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Kamiokande Collaboration, Y. Suzuki, in TAUP 93, Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Theoretical and Phenomenological Aspects of Underground Physics, Assergi, Italy, 1993, edited by C. Arpesella, E. Bellotti, and A. Bottino [Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 35 (1994)];
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CERN Report No. 93 98, 1993 (unpublished).
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16
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0001216955
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New constraints on neutrino oscillations in vacuum as a possible solution of the solar neutrino problem
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Our point of view is not universally accepted, and some authors appear to disagree with our point of view [see, for example, ], and argue that the discrepancy between the chlorine experiment and the other three experiments is evidence that there is a significant energy dependence to the observed discrepancy. We feel that this is not clear at the moment. Note that the discrepancy depends a lot on which standard solar model you use. For the solar model of Turck Chièze et al., the ratio of Homestake to Kamiokande data (normalized to the prediction of Turck Chièze et al.), taken at the same time (i.e., since 1988), is RH/RK = 0.70 pm 0.09 pm 0.07 without theoretical uncertainties [see, 230, 57, ]. This ratio is consistent with 1. In other words, at the present time, there is no statistically compelling evidence that there is an energy dependent flux deficiency. Even if there is a discrepancy, it may be due to many sources, e.g., the absorption cross section for [Truncated]
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(1993)
Physical Review Letters
, vol.72
, pp. 1960
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Krastev, P.I.1
Petcov, S.T.2
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23
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25744432573
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Light neutrinos can be members of exotic SU(2)L otimes U (1)Y multiplets if they have I3 = Y = 0 and consequently do not couple to the Z boson. For a model of this type, see, e.g.
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(1987)
Phys. Lett. B
, vol.212
, pp. 67
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Foot, R.1
Lew, H.2
Joshi, G.C.3
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36
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There are many examples of models with a exact parity symmetric Lagrangian, which is spontaneously broken by the vacuum. These include models based on SU(4) otimes SU(2)L otimes SU(2)R [, ] and SU(3)c otimes SU(2)L otimes SU(2)R otimes U(1)B-L R. N. Mohapatra and J. Pati, ibid., 11, 566, 2558
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(1974)
Phys. Rev. D
, vol.10
, pp. 275
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Pati, J.C.1
Salam, A.2
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38
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33750639446
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ibid., These models have parity symmetry interchanging the SU(2)L gauge bosons with SU(2)R (along with x rightarrow -x of course). There is no fundamental reason why parity should interchange SU(2)L with SU(2)R, and there are other parity symmetric models which do not exhibit this feature. These include models based on SU(3)c otimes SU(3)l otimes SU(2)L otimes U(1) , 41, 3502, R. Foot, H. Lew
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(1981)
ibid.
, vol.23
, pp. 165
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Mohapatra, R.1
Senjanovic, G.2
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39
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in which parity symmetry interchanges the SU(3)c of QCD with a SU(3) of leptonic color (quark lepton symmetric models). Another unorthodox parity symmetric model has the parity operation interchanging the SU(3) of QCD with a SU(3)L which contains the usual weak interactions;
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(1992)
Mod. Phys. Lett. A
, vol.8
, pp. 1859
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Foot, R.1
Lew, H.2
Volkas, R.R.3
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40
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A PARITY INVARIANT SU(3)c⊗ SU(3)L⊗ U(1) MODEL
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i.e., the gauge group of the model is SU(3)c otimes SU(3)L otimes U(1) [,] There are also spontaneously broken parity symmetric models which have a mirror universe. For a model of this form with gauge group SU(3) otimes SU(2) otimes SU(2) otimes U(1) otimes U(1), see, 67, 2765, S. M. Barr, D. Chang, G. Senjanovic, Phys. Rev. Lett.
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(1991)
Modern Physics Letters A
, vol.10
, pp. 159
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Foot, R.1
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41
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84927901618
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For another model of this type, see Foot and Lew in cite21. While there are many different types of spontaneously broken parity symmetric models, there is essentially only one type of unbroken parity symmetric models [modulo trivial extensions, e.g., SU(5)GUT otimes SU(5)GUT].
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In general this Higgs potential can only have two possible vacua < φ1 > = < φ2 > or < φ1 > = u, < φ2 > =0. This second vacuum corresponds to the region of parameter space λ1 + λ2 > 0, λ2<0. The resulting model has been discussed by R. Foot and H. Lew, McGill University, Taiwan institute report, hep ph/9411390, 1994 (unpublished).
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Holdom cite18 pointed out that a kinetic mixing term could be radiatively induced by assuming the existence of heavy particles which have both ordinary and mirror charges. Such a mechanism for generating kinetic mixing is required if the gauge group does not contain U(1) factors (as is the case in grand unified models, for example). Holdom observed that kinetic mixing can cause the mirror particles to couple to the ordinary photon, thus giving them effectively a mini electric charge. Independently of Holdom's work, we also observed this feature of kinetic mixing in the context of a particular model, the parity conserving model (see Ref. cite16). Following, [which seems to be the first place where kinetic mixing terms were proposed as a possible tree level term in a gauge theory with two U(1) factors], we observed that the kinetic mixing term can occur at the tree level, and should be viewed as an a priori fundamental parameter of the theory. There is no need to [Truncated]
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(1991)
Phys. Lett. B
, vol.267
, pp. 509
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Foot, R.1
He, X.G.2
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We may also need to assume that there is no degeneracy among the neutrinos belonging to different generations.
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Assuming that m2 pm > m1 pm. If m1 pm > m2 pm, then Eq. (14) implies that |Δ m1sup 2 | ll m1sup 2. Thus, either |Δ m2sup 2| ll m2sup 2 or |Δ m1sup 2| ll m1sup 2 is required.
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edited by, P. van Nieuwenhuizen, D. Z. Freedman, North Holland, Amsterdam
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(1979)
Supergravity, Proceedings of the Workshop, Stony Brook, New York, 1979
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Gell Mann, M.1
Ramond, P.2
Slansky, R.3
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55
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Phys. Rev. Lett. (to be published).
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Hata, N.1
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It is of course also possible that the SM of particle physics needs modification. One idea is to extend the theory so that massive τ neutrinos decay rapidly.
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See Kolb et al. cite19 for one such scenario.
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Actually, a heavy τ neutrino could decay quite rapidly in the exact parity symmetric model, since there is no Glashow Iliopoulos Maiani (GIM) mechanism for the neutrinos, and the decay νsup +3 → ν3sup - + Zsup * bbox(where Zsup * is a virtual Z boson [actually it is the parity diagonal combination (Z1 - Z2)/ sqrt 2 ], and it will decay into νe, νE, e pm, etc.bbox) is not suppressed by any small mixing angle. A rough calculation suggests that there is a small window of mντ between 9 and 10 MeV, where the lifetime is within the bound quoted in Ref. cite37.
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To build a model with parity symmetry slightly broken in the manner described here, it would be necessary to modify the Higgs sector, by adding additional Higgs doublets for example.
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A massive mirror photon has quite unusual experimental signatures. See R. Foot, Mcgill report, hep ph/9407331 (unpublished).
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In order for the mirror electron and mirror positrons to annihilate sufficiently so that their relic abundances do not overclose the universe, a lower bound (of about 10-5) on the U(1) kinetic mixing parameter can be calculated.
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