XMM-Newton detection of hard X-ray emission in the nitrogen-type Wolf-Rayet star WR 110

Astrophysical Journal

Volumn 572, Issue 1 I, 2002, Pages 477-486

  Skinner, Stephen L ^a   Zhekov, Svetozar A ^a,d   Güdel, Manuel ^b   Schmutz, Werner ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^b PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUTE   (Switzerland)

^c WORLD RADIATION CENTER   (Switzerland)

^d Faculty of Physics Sofia University St Kliment Ohridski   (Bulgaria)

Author keywords

Radio continuum: stars; Stars: individual (HD 165688); Stars: mass loss; Stars: winds, outflows; Stars: Wolf Rayet; X rays: stars

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001410197     PISSN: 0004637X     EISSN: 15384357     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/340307     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Abbott, D. C., Bieging, J. H., Churchwell, E., & Torres, A. V. 1986, ApJ, 303, 239
2. Allen, C. W. 1973, Astrophysical Quantities (London: Athlone)
3. Anders, E., & Grevesse, N. 1989, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 53, 197
4. Arnaud, K. A. 1996, in ASP Conf. Ser. 110, Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems V, ed. G. Jacoby & J. Barnes (San Francisco: ASP), 17
5. Babel, J., & Montmerle, T. 1997a, A&A, 323, 121
6. _. 1997b, ApJ, 485, L29
7. Berghöfer, T. W., Schmitt, J. H. M. M., Danner, R., & Cassinelli, J. P. 1997, A&A, 322, 167
8. Bieging, J. H., Abbott, D. C., & Churchwell, E. B. 1982, ApJ, 263, 207
9. Cassinelli, J. P., Miller, N. A., Waldron, W. A., MacFarlane, J. J., & Cohen, D. H. 2001, ApJ, 554, L55
10. Chen, W., & White, R. L. 1991, ApJ, 366, 512 (CW91)
11. Davidson, K., & Ostriker, J. P. 1973, ApJ, 179, 585
12. Dumm, T., et al. 2002, in New Visions of the X-Ray Universe, ed. F. Jansen et al. (ESA-SP 488, Noordwijk: ESA), in press
13. Feldmeier, A., Kudritzki, R.-P., Palsa, R. Pauldrach, A. W. A., & Puls, J. 1997, A&A, 320, 899
14. Gayley, K. G., & Owocki, S. P. 1995, ApJ, 446, 801
15. Gorenstein, P. 1975, ApJ, 198, 95
16. Hamann, W.-R., Koesterke, L., & Wessolowski, U. 1995, A&A, 299, 151
17. Ignace, R., Oskinova, L. M., & Foullon, C. 2000, MNRAS, 318, 214
18. Jansen, F., et al. 2001, A&A, 365, L1
19. Kahn, S. M., et al. 2001, A&A, 365, L312
20. Koyama, K., Maeda, Y., Tsuru, T., Nagase, F., & Skinner, S. 1994, PASJ, 46, L93
21. Lemen, J. R., Mewe, R., Schrijver, C. J., & Fludra, A. 1989, ApJ, 341, L474
22. Lucy, L. B. 1982, ApJ, 255, 286
23. Lucy, L. B., & White, R. L. 1980, ApJ, 241, 300
24. Mewe, R., Gronenschild, E. H. B. M., & van den Oord, G. H. J. 1985, A&AS, 62, 197
25. Morrison, R., & McCammon, D. 1983, ApJ, 270, 119
26. Owocki, S. P., Castor, J. I., & Rybicki, G. B. 1988, ApJ, 335, 914
27. Owocki, S. P., & Cohen, D. H. 2001, ApJ, 559, 1108
28. Panagia, N., & Felli, M. 1975, A&A, 39, 1
29. Pittard, J. M., et al. 2001, A&A, submitted
30. Prilutskii, O., & Usov, V. V. 1976, Soviet Astron., 20, 2
31. Runacres, M. C., & Owocki, S. P. 2002, A&A, 381, 1015
32. Schmutz, W., Hamann, W.-R., & Wessolowski, U. 1989, A&A, 210, 236
33. Schmutz, W., & Vacca, W. D. 1991, A&AS, 89, 259
34. Schulz, N. S., Canizares, C. R., Huenemoerder, D., & Lee, J. C. 2000, ApJ, 545, L135
35. Skinner, S. L., Güdel, M., Schmutz, W., & Stevens, I. R. 2001, ApJ, 558, L113
36. Skinner, S. L., Itoh, M., & Nagase, F. 1997, New A, 3, 37
37. Spitzer, L. 1962, Physics of Fully Ionized Gases (New York: J. Wiley)
38. St-Louis, N., Dalton, M. J., Marchenko, S. V., Moffat, A. F. J., & Willis, A. J. 1995, ApJ, 452, L57
39. Strüder, L., et al. 2001, A&A, 365, L18
40. Turner, M. J. L., et al. 2001, A&A, 365, L27
41. ud-Doula, A., & Owocki, S. P. 2002, ApJ, submitted
42. Usov, V. V. 1992, ApJ, 389, 635
43. van den Heuvel, E. P. J. 1976, in IAU Symp. 73, Structure and Evolution of Close Binary Systems, ed. P. Eggleton, S. Milton, & J. Whelan (Dordrecht: Reidel), 35
44. van der Hucht, K. A. 2001, New A Rev., 45, 135 (VDH01)
45. van der Hucht, K. A., Cassinelli, J. P., & Williams, P. M. 1986, A&A, 168, 111 (VCW86)
46. Waldron, W., & Cassinelli, J. P. 2001, ApJ, 548, L45
47. Wessolowski, U. 1996, in Proc. Röntgenstrahlung from the Universe, ed. H. U. Zimmermann, J. Trümper, & H. Yorke (MPE Report 263; MPE: Garching), 75
48. White, R. L. 1985, ApJ, 289, 698
49. Willis, A. J. 1996, Ap&SS, 237, 145
50. Willis, A. J., & Stevens, I. R. 1996, A&A, 310, 577
51. Wright, A. E., & Barlow, M. J. 1975, MNRAS, 170, 41