The ontogeny of resource allocation in giant transgenic rat growth hormone mice

Canadian Journal of Zoology

Volumn 74, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 492-507

  Kajiura, Lovaye J ^a   Rollo, C David ^a  

^a MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001414436     PISSN: 00084301     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/z96-058     Document Type: Article

References (110)

1. Andersson, L., Haley, C.S., Ellegren, H., Knott, S.A., Johansson, M., Andersson, K., Andersson-Eklund, L., Edfors-Lilja, I., Fredholm, M., Hansson, I., Hakansson, J., and Lundstrom, K. 1994. Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci for growth and fatness in pigs. Science (Washington, D.C.), 263: 1771-1774.
2. Barnard, C.J., Brown, C.A.J., and Gray-Wallis, J. 1983. Time and energy budgets and competition in the common shrew (Sorex araneus L.). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 13: 13-18.
3. Bartke, A., Steger, R.W., Hodges, S.L., Parkening, T.A., Collins, T.J., Yun, J.S., and Wagner, T.E. 1988. Infertility in transgenic female mice with human growth hormone expression: evidence of luteal failure. J. Exp. Zool. 248: 121-124.
4. Bartke, A., Shire, G.M., Chandrashekar, V., Steger, R.W., Mayerhofer, A., Amador, A.G., Bain, P., Tang, K., Yun, J.S., and Wagner, T.E. 1991. Effects of human growth hormone on reproductive and neuroendocrine functions in transgenic mice. In Transgenic animals. Edited by N.L. First and F.P. Haseltine. Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, pp. 237-248.
5. Bernardis, L.L., and Tannenbaum, G.S. 1987. Failure to demonstrate disruption of ultradian growth hormone rhythm and insulin secretion by dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus lesions that cause reduced body weight, linear growth, and food intake. Exp. Brain Res. 66: 572-576.
6. Bernier, J.F., Calvert, C.C., Famula, T.R., and Baldwin, R.L. 1986. Maintenance energy requirement and net energetic efficiency in mice with a major gene for rapid postweaning gain. J. Nutr. 116: 419-428.
7. Bernstein, C., and Bernstein, H. 1991. Aging, sex, and DNA repair. Academic Press, San Diego.
8. Bishop, S.C., and Hill, W.G. 1985. Effects of selection on growth, body composition, and food intake in mice. III. Correlated responses: growth, body composition, food intake and efficiency and catabolism. Genet. Res. 46: 57-74.
9. Bootland, L.H., Hill, W.G., and Sinnett-Smith, P.A. 1991. Effects of exogenous growth hormone on growth, and body composition in genetically selected mice. J. Endocrinol. 131: 19-24.
10. Bradford, G.E., Barkley, M.S., and Spearow, J.L. 1980. Physiological effects of selection for aspects of efficiency of reproduction. In Selection Experiments in Laboratory and Domestic Animals: Proceedings of a Symposium, Harrogate, U.K., 21-22 July 1979. Edited by A. Robertson. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough, U.K. pp. 161-175.
11. Breese, C.R., Igram, R.L., and Sonntag, W.E. 1991. Influence of age and dietary restriction on plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1): IGF-1 gene expression, and IGF-1 binding proteins. J. Gerontol. 46: B180-B187.
12. Brem, G., Wanke, R., Wolf, E., Buchmuller, T., Muller, M., Brenig, B., and Hermanns, W. 1989. Multiple consequences of human growth hormone expression in transgenic mice. Mol. Biol. Med. 6: 531-547.
13. Bronson, F.H. 1984. Energy allocation and reproductive development in wild and domestic house mice. Biol. Reprod. 31: 83-88.
14. Calder, W.A. 1984. Size, function and life history. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
15. Calvert, C.C., Famula, T.R., Bernier, S.F., Khalaf, N., and Bradford, G.E. 1986. Efficiency of growth in mice with a major gene for rapid post weaning gain. J. Anim. Sci. 62: 77-85.
16. Campbell, R.G., Steele, N.C., Caperna, T.J., McMurtry, J.P., Solomon, M.B., and Mitchell, A.D. 1989. Interrelationships between sex and exogenous growth hormone administration on performance, body composition and protein and fat accretion of growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 67: 177-186.
17. Campfield, L.A., Smith, F.J., Guisez, Y., Devos, R., and Burn, P. 1995. Recombinant mouse ob protein: evidence for a peripheral signal linking adiposity and central neural networks. Science (Washington, D.C.), 269: 546-549.
