Multivariate response patterning of fear and anger

Cognition and Emotion

Volumn 10, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 173-198

  Sinha, Rajita ^a,b   Parsons, Oscar A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER   (United States)

^b YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001417432     PISSN: 02699931     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/026999396380321     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Ax, A. (1953). The physiological differentiation between fear and anger in humans. Psychosomatic Medicine, 15, 433-442.
2. Baccelli, G., Ellison, G.D., Mancia, G., & Zanchetti, A. (1971). Opposite responses of muscle circulation to different emotional stimuli. Experientia, 27, 1183-1184.
3. Beck, A.T. (1967). Depression: Clinical, experimental and theoretical aspects. New York: Harper & Row.
4. Bower, G.H. (1981). Mood and memory. American Pyschologist, 36, 129-148.
5. Buck, R. (1986). The psychology of emotion. In J. LeDoux & W. Hirst (Eds.), Mind and brain: Dialogues in cognitive neuroscience (pp. 275-300). Cambridge University Press.
6. Cacioppo, J.T., Tassinary, L.G., & Fridlund, A.J. (1990). The skeletomotor system. In J.T. Cacioppo & L.G. Tassinary (Eds.), Principles of psychopkysiology: Physical, social and inferential elements (pp. 325-384). New York: Cambridge University Press.
7. Cannon, W.B. (1929). Bodily changes in pain, hunger, fear, and rage (2nd ed.). New York: Appleton.
8. Davidson, R.J. (1992). Emotion and affective style: Hemispheric substrates. Psychological Science, 3, 39-43.
9. Dixon, W.J. (1983). BMD Statistical Software (Revised). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
10. Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. (1975). Unmasking the face. Englewood Cliffs, NY: Prentice Hall.
11. Ekman, P., Friesen, W.V., & Ellsworth, P.C. (1972). Emotion in the human face (1st ed.). New York: Pergamon.
12. Ekman, P., Friesen, W.V., & Ellsworth, P. (1982). What emotion categories or dimensions can observers judge from facial behavior? In P. Ekman (Ed.), Emotion in the human face (2nd ed., pp. 39-55), New York: Cambridge University Press.
13. Ekman, P., Levinson, R.W., & Friesen, W.V. (1983). Autonomie nervous system activity distinguishes among emotions. Science, 221, 1208-1210.
14. Fridlund, A.J. (1979). Contour-following integrator for dynamic tracking of eletromyographic data. Psychophysiology, 16, 491-493.
15. Fridlund, A.J., Ekman, P., & Oster, H. (1987). Facial expression of emotion: Review of the literature, 1970-1983. In A.W. Siegman & S. Feldstein (Eds.). Nonverbal behaviour and communication (2nd ed., pp. 143-224.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
16. Fridlund, A.J., Schwartz, G.E., & Fowler, S.C. (1984). Pattern recognition of self-reported emotional states from multiple-site facial EMG activity during affective imagery. Psychophysiology. 21, 622-627.
17. Funkenstein, D.H. (1955). The physiology of fear and anger. Scientific American, 192, 74-80.
18. Greenhouse, S.W., & Geisser, S. (1959). On methods in the analysis of profile data. Psychometrika, 24, 95-112.
19. Hathaway, S.R., & McKinley, J.C. (1983). The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). New York: Psychological Corporation.
20. Hess, U., Kappas, A., McHugo, G.J., Lanzetta, J.T., & Kleck, R.E. (1992). The facilitative effect of facial expression on the self-generation of emotion. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 12, 251-265.
21. Izard, C.E. (1972). Patterns of emotions: A new analysis of anxiety and depression. New York: Academic Press.
22. James, G.D., Yee, L.S., Harshfield, G.A., Blank, S.G., & Pickering, T.G. (1986). The influence of happiness, anger and anxiety on the blood pressure of borderline hypertensives. Psychosomatic Medicine, 48, 502-508.
23. James, W. (1984). What is an emotion? Mind, 9, 188-205.
24. Lang, P.J. (1979). A bio-informational theory of emotional imagery. Psychopkysiology, 16, 495-512.
25. Lang, P.J. (1984). Dead souls: Or why the neurobehavioral science of emotion should pay attention to cognitive science. In E.B. Rockstroh, W. Lutzenberger & N. Birbaumer (Eds.), Self-regulation of the brain and behavior (pp. 255-272). New York: Springer.
26. Lang, P.J., Cuthbert, B.N., & Bradley, M.M. (1992). Motivational analysis of emotions: Reflex-Cortex connections. Psychological Science, 3, 44-49.
27. Lang, P.J., Kozak, M.J., Miller, G.A., Levin, D.N., & Mclean, A. (1980). Emotional imagery: Conceptual structure and pattern of somato-visceral response. Psychophysiology, 17, 179-192.
