Preparation and characterization of transparent nanocrystalline TiO2 films possessing well-defined morphologies

Journal of Physical Chemistry

Volumn 100, Issue 25, 1996, Pages 10732-10738

  Doherty, Stephen ^a   Fitzmaurice, Donald ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001391634     PISSN: 00223654     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jp960552x     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Hagfeldt, A.; Grätzel, M. Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 49.
2. (a) O'Regan, B.; Grätzel, M. Nature 1991, 353, 737.
3. (b) Nazeeruddin, M. K.; Kay, A.; Rodicio, I.; Humphry-Baker, R.; Muller, E.; Liska, P.; Vlachopoulos, N.; Grätzel, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 6382.
4. Huang, S.-Y.; Kavan, L.; Kay, A.; Grätzel, M. J. Act. Passive Electron. Compon., paper submitted to a special issue entitled Advances in Lithium Rechargeable Battery Research. We thank the authors for sending us a preprint of this paper.
5. (a) Marguerettaz, X.; O'Neill, R.; Fitzmaurice, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2629.
6. (b) Hagfeldt, A.; Vlachopoulos, N.; Grätzel, M. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1994, 141, L82.
7. For examples of recent studies directed toward the preparation and characterization of close-packed and nanoporous nanocrystalline semi-conductor films, see ref 1 and a special issue of Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 1994, 32, 221. Also see refs 6 and 7 below.
8. (a) O'Regan, B.; Grätzel, M.; Fitzmaurice, D. J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 10525.
9. (b) Redmond, G.; Grätzel, M.; Fitzmaurice, D. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 6951.
10. (c) Hotchandani, S.; Kamat, P. J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 6834.
11. (d) Liu, D.; Kamat, P. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 10769.
12. (e) Hotchandani, S.; Kamat, P. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1992, 139, 1630.
13. (f) Hodes, G.; Albu-Yaron, A. Proc. Electrochem. Soc. 1988, 88, 298.
14. (g) Hodes, G.; Howell, I.; Peter, L. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1992, 139, 3136.
15. (h) Lyons, A.; Hupp, J. J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 15718.
16. (a) Schwarzburg, K.; Willig, F. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1991, 58, 2520.
17. (b) Willig, F; Kietzmann, R.; Schwarzburg, K. In Photochemical and Photoelectrochemical Conversion and Storage of Solar Energy; Tian, Z., Cao, Y., Eds.; International Academic Publishers: Beijing, 1993; p 129.
18. (c) Lindquist, S.-E.; Finnstrom, B.; Tegner, L. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1983, 130, 351.
19. (d) Hagfeldt, A.; Bjorksten, U.; Lindquist, S.-E. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cell 1992, 27, 293.
20. (e) Sodergren, S.; Hagfeldt, A.; Olsson, J.; Lindquist, S.-E. J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 94, 5552.
21. Rizza, R.; Fitzmaurice, D., paper in preparation.
22. Kotov, N.; Meldrum, F.; Fendler, J. J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 8827.
23. The authors thank the staff of the Electron Microscopy Unit at UCD for their advice and assistance in the preparation of these samples.
24. Holzer, J.; Mc Carthy, G. North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND. JCPDS Grant-in-Aid Report, 1990.
25. (a) Kavan, L.; Stoto, T.; Grätzel, M.; Fitzmaurice, D.; Shklover, V. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 9493.
26. (b) Kavan, L.; O'Regan, B.; Kay, A.; Grätzel, M. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1993, 346, 291.
27. Cronemeyer, D. Phys. Rev. 1952, 87, 876.
28. Salvadore, P. Sol. Energy Mater. 1982, 6, 241.
29. Finklea, H. Semiconductor Electrodes; Elsevier: New York, 1988; pp 65-66.
30. O'Regan, B.; Moser, J.; Anderson, M.; Grätzel, M. J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 8720.
31. (a) Liu, C.-Y.; Bard, A. J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 7749.
32. (b) Redmond, G.; Fitzmaurice, D. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 1426.
33. (c) Enright, B.; Redmond, G.; Fitzmaurice, D. J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 6195.
34. (d) Fitzmaurice, D. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 1994, 32, 289.
35. (e) Hoyer, P.; Eichenberger, R.; Weller, H. Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 630.
36. (f) Redmond, G.; O'Keeffe, A.; Burgess, C.; MacHale, C.; Fitzmaurice, D. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 11081.
37. (g) Bedja, I.; Hotchandani, S.; Kamat, P. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 11064.
38. (a) O'Regan, B.; Grätzel, M.; Fitzmaurice, D. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1991, 183, 89.
39. (b) Rothenberger, G.; Fitzmaurice, D.; Grätzel, M. J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 5983.
40. (a) Burstein, E. Phys. Rev. 1969, 184, 733.
41. (b) Moss, T. J. Appl. Phys. 1961, 32, 2136.
42. Hunter, R. Zeta Potential In Colloidal Science; Academic Press: London, 1981.