18. Charnov, E.L. 1993. Life history invariants: some explorations of symmetry in evolutionary ecology. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
19. Cheney, K.E., Lin, R.K., Smith, G.S., Meredith, P.J., Mickey, M.R., Walford, R.L. 1983. The effect of dietary restriction of varying duration on survival, tumor patterns, immune function, and body temperature in B10C3F, female mice. J. Gerontol. 38: 420-430.
20. Conn, C.A., Mial, S., and Borer, K.T. 1993. Food restriction postpones, not prevents, exercise-induced growth in hamsters. Growth Dev. Aging, 57: 193-204.
21. Cutler, R.G. 1992. Genetic stability and oxidative stress: common mechanisms in aging and cancer. In Free radicals and aging. Edited by I. Emerit and B. Chance. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland, pp. 31-46.
22. Doi, T., Striker, L.J., Gibson, C.C., Agodoa, L.Y.C., Brinster, R.L., and Striker, G.E. 1990. Glomerular lesions in mice transgenic for growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1. Am. J. Pathol. 137: 541-552.
23. Duffy, P.H., Feuers, R.J., Leakey, T.A., Nakamura, K.D., Turturro, A., and Hart, R.W. 1989. Effect of chronic restriction on physiological variables related to energy metabolism in the male Fischer 344 rat. Mech. Ageing Dev. 48: 117-133.
24. Eklund, J., and Bradford, G.E. 1977. Longevity and lifetime body weight in mice selected for rapid growth. Nature (London), 265: 48-49.
25. Etherton, T.D., Wiggins, J.P., Evock, C.M., Chung, C.S., and Rebhun, J.F. 1987. Stimulation of swine growth performance by porcine growth hormone: determination of the dose - response relationship. J. Anim. Sci. 64: 433-443.
26. Falconer, D.S. 1953. Selection for large and small size in mice. J. Genet. 51: 470-501.
27. Finch, C.E. 1990. Longevity, senescence, and the genome. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
28. First, N.L., and Haseltine, F.P. 1991. Transgenic animals. Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston.
29. Forsum, E., Hillman, P.E., and Nesheim, M.C. 1981. Effect of energy restriction on total heat production, basal metabolic rate and specific dynamic action of food in rats. J. Nutr. 111: 1691-1697.
30. Fowler, R.E. 1962. The efficiency of food utilization, digestibility of food stuffs and energy expenditure of mice selected for large and small body size. Genet. Res. 3: 51-68.
31. Goodrick, C.L., Igram, D.K., Reynolds, M.A., Freeman, J.R., and Cider, N.L. 1982. Effects of intermittent feeding upon growth and lifespan in rats. Gerontology, 28: 233-241.
32. Graves, J.L. 1993. The costs of reproduction and dietary restriction - parallels between insects and mammals. Growth Dev. Aging, 57: 233-249.
33. Groesbeck, M.D., Parlow, A.F., and Daughaday, W.H. 1987. Stimulation of supranormal growth in pre-pubertal, adult plateaued, and hypophysectomized female rats by large doses of rat growth hormone: physiological effects and adverse consequences. Endocrinology, 120: 1963-1974.
34. Halaas, J.L., Gajlusala, K.S., Maffei, M., Cohen, S.L., Chait, B.T., Rabinowitz, D., Lallone, R.L., Burley, S.K., and Friedman, J.M. 1995. Weight-reducing effects of the plasma protein encoded by the obese gene. Science (Washington, D.C.), 269: 543-546.
35. Hammer, R.E., Brinster, R.L., Rosenfeld, M.G., Evans, R.M., and Mayo, K.E. 1985a. Expression of human growth hormone-releasing factor in transgenic mice results in increased somatic growth. Nature (London), 315: 413-416.
36. Hammer, R.E., Pursel, V.G., Rexroad, C.E., Jr., Wall, R.J., Bolt, B.J., Ebert, K.M., Palmiter, R.D., and Brinster, R.L. 1995b. Production of transgenic rabbits, sheep, and pigs by micro-injection. Nature (London), 315: 680-683.
37. Harman, D. 1971. Free radical theory of aging: dietary implications. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 25: 839-843.
38. Harman, D. 1992. Free radical theory of aging: history. In Free radicals and aging. Edited by I. Emerit and B. Chance. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland, pp. 1-10.
39. Heydari, A.R., and Richardson, A. 1992. Does gene expression play any role in the mechanism of the antiaging effect of dietary restriction? Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 663: 384-395.
40. Holehan, A.M., and Merry, B.J. 1986. The experimental manipulation of ageing by diet. Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc. 61: 329-368.
41. Holliday, R. 1989. Food, reproduction and longevity: is the extended lifespan of calorie-restricted animals an evolutionary adaptation? BioEssays, 10: 125-127.
