procedures (FOTPs) can be obtained from: Telecommunications Industry Association, 2001 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006.
11. F. Kapron and T. Olson, Accurate specification of single-mode dispersion measurements, Technical Digest-Symposium on optical fiber measurements, 1984, G. W. Day and D. L. Franzen, eds., Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) Spec. Publ. 683 (1984) pp. 111-114.
12. W. Reed and D. Philen, Study of algorithms used to fit group delay data for single-mode optical fibers, Technical Digest-Symposium on optical fiber measurements, 1986, G. W. Day and D. L. Franzen, eds., Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) Spec. Publ. 720 (1986) pp. 7-10.
13. D. Jennings, F. Petersen, and K. Evenson, Frequency measurement of the 260-THz (1.15 νm) He-Ne laser, Opt. Lett. 4, 129-130 (1979).
14. D. Marcuse, Pulse distortion in single-mode fibers. 3: Chirped pulses, Appl. Opt. 20, 3573-3579 (1981).
15. G. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics, Academic, San Diego, 1989.
16. R. Linke, Modulation induced transient chirping in single frequency lasers, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 21, 593-597 (1985).
17. F. Koyama and K. Iga, Frequency chirping in external modulators, J. Lightwave Technol. 6, 87-92 (1988).
18. ISO Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement, International Organization for Standardization, 1, rue de Varembé, CH-1211 Genéve 20, Switzerland, (1993), and B. Taylor and C. Kuyatt, Guidelines for Evaluating and Expressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement Results, Technical Note 1297, 1994 Edition, Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. (1994).
19. ISO Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement, International Organization for Standardization, 1, rue de Varembé, CH-1211 Genéve 20, Switzerland, (1993), and B. Taylor and C. Kuyatt, Guidelines for Evaluating and Expressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement Results, Technical Note 1297, 1994 Edition, Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. (1994).
20. P. John, Statistical Methods in Engineering and Quality Assurance, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York (1990).
21. J. Saito, T. Oki, and H. Yamamoto, Wavelength dispersion measuring equipment, Technical Digest-Symposium on optical fiber measurements, 1982, G. W. Day and D. L. Franzen, eds., Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) Spec. Publ. 641 (1982), pp. 29-32.
22. A. Barlow and I. Mackenzie, Direct measurement of chromatic dispersion by the differential phase technique, paper TuQ 1 in Proc. of the Optical Fiber Conf., Reno, NV (1987).
23. K. Hill, D. Johnson, B. Kawasaki, and R. MacDonald, CW three-wave mixing in single-mode optical fibers, J. Appl. Phys. 49, 5098-5106 (1978).
24. G. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics, Academic, San Diego, 1989.
25. K. Inoue and H. Toba, Wavelength conversion experiment using fiber four-wave mixing, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 4, 69-72 (1992).
26. K. Inoue, Four-wave mixing in an optical fiber in the zero-dispersion wavelength region, J. Lightwave Technol. 10, 1553-1560 (1992).
27. H. Onaka, K. Otsuka, H. Miyata, and T. Chikama, Measuring the longitudinal distribution of four-wave mixing efficiency in dispersion-shifted fibers, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 6, 1454-1456 (1994).
28. Y. Suetsugu, T. Kato, and M. Nishimura, Measurement of zero-dispersion wavelength variation in concatenated dispersion-shifted fiber by improved four-wave-mixing technique, paper IV. 1 in Optical Fiber Measurement Conf., Liège, Belgium (1995).
29. W. Hatton and M. Nishimura, Temperature dependence of chromatic dispersion in single-mode fibers, J. Lightwave Technol. 4, 1552-1555 (1986).
30. J. Kilmer, W. Anderson and A. Johnson, Chromatic dispersion temperature dependence of matched-clad, depressed-clad, and dispersion-shifted single-mode fibers, Proc. Soc. Photo-Optical Instrum. Engrs. 841 (1987) pp. 274-278.
31. A. Hartog, A. Conduit, and D. Payne, Variation of pulse delay with stress and temperature in jacketed and unjacketed optical fibres, Optical Quantum Electronics 11, 265-273 (1979).
32. K. Byron, M. Bedgood, A. Finney, C. McGauran, S. Savory, and I. Watson, Shifts in zero dispersion wavelength due to pressure, temperature and strain in dispersion shifted single-mode fibres, Electron. Lett. 28, 1712-1714 (1992).
33. S. Rashleigh and R. Ulrich, Polarization mode dispersion in single-mode fibers, Optics Lett. 3, 60-62 (1978).
34. C. Poole and R. Wagner, Phenomenological approach to polarization dispersion in long single-mode fibers, Electron. Lett. 22, 1029-1030 (1986).
35. C. Poole, Measurement of polarization-mode dispersion in single-mode fibers with random mode coupling, Optics Lett. 14, 523-525 (1989).
36. B. Heffner, Automated measurement of polarization mode dispersion using Jones matrix eigenanalysis, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 4, 1066-1069 (1992).
37. C. Poole and C. Giles, Polarization-dependent pulse compression and broadening due to polarization dispersion in dispersion-shifted fiber, Optics Lett. 13, 155-157 (1988).
38. B. Heffner, Accurate, automated measurement of differential group delay dispersion and principle state variation using Jones matrix eigenanalysis, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 5, 814-819 (1993).
39. P. Ciprut and N. Gisin, Second order polarization mode dispersion, paper II.1 in Optical Fiber Measurement Conf., Liège, Belgium (1995).
40. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Material Program, Room B311, Chemistry Building, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899; (301) 975-6776.