Synoptic-scale mass exchange from the troposphere to the stratosphere

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 102, Issue 19, 1997, Pages 23467-23485

  Rood, Richard B ^a   Douglass, Anne R ^a   Cerniglia, Mark C ^a,b   Read, William G ^c  

^a NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^b SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION   (United States)

^c CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001456646     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/97jd01598     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Allen, D. J., R. B. Rood, A. M. Thompson, and R. D. Hudson, Three-dimensional radon 222 calculations using assimilated meteorological data and a convective mixing algorithm, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 6871-6881, 1996.
2. Ancellet, G. M., M. Beekmann, and A. Papayannis, Impact of a cutoff low development on downward transport of ozone in the troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 3451-3468, 1994.
3. Andrews, D. G., J. R. Holton, and C. B. Leovy, Middle Atmosphere Dynamics, 489 pp., Academic, San Diego, Calif., 1987.
4. Appenzeller, C., H. C. Davies, and W. A. Norton, Fragmentation of stratospheric intrusions, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1435-1456, 1996.
5. Bamber, D. J., P. G. W. Healey, B. M. R. Jones, S. A. Penkett, A. F. Tuck, and G. Vaughan, Vertical profiles of tropospheric gases: Chemical consequences of stratospheric intrusions, Atmos. Environ., 18, 1759-1766, 1984.
6. Barath, F. T., et al., The Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite Microwave Limb Sounder instrument, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 10,751-10,762, 1993.
7. Cariolle, D., A. Lasserre-Bigorry, J.-F. Royer, and J.-F. Geleyn, A general circulation model simulation of the springtime Antarctic ozone decrease and its impact on midlatitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 1883-1898, 1990.
8. Cerniglia, M. C., R. B. Rood, and A. R. Douglass, Three-dimensional simulation of the influence of a cutoff low on the distribution of northern hemisphere processed air in late January 1992, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 16,431-16,443, 1995.
9. Chang, C. B., D. J. Perkey, and C. W. Kreitzberg, A numerical case study of the effects of latent heating on a developing wave cyclone, J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 1555-1570, 1982.
10. Chen, P., Isentropic cross-tropopause mass exchange in the extratropics, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 16,661-16,673, 1995.
11. Cox, B. D., M. Bithell, and L. J. Gray, A general circulation model study of a tropopause-folding event at middle latitudes, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 121, 883-910, 1995.
12. Craig, R. A., The observations and photochemistry of atmospheric ozone and their meteorological significance, Meteorol. Monogr., 1, 1-50, 1950.
13. Danielsen, E. F., Stratospheric-tropospheric exchange based on radioactivity, ozone and potential vorticity, J. Atmos. Sci., 25, 502-518, 1968.
14. Dessler, A. E., E. J. Hintsa, E. M. Weinstock, J. G. Anderson, and K. R. Chan, Mechanisms controlling water vapor in the lower stratosphere: "A tale of two stratospheres," J. Geophys. Res., 100, 23,167-23,172, 1995.
15. Douglass, A. R., C. J. Weaver, R. B. Rood, and L. Coy, A three-dimensional simulation of the ozone annual cycle using winds from a data assimilation system, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1463-1474, 1996.
16. Ebel, A., H. Hass, H. J. Jakobs, M. Laube, M. Memmesheimer, A. Oberreuter, H. Geiss, and Y.-H. Kuo, Simulation of ozone intrusion caused by a tropopause fold and cut-off low, Atmos. Environ., 25, Part A, 2131-2144, 1991.
17. Folkins, I., and C. Appenzeller, Ozone and potential vorticity at the subtropical tropopause break, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 18,787-18,792, 1996.
18. Froidevaux, L., et al., Validations of UARS Microwave Limb Sounder ozone measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 10,017-10,060, 1996.
19. Grewe, V., and M. Dameris, Calculating the global mass exchange between stratosphere and troposphere, Ann. Geophysicae, 14, 431-442, 1996.
20. Herman, J. R., R. Hudson, R. McPeters, R. Stolarski, Z. Ahmad, X.-Y. Gu, S. Taylor, and C. Wellemeyer, New self-calibration model applied to TOMS and SBUV backscattered ultraviolet data to determine long-term global ozone change, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 7531-7545, 1991.
21. Hoerling, M. P., T. K. Schaak, and A. J. Lenzen, A global analysis of stratospheric-tropospheric exchange during northern winter, Mon. Weather Rev., 121, 162-172, 1993.
22. Holton, J. R., An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology, 3rd ed., 511 pp., Academic, San Diego, Calif., 1992.
23. Holton, J. R., P. H. Haynes, M. E. McIntyre, A. R. Douglass, R. B. Rood, and L. Pfister, Stratosphere-troposphere exchange, Rev. Geophys., 33, 403-439, 1995.
24. Hoskins, B. J., M. E. McIntyre, and A. W. Robertson, On the use and significance of isentropic potential-vorticity maps, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 111, 964-975, 1985.
25. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Climate Change, Radiative Forcing of Climate Change, and an Evaluation of the IPCC IS92 Emission Scenarios, edited by J. T. Houghton, et al., Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1995.
26. Kocin, P. J., P. N. Schumacher, R. F. Morales Jr., and L. W. Uccelini, Overview of the 12-14 March 1993 superstorm, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 76, 165-182, 1995.
27. Lait, L. R., An alternative form for potential vorticity, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 1754-1759, 1994.
