Epitaxially Driven Assembly of Crystalline Molecular Films on Ordered Substrates

Chemistry of Materials

Volumn 10, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 422-437

  Last, Julie A ^a   Hillier, Andrew C ^a,b   Hooks, Daniel E ^a   Maxson, Jeffrey B ^a   Ward, Michael D ^a  

^a University of Minnesota   (United States)

^b University of Virginia   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001390333     PISSN: 08974756     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/cm970582s     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. (a) Aviram, A.; Ratner, M. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1972, 29, 277.
2. (b) Carter, F. L., Ed. Molecular Electronic Devices; Marcel Dekker: New York, 1982.
3. (c) Ashwell, G. J., Ed. Molecular Electronics; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1992.
4. (a) Desiraju, G. Crystal Engineering - The Design of Organic Solids; Elsevier: New York, 1989.
5. (b) Fagan, P. J.; Ward, M. D.; Calabrese, J. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 1698.
6. (a) Miller, J. Extended Linear Chain Compounds; Plenum Press: New York, 1982-84; Vol. 1-3.
7. (b) Williams, J. M.; Wang, H. H.; Emge, T. J.; Geiser, U.; Beno, M. A.; Leung, C. W.; Carlson, K.d.; Thorn, R. J.; Schultz, A. J. In Progress in Inorganic Chemistry; Lippard, S. J., Ed.; John Wiley and Sons: New York, 1987; p 51.
8. (c) Williams, J. M.; Schultz, A. J.; Geiser, U.; Carlson, K. D.; Kini, A. M.; Wang, H. H.; Kwok, W.-K; Whangbo, M.-H.; Schirber, J. E. Science 1991, 252, 1501.
9. Miller, J. S.; Epstein, A. J.; Reiff, W. M. Science 1988, 240, 40.
10. Zyss, J.; Tscoucaris, G. Structure and Properties of Molecular Crystals; Pierrot, M., Ed; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1990.
11. Strukelj, M.; Jordan, R. H.; Dodabalapur, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1213.
12. Kido, J.; Kimura, M.; Nagaim, K. Science 1995, 67, 1332.
13. Tang, C. W.; Van Slyke, S. A.; Chen, C. H. J. Appl. Phys. 1989, 65, 3610.
14. Tang, C. W.; Van Slyke, S. A. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1987, 51, 913.
15. Horowitz, G.; Kouki, F.; Spearman, P.; Fichou, D.; Nogues, C.; Pan, X.; Garnier, F. Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 242.
16. Greenham, N. C.; Moratti, S. C.; Bradley, D. D. C.; Friend, R. H.; Holmes, A. B. Nature 1993, 44, 201.
17. Hiramato, M.; Fujiwara, H.; Yokoyama, M. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1991, 58, 1062.
18. Hiramato, M.; Fujiwara, H.; Yokoyama, M. J. Appl. Phys. 1992, 72, 3781.
19. Haddon, R. C.; Perel, A. S.; Morris, R. C.; Palstra, T. T. M.; Hebard, A. F.; Fleming, R. M. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1995, 67, 121.
20. Brown, A. R.; Deleeuw, D. M.; Lous, E. J.; Havinga, E. E. Synth. Met. 1994, 66, 257.
21. Tang, C. W. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1986, 48, 183.
22. Liu, C.-Y.; Lynch, V.; Bard, A. J. Chem. Mater. 1997, 9, 943.
23. Scaringe, R. P. In Electron Crystallography of Organic Molecules; Fryer, J. R.; Dorset, D. L., Eds.; Kluwer: Boston, 1991; p 85.
24. Perlstein, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 11420.
25. Epitaxial Growth; Matthews, J., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1975.
26. Hossick-Schott, J.; Ward, M. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 6806.
27. Hossick-Schott, J.; Yip, C. M.; Ward, M. D. Langmuir 1995, 11, 177.
28. Hillier, A. C.; Maxson, J. B.; Ward, M. D. Chem. Mater. 1994, 6, 2222.
29. Hillier, A. C.; Hossick-Schott, J.; Ward, M. D. Adv. Mater. 1995, 7, 409.
30. Hillier, A. C.; Ward, M. D. Phys. Rev. B 1996, 54, 14037.