28. Lang, P.J., Levin, D.N., Miller, G.A., & Kozak, M.J. (1983). Fear behavior, fear imagery, and the psychophysiology of emotion: The problem of affective response integration. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 92, 276-306.
29. Lang, P.J., Melamed, B.G., & Hart, J. (1970). A psychophysiological analysis of fear modification using an automated desensitization procedure. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 76, 220-234.
30. Levenson, R,W. (1992). Autonomie nervous system differences among emotions. Psychological Science, 3, 23-27.
31. Leventhal, H. (1980). Toward a comprehensive theory of emotion. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental and social psychology (pp. 139-207). New York: Academic Press.
32. Levin, D.N. (1982). The psychophysiology of fear reduction: Role of response activation during emotional imagery. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of WisconsinMadison.
33. Mandler, G. (1975). Mind and emotion. New York: Wiley.
34. Martin, B. (1961). The assessment of anxiety by physiological and behavioral measures. Psychological Bulletin, 58, 234-255.
35. Miller, G.A., Levin, D.N., Kozak, M.J., Cook, E.W., McLean, A., & Lang, P.J. (1987). Individual differences in imagery and the psychophysiology of emotion. Cognition and Emotion, 1, 367-390.
36. Roberts, R.J., & Weerts, T.C. (1982). Cardiovascular responding during anger and fear imagery. Psychological Reports, 50, 219-230.
37. Schachter, J. (1957). Pain, fear, and anger in hypertensives and normotensives: A psychophysiologic study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 19, 17-29.
38. Schachter, S. (1964). The interaction of cognitive and physiological determinants of emotional states. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in social and experimental psychology (Vol.1, pp. 49-80). New York: Academic Press.
39. Schwartz, G.E. (1986). Emotion and psychophysiological organization: A systems approach. In M.G.H. Coles, E. Donchin & S.W. Porges (Eds.), Psychophysiology: Systems, processes, and applications (pp. 354-377). New York: Guilford Press.
40. Schwartz, G.E., & Weinberger, D.A. (1980). Patterns of emotional responses to affective situations: Relations among happiness, sadness, anger, fear, depression and anxiety. Motivation and Emotion, 4, 175-191.
41. Schwartz, G.E., Weinberger, D.A., & Singer, J.A. (1981). Cardiovascular differentiation of happiness, sadness, anger, and fear following imagery and exercise. Psychosomatic Medicine, 43, 343-364.
42. Sheehan, P.W. (1967). A shortened version of the Bett's questionnaire upon mental imagery. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 23, 386-389.
43. Sinha, R., Lovallo, W.R., &. Parsons, O.A. (1992). Cardiovascular differentiation of emotions. Psychosomatic Medicine, 54, 422-435.
44. Sinha, R., & Parsons, O.A. (in prep.). Differential response patterning of joy and sadness.
45. Smith, C., McHugo, G., & Lanzetta, J. (1986). The facial muscle patterning of posed and imagery-induced expressions of emotion by expressive and non-expressive posers. Motivation and Emotion, 10, 133-157.
46. Smith, C.A., & Ellsworth, P.C. (1985). Patterns of cognitive appraisal in emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 813-838.
47. Spielberger, C.D., Gorsrech, R.L., & Lushene, R.E. (1970). Test Manual for the State: Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
48. Stemmler, G. (1988). Effects of profile elevation, scatter, and shape on discriminant analysis results. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 48, 853-871.
49. Stemmler, G. (1989). The autonomie differentiation of emotions revisited: Convergent and discriminant validation. Psychophysiology, 26, 617-632.
50. Stemmler, G. (1992). The vagueness of specificity: Models of peripheral physiological emotion specificity in emotion theories and their experimental discriminability. Journal of Psychophysiology, 6, 17-28.
51. Taylor, G.J., Ryan, D., & Bagby, R.M. (1985). Toward the development of a new selfreport alexithymia scale. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 44, 191-199.
52. Taylor, G.J., Bagby, M.R., Ryan, D.P., Parker, J.D.A., Doody, K.F., & Keefe, P. (1988). Criterion validity of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Psychosomatic Medicine, 50, 500-509.
53. Vasey, M.W., & Thayer, J.F. (1987). The continuing problem of false positives in repeated measures ANOVA in psychophsiology: A multivariate solution. Psychophysiology, 24, 479-486.
54. Zajonc, R.B., & McIntosh, D.N. (1992). Some promising questions and some questionable promises. Psychological Science, 3, 70-74.