Efficient dye-sensitized charge separation in a wide-band-gap p-n heterojunction

Journal of Applied Physics

Volumn 80, Issue 8, 1996, Pages 4749-4754

  O'Regan, Brian ^a   Schwartz, Daniel T ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b University of Washington   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001426085     PISSN: 00218979     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1063/1.363412     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. B. H. Carroll, Introduction to Photographic Theory (Wiley, New York, 1980).
2. B. O'Regan and M. Grätzel, Nature 353, 737 (1991).
3. M. K. Nazeeruddin, A. Kay, I. Rodicio, R. Humphry-Baker, E. Muller, P. Liska, N. Vlachopoulos, and M. Grätzel, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 6382 (1993).
4. A. Hagfeldt, S. Lindquist, and M. Grätzel, Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells 32, 245 (1994).
5. D. Liu and P. V. Kamat, J. Electrochem. Soc. 142, 835 (1995).
6. T. A. Heimer, C. A. Bignozzi, and G. J. Meyer, J. Phys. Chem. 97, 11987 (1993).
7. B. A. Parkinson and M. T. Spitler, Electrochimica Acta 37, 943 (1992).
8. R. W. Berriman and P. B. Gilman, Photog. Sci. Eng. 17, 235 (1973).
9. K. Law, Chem. Rev. 93, 449 (1993).
10. R. H. Bube, Solar Cells 23, 59 (1988).
11. J. Faist, F. Capasso, D. L. Sivco, C. Sirtori, A. L. Hutchinson, and A. Y. Cho, Science 264, 553 (1995).
12. K. Tennakone, F. R. Kumara, A. R. Kumarasinghe, K. F. U. Wijayantha, and P. M. Sirimanne, Semicond. Sci. Technol. 10, 1689 (1996).
13. J. J. M. Halls, C. A. Walsh, N. C. Greenham, E. A. Marseglia, R. H. Friend, S. C. Moratti, and A. B. Holmes, Nature 376, 498 (1995).
14. G. Yu and A. J. Heeger, J. Appl. Phys. 78, 4510 (1995).
15. H. Gerischer and F. Willig, Top. Current Chem. 61, 31 (1976).
16. H. Gerischer, Z. Phys. Chem. 27, 48 (1961).
17. J. M. Lanzafame, R. J. D. Miller, A. A. Muenter, and B. A. Parkinson, J. Phys. Chem. 96, 2820 (1992).
18. O. Enea, J. Moser, and M. Grätzel, J. Electroanal. Chem. 259, 59 (1989).
19. N. Vlachopoulos, P. Liska, J. Augustynski, and M. Grätzel, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 110, 1216 (1988).
20. B. O'Regan and D. T. Schwartz, Chem. Mater. 7, 1349 (1995).
21. F. J. Kampas, K. Yamashita, and J. Fager, Nature 284, 40 (1980).
22. Y. Son, N. R. de Tacconi, and K. Rajeshwar, J. Electroanal. Chem. 345, 135 (1993).
23. C. A. Melendres, T. J. O'Leary, and J. Solis, Electrochimica Acta 36, 505 (1991).
24. C. A. N. Fernando, A. Kitagawa, M. Suzuki, K. Takahashi, and T. Komura, Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells 33, 301 (1994).
25. K. Tennakone, M. Kahanda, C. Kasige, P. Abeysooriya, R. H. Wijayanayaka, and P. Kaviratna, J. Electrochem. Soc. 131, 1574 (1984).
26. K. Tennakone, A. R. Kumarasinghe, P. M. Sirimanne, and G. R. R. A. Kumara, Thin Solid Films 261, 307 (1995).
27. B. O'Regan and D. T. Schwartz, in Symposium on Nanostructured Materials in Electrochemistry, edited by G. J. Meyer and P. C. Searson (Electrochemical Society, Pennington, NJ, 1995), p. 208.
28. M. A. Rashti and D. E. Brodie, Thin Solid Films 240, 163 (1994).
29. W. W. Xu, R. Kershaw, K. Dwight, and A. Wold, Mater. Res. Bull. 25, 1385 (1990).
30. H. Gerischer, Faraday Disc. 58, 219 (1974).
31. E. Vuorimaa, M. Ikonen, and H. Lemmetyinen, Chem. Phys. 188, 289 (1994).
32. M. Wittmann and A. Penzkofer, Chem. Phys. 172, 339 (1993).
33. -1) are too low to allow easy measurement of the small currents arising from a single monolayer of dye. Although they are less stable, we have used high absorption coefficient (>100 000) organic dyes in this stage of testing prototype DSHs.
34. P. Péchy, R. P. Rotzinger, M. K. Nazeeruddin, O. Kohle, S. M. Zakeeruddin, R. Humphry-Baker, and M. Grätzel, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1995, 65 (1995).
35. A. Kay and M. Grätzel, J. Phys. Chem. 97, 6272 (1993).
36. 2 without APCE measurement. [B. A. Parkinson, Langmuir 4, 967 (1988)].
37. R. Eichberger and F. Willig, Chem. Phys. 141, 159 (1990).
38. T. Sakata, K. Hashimoto, and M. Hiramoto, J. Phys. Chem. 94, 3040 (1990).
39. K. Kemnitz, N. Nakashima, K. Yoshihara, and M. H., J. Phys. Chem. 93, 6704 (1989).
40. M. T. Spitler, J. Phys. Chem. 90, 2156 (1986).
41. G. Biesmans, M. Van der Auweraer, C. Cathry, D. Meerschaut, F. C. DeSchryver, W. Storck, and F. Willig, J. Phys. Chem. 95, 3771 (1991).
42. A. Frippiat and A. Kirsch-DeMesmaeker, J. Electrochem. Soc. 134, 66 (1987).
43. R. Memming, Photochem. Photobio. 16, 325 (1972).
44. The exception would seem to be: J. Hickman, S. Wessel, A. Mackintosh, and K. Colbow, Semicond. Sci. Technol. 2, 207 (1987).