42. Ingram, D.K., and Reynolds, M.A. 1987. The relationship of body weight to longevity with laboratory rodent species. In Evolution of longevity in animals. Edited by A.D. Woodhead and K.H. Thompson. Plenum Press, New York. pp. 247-282.
43. Kajiura, L.J., and Rollo, C.D. 1994. A mass budget for transgenic "Supermice" engineered with extra rat growth hormone genes: evidence for energetic limitation. Can. J. Zool. 72: 1010-1017.
44. Kirkwood, T.B.L. 1977. Evolution of aging. Nature (London), 270: 301-304.
45. Knapp, J.R., Chen, W.Y., Turner, N.D., Byers, F.M., and Kopchick, J.J. 1993. Growth and feed efficiencies of transgenic mice carrying mutated bovine growth hormone (bGH) genes. FASEB J. 7: A645. [Abstr.]
46. Lachmansingh, E.I., and Rollo, C.D. 1994. Evidence for a tradeoff between growth and behavioural activity in giant "Supermice" genetically engineered with extra growth hormone genes. Can. J. Zool. 72: 2158-2168.
47. Lessells, C.M. 1991. The evolution of life histories. In Behavioural ecology: an evolutionary approach. Edited by J.R. Krebs and N.B. Davies. Blackwell Scientific Publications, London. pp. 32-65.
48. Logsdon, D.F., and Nash, D.J. 1977. Hyperglycemia in mice of the Goodale giant (G/GW) strain. Life Sci. 20: 817-820.
49. MacArthur, J.W. 1949. Selection for small and large body size in the house mouse. Genetics, 34: 194-209.
50. Malik, R.C. 1984. Genetic and physiological aspects of growth, body composition and feed efficiency in mice: a review. J. Anim. Sci. 58: 577-590.
51. Masoro, E.J. 1993. Dietary restriction and aging. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 41: 994-999.
52. Mathews, L.S., Hammer, R.E., Behringer, R.R., D'Ercole, A.J., Bell, G.I., Brinster, R.L., and Palmiter, R.D. 1988. Growth enhancement of transgenic mice expressing human insulin-like growth factor I. Endocrinology, 123: 2827-2833.
53. McCarter, R., Masoro, E.J., and Yu, B.P. 1985. Does food restriction retard aging by reducing the metabolic rate? Am. J. Physiol. 248: E488-E490.
54. McCarthy, J.C. 1980. Morphological and physiological effects of selection for growth rate in mice. In Selection Experiments in Laboratory and Domestic Animals: Proceedings of a Symposium, Harrogate, U.K., 21-22 July 1979. Edited by A. Roberston. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough, U.K. pp. 100-109.
55. McCarthy, J.C., and Roberts, R.C. 1989. The genetic basis of selection for growth. In Evolution and animal breeding. Edited by W.C. Hall and T.F.C. Mackay. CAB International, Wallingford, U.K. pp. 135-140.
56. McPhee, C.P., Trappett, P.C., Neill, A.R., and Duncalfe, R. 1980. Changes in growth, appetite, food conversion efficiency and body composition in mice selected for high post-weaning gain on restricted feeding. Theor. Appl. Genet. 57: 49-56.
57. Means, L.W., Higgins, J.L., and Fernandez, T.J. 1993. Midlife onset of dietary restriction extends life and prolongs cognitive function. Physiol. Behav. 54: 503-508.
58. Mikuni, P.A., and Nash, D.J. 1979. Ontogeny of behavior in mice selected for large size. Behav. Genet. 9: 227-232.
59. Millar, J.S., and Hickling, G.S. 1991. Body size and the evolution of mammalian life histories. Funct. Ecol. 5: 588-593.
60. Millward, D.J., Garlick, P.T., and Reeds, P.J. 1976. The energy cost of growth. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 35: 339-349.
61. Moruppa, S.M. 1990. Energy expenditure and locomotory activity in mice selected for food intake adjusted for body weight. Theor. Appl. Genet. 79: 131-136.
62. Mosier, H.D., Crinella, F.M., Yu, J., Culler, F.C., and Jansons, R.A. 1993. Food efficiency in rats following brain lesions which affect target body size: implications on the set point for target size. Growth Dev. Aging, 57: 223-231.
63. Mounier, F., Bluet-Pajot, M.T., Durand, D., Kordon, C., Rasolonjanabery, R., and Epelbaum, J. 1989. Involvement of central somatostatin in the alteration of GH secretion in starved rats. Horm. Res. (Basel), 31: 266-270.