28. Lamarque, J. F., and P. G. Hess, Cross-tropopause mass exchange and potential vorticity budget in a simulated tropopause folding, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2246-2269, 1994.
29. Lary, D. J., M. P. Chipperfield, J. A. Pyle, W. A. Norton, and L. P. Riishojgaard, Three dimensional tracer initialisation and general diagnostics using equivalent PV latitude - potential temperature coordinates, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 121, 187-210, 1995.
30. Lin, S. J., and R. B. Rood, Multidimensional flux-form semi-Lagrangian transport schemes, Mon. Weather Rev., 124, 2046-2070, 1996.
31. McKenna, D. S., R. L. Jones, J. Austin, E. V. Browell, M. P. McCormick, A. J. Krueger, and A. F. Tuck, Diagnostic studies of the Antarctic vortex during the winter 1987 Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment: Ozone miniholes, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 11,641-11,668, 1989.
32. Molod, A., H. M. Helfand, and L. L. Takacs, The climatology of parameterized physical processes in the GEOS-1 GCM and their impact on the GEOS-1 data assimilation system, J. Clim., 9, 764-785, 1996.
33. Plumb, R. A., D. W. Waugh, R. J. Atkinson, P. A. Newman, L. R. Lait, M. R. Schoeberl, E. V. Browell, A. J. Simmons, M. Loewenstein, and D. W. Toohey, Intrusions into the lower stratospheric Arctic vortex during the winter of 1991-1992, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 1089-1105, 1994.
34. Poulida, O., R. R. Dickerson, and A. Heymsfield, Stratosphere-troposphere exchange in a midlatitude mesoscale convective complex, 1, Observations, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 6823-6836, 1996.
35. Price, J. D., Stratospheric-tropospheric exchange in cut-off low systems, Ph.D. thesis, Univ. Coll. of Wales, Aberystwyth, 1990.
36. Price, J., and G. Vaughan, The potential for stratosphere-troposphere exchange in cut-off-low systems, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 119, 343-365, 1993.
37. Read, W. G., J. W. Waters, D. A. Flower, L. Froidevaux, R. F. Jarnot, D. L. Hartmann, R. S. Harwood, and R. B. Rood, Upper-tropospheric water vapor from UARS MLS, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 76, 2381-2389, 1995.
38. Reber, C. A., C. E. Trevathan, R. J. McNeal, and M. R. Luther, The upper atmosphere research satellite (UARS) mission, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 10,643-10,647, 1993.
39. Roebber, P. J., Statistical analysis and updated climatology of explosive cyclones, Mon. Weather Rev., 112, 1577-1589, 1984.
40. Rood, R. B., J. E. Nielsen, R. S. Stolarski, A. R. Douglass, J. A. Kaye, and D. J. Allen, Episodic total ozone minima and associated effects on heterogeneous chemistry and lower stratospheric transport, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 7979-7996, 1992a.
41. Rood, R. B., A. R. Douglass, and C. J. Weaver, Tracer exchange between tropics and middle latitudes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 805-808, 1992b.
42. Sanders, F., and J. R. Gyakum, Synoptic-dynamic climatology of the "bomb," Mon. Weather Rev., 108, 1589-1606, 1980.
43. Schoeberl, M. R., and L. C. Sparling, Trajectory modelling, in Diagnostic Tools in Atmospheric Physics, Proceedings of the International School of Physics, edited by G. Fiocco and G. Visconti, IOS Press, Amsterdam, 1995.
44. Schubert, S. D., R. B. Rood, and J. Pfaendtner, An assimilated dataset for Earth science applications, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 74, 2331-2342, 1993.
45. Schubert, S. D., C.-K. Park, C.-Y. Wu, W. Higgins, Y. Kondratyeva, A. Molod, L. Takacs, M. Seablom, and R. B. Rood, A multi-year assimilation with the GEOS-1 system: Overview and results, NASA Tech. Memo., 104606, 6, 1995.
46. Shapiro, M. A., Turbulent mixing within tropopause folds as a mechanism for the exchange of chemical constituents between the stratosphere and the troposphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 994-1004, 1980.
47. Shapiro, M. A., E. R. Reiter, R. D. Cadle, and M. A. Sedlacek, Vertical mass and trace constituent transports in the vicinity of jet streams, Arch. Meteorol. Geophys. Bioklimatol., 28, Ser. B, 193-206, 1980.
48. Smith, R. B., Deuterium in North Atlantic storm tops, J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 2041-2057, 1992.
49. Stenchikov, G., R. Dickerson, K. Pickering, W. Ellis Jr., B. Doddridge, S. Kondragunta, O. Poulida, J. Scala, and W.-K. Tao, Stratosphere-troposphere exchange in a midlatitude mesoscale convective complex, 2, Numerical simulations, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 6837-6851, 1996.
50. Stolarski, R. S., et al., Scientific assessment of the atmospheric effects of stratospheric aircraft, NASA Ref. Publ., 1381, 1995.
51. Thorncroft, C. D., B. J. Hoskins, and M. E. McIntyre, Two paradigms of baroclinic-wave life-cycle behavior, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 119, 17-55, 1993.
52. Uccellini, L. W., Process contributing to the rapid development of extratropical cyclones, in Extratropical Cyclones: The Eric Palmen Memorial Volume, edited by C. Newton and E. Holopainen, pp. 81-107, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, Mass., 1991.
53. Vaughan, G., and J. D. Price, Ozone transport into the troposphere in a cut-off low event, in Ozone in the Atmosphere, edited by R. D. Bojkov and P. Fabian, pp. 415-418, A. Deepak, Hampton, Va., 1989.
54. Waugh, D. W., R. A. Plumb, R. J. Atkinson, M. R. Schoeberl, L. R. Lait, P. A. Newman, M. Loewenstein, D. W. Toohey, and C. R. Webster, Transport of material out of the stratospheric Arctic vortex by Rossby wave breaking, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 1071-1088, 1994.
55. Yang, H., and R. T. Pierrehumbert, Production of dry air by isentropic mixing, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 3437-3454, 1994.