64. Naar, E.M., Bartke, A., Majundar, S.S., Buonomi, F.C., Yun, D.S., and Wagner, T.E. 1991. Fertility of transgenic female mice expressing bovine growth hormone variant genes. Biol. Reprod. 45: 128-187.
65. Nagai, J., Davis, G., and Lin, C.Y. 1990. Growth of mice produced by males with and without the rat growth hormone transgene. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 70: 979-982.
66. Orr, W.C., and Sohal, R.S. 1994. Extension of life-span by overexpression of Superoxide dismutase and catalase in Drosophila melanogaster. Science (Washington, D.C.), 263: 1128-1130.
67. Pacifici, R.E., and Davies, K.J.A. 1991. Protein, lipid and DNA repair systems in oxidative stress: the free-radical theory of aging revisited. Gerontology, 37: 166-180.
68. Palmiter, R.D., Brinster, R.L., Hammer, R.E., Trumbauer, M.E., Rosenfeld, M.G., Brinberg, N.C., and Evans, R.M. 1982. Dramatic growth of mice that develop from eggs microinjected with metallothionein-growth hormone fusion genes. Nature (London), 300: 611-615.
69. Palmiter, R.D., Norstedt, G., Gelinas, R.E., Hammer, R.E., and Brinster, R.L. 1983. Metallothionein - human GH fusion genes stimulate growth in mice. Science (Washington, D.C.), 222: 809-812.
70. Pelleymounter, M.A., Cullen, M.J., Baker, M.B., Hecht, R., Winters, D., Boone, T., and Collins, F. 1995. Effects of the obese gene product on body weight regulation in ob/ob mice. Science (Washington, D.C.), 269: 540-543.
71. Pendergrass, W.R., Li, Y., Jiang, D., and Wolf, N.S. 1993. Decrease in cellular replicative potential in "giant" mice transfected with the bovine growth hormone gene correlates to shortened life span. J. Cell. Physiol. 156: 96-103.
72. Peters, R.H. 1983. The ecological implications of body size. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
73. Pomp, D., Nancarrow, C.D., Ward, K.A., and Murray, J.D. 1992. Growth, feed efficiency and body composition of transgenic mice expressing a sheep metallothionein la-sheep growth hormone fusion gene. Livest. Prod. Sci. 31: 335-350.
74. Pursel, V.G., Pinkert, C.A., Miller, K.P., Bolt, D.J., Campbell, R.G., Palmiter, R.D., Brinster, R.L., and Hammer, R.E. 1989. Genetic engineering of livestock. Science (Washington, D.C.), 244: 1281-1288.
75. Pursel, V.G., Bolt, D.J., Miller, K.F., Pinkert, C.A., Hammer, R.E., Palmiter, R.D., and Brinster, R.L. 1990. Expression and performance in transgenic pigs. J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. No. 40. pp. 235-245.
76. Rao, G., Xia, E., Nadakavukaren, M.J., and Richardson, A. 1990. Effect of dietary restriction on the age-dependent changes in the expression of antioxidant enzymes in rat liver. J. Nutr. 120: 602-609.
77. Reiss, M.J. 1989. The allometry of growth and reproduction. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
78. Rexroad, C.E., Jr., Hammer, R.E., Bolt, D.J., Mayo, K.E., Froham, L.A., Palmiter, R.D., and Brinster, R.L. 1989. Production of transgenic sheep with growth-regulating genes. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 1: 164-169.
79. Roberts, R.C. 1961. The lifetime growth and reproduction of selected strains of mice. Heredity, 16: 369-381.
80. Roberts, R.C. 1981. The growth of mice selected for large and small size in relation to food intake and the efficiency of conversion. Genet. Res. 38: 9-24.
81. Roberts, R.C., Yuksel, E., and Hill, W.G. 1980. Selection for efficiency of food conversion in the mouse. In Selection Experiments in Laboratory and Domestic Animals: Proceedings of a Symposium, Harrogate, U.K., 21-22 July 1979. Edited by A. Robertson. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough, U.K. pp. 110-111.
82. Roff, D.A. 1993. The evolution of life histories. Chapman and Hall, New York.
83. Rollo, C.D. 1994. Phenotypes: their epigenetics, ecology and evolution. Chapman and Hall, London.
84. Rollo, C.D., Carlson, J., and Sawada, M. 1996. Accelerated aging of giant transgenic mice is associated with elevated free radical processes. Can. J. Zool. 74. In press.
85. Ross, M.H., Lustbader, E.D., and Bras, G. 1985. Dietary habits and the prediction of life span of rats: a prospective test. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 41: 1332-1344.
86. Salmon, R.K., Bailey, D.R.C., Weingardt, R., and Berg, R.T. 1990. Growth efficiency in mice selected for increased body weight. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 70: 371-380.
87. Schindler, W.J., Hutchins, M.O., and Septimus, E.J. 1972. Growth hormone secretion and control in the mouse. Endocrinology, 91: 483-490.
88. Schmidt-Nielsen, K. 1984. Scaling why is animal size so important? Cambridge University Press, London.
89. Shea, B.T., Hammer, R.E., and Brinster, R.L. 1987. Growth allometry of the organs in giant transgenic mice. Endocrinology, 121: 1924-1930.
90. Sibly, R., and Calow, P. 1986. Physiological ecology of animals: an evolutionary approach. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
91. Sotelo, A.I., Bartke, A., and Turyn, D. 1993. Effects of bovine growth hormone (GH) expression in transgenic mice on serum and pituitary immunoreactive mouse GH levels and pituitary GH-releasing factor binding sites. Acta Endocrinol. 129: 446-452.
92. Stearns, S.C. 1992. The evolution of life histories. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
93. Steele, N.C., and Pursel, V.G. 1990. Nutrient partitioning by transgenic animals. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 10: 213-232.
94. Stefaneanu, L., Kovacs, K., Bartke, A., Mayerhofer, A., and Wager, T.E. 1993. Pituitary morphology of transgenic mice expressing bovine growth hormone. Lab. Invest. 68: 584-591.
95. Steger, R.W., Bartke, A., and Cecim, M. 1993. Premature ageing in transgenic mice expressing different growth hormone genes. J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. No. 46. pp. 61-75.
96. Straus, D.S., and Takemoto, C.D. 1991. Specific decrease in liver insulin-like growth factor-I and brain insulin-like growth factor-II gene expression in energy-restricted rats. J. Nutr. 121: 1279-1286.
97. Sutherland, T.M., Biondini, P.E., and Ward, G.M. 1974. Selection for growth rate, feed efficiency and body composition in mice. Genetics, 78: 525-540.
98. Thissen, J.P., Ketelslegers, J.M., and Underwood, L.E. 1994. Nutritional regulation of the insulin-like growth factors. Endocr. Rev. 15: 80-101.
99. Timon, V.M., Eisen, E.J., and Leatherwood, J.M. 1970. Comparisons of ad libitum and restricted feeding of mice selected and unselected for postweaning gain. II. Carcass composition and energetic efficiency. Genetics, 65: 145-155.
100. Totter, J.R. 1985. Food restriction, ionizing radiation, and natural selection. Mech. Ageing Dev. 30: 261-271.
101. Tuomi, J.T., Hakala, T., and Haukioja, E. 1983. Alternative concepts of reproductive effort, costs of reproduction, and selection in life-history evolution. Am. Zool. 23: 25-34.
102. Wall, R.J., Bolt, D.J., Frels, W.I., Hawk, H.W., King, D., Pursel, V.G., Rexroad, C.E., Jr., and Rohan, R.M. 1990. Transgenic farm animals: current state of the art. Ag Biotech News Inf. 2: 391-395.
103. Webster, A.J.F. 1993. Energy partitioning, tissue growth and appetite control. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 52: 69-76.
104. Weibel, E.R., Taylor, C.R., and Hoppeler, H. 1991. The concept of symmorphosis: a testable hypothesis of structure-function relationship. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88: 10357-10361.
105. Weindruch, R., and Walford, R.L. 1988. The retardation of aging and disease by dietary restriction. Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Springfield, Ill.
106. Wolf, E., Wanke, R., Hermanns, W., Brem, G., Pirchner, F., and Von-Butler-Wemken, I. 1991. Growth characteristics of metallothionein human growth hormone transgenic mice as compared to mice selected for high eight-week body weight and unselected controls. I. Body weight gain and external body dimensions. Growth Dev. Aging, 55: 225-235.
107. Wolf, E., Kahnt, E., Ehrlein, J., Hermanns, W., Brem, G., and Wanke, R. 1993. Effects of long-term elevated serum levels of growth hormone on life expectancy of mice: lessons from transgenic animal models. Mech. Ageing Dev. 68: 71-87.
108. Yu, B.P. 1987. Update on food restriction and aging. Rev. Biol. Res. Aging, 3: 495-505.
109. Yu, B.P., Masoro, E.J., and McMahan, C.A. 1985. Nutritional influences on aging in Fischer 344 rats: I. physical, metabolic, and longevity characteristics. J. Gerontol. 40: 657-670.
110. Zhang, Y., Proenca, R., Maffei, M., Barone, M., Leopold, L., and Friedman, J.M. 1994. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature (London), 372: 425-432.