31. (a) Bender, K; Hennig, I.; Schweitzer, D.; Dietz, K; Endres, H.; Keller. H. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1984, 108, 359.
32. (b) Emge, T. J.; Leung, P.; Beno, M. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1986, 132, 363.
33. Hillier, A. C.; Ward, M. D. Science 1994, 263, 1261.
34. Carter, P. W.; Hillier, A. C.; Ward, M. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 944.
35. (a) Engler, E. M.; Lee, V. Y.; Schumaker, R. R.; Parkin, S. S. P.; Greene, R. L.; Scott, J. C. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1984, 107, 19.
36. (b) Carneiro, K.; Scott, J. C.; Engler, E. M. Solid State Commun. 1984, 50, 477.
37. (c) Williams, J. M.; Beno, M. A.; Wang, H. H.; Reed, P. E.; Azevedo, L. J.; Schriber, J. E. Inorg. Chem. 1984, 23, 1790.
38. (d) Parkin, S. S.; Engler, E. M.; Schumaker, R.; Lagier, R.; Lee, V. Y.; Scott, J. C.; Greene, R. L. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1983, 50, 270.
39. Rappe, A. K.; Casewit, C. J.; Colwell, K. S.; Goddard, W. A. III; Skiff, W. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 10024.
40. (a) Williams, J. M.; Ferraro, J. R.; Thorn, R. J.; Carlson, K. D.; Geiser, U.; Wang, H. H.; Kini, A. M.; Whangbo, M. Organic Superconductors (Including Fullerenes); Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle river, NJ, 1992.
41. (b) Carlson, K. D.; Wang, H. H.; Beno, M. A.; Kini, A. M.; Williams, J. M. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1990, 181, 91.
42. (c) Shibaeva, R. P.; Yagubskii, E. B.; Laukhina, E. E.; Laukhin, V. N. In The Physics and Chemistry of Organic Superconductors; Saito, G., Kagoshima, S., Eds.; Springer-Verlag: Berlin, 1990; p 342.
43. 3 are a = 9.183 Å, b = 10.804 Å, c = 17.422 Å, α = 96.96°, β = 97.93°, γ = 90.85°.
44. 2: a = 16.3 Å, b = 12.01 Å, c = 12.42 Å, β = 91.2°. All three structures were reported to contain layers of ET molecules.
45. Shibaeva, R. P.; Kaminskii, V. F.; Yagubskii, E. B. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1985, 119, 361.
46. Wang, H. H.; Montgomery, L. K.; Husting, C. A.; Vogt, B. A.; Williams, J. M.; Budz, S. M.; Lowry, M. J.; Carlson, K. D.; Kwok, M.-K.; Mikjeyev, V. Chem. Mater. 1989, 1, 484.
47. Sakura, S.; Imai, H.; Anzai, H.; Moriya, T. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1988, 61, 3181.
48. McCreery, R. L. In Electroanalytical Chemistry: A Series of Advances; Bard, A. J., Ed.; Marcel Dekker: New York, 1991; Vol. 17, p 303.
49. (a) Endres, H.; Killer, M.; Keller, H. J.; Bender, K; Gogu, E.; Heinen, I.; Schweitzer, Z. Naturforsch. 1985, 406, 1664.
50. (b) Shibaeva, R. P.; Kaminskii, V. F.; Yagubskii, E. B. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1985, 119, 361.
51. 2, respectively.
52. Gregory, B. W.; Norton, M. L.; Stickney, J. L. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1990, 293, 85.
53. Hutter, J. L.; Bechhoefer, J. J. Appl. Phys. 1993, 73, 4123.
54. Stranski, I. N.; Krastanov, L. Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss., Kl IIb 1938, 146, 797.
55. Last, J. A.; Ward, M. D. Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 730.
56. van der Merwe, J. H. Philos. Magn. A 1982, 45, 127.
57. (a) Collins, G. E.; Nebesny, K. W.; England, C. D.; Chau, L.; Lee, P. A.; Parkinson, B.; Fernando, Q.; Armstrong, N. R. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 1992, 10, 2902.
58. (b) Armstrong, N. R.; Nebesny, K. W.; Collins, G. E.; Chau, L.-K.; Lee, P. A.; England, C. D.; Diehl, D.; Douskey, M.; Parkinson, B. Thin Solid Films 1992, 216, 90.
59. (c) Nebesny, K. W.; Collins, G. E.; Lee, P. A.; Chau, L.-K.; Danziger, J.; Osburn, E.; Armstrong, N. R. Chem. Mater. 1991, 3, 829.
60. (d) Ludwig, C.; Gompf, B.; Flatz, W.; Peterson, J.; Eisenmenger, W.; Mobus, M.; Zimmermann, U.; Karl, N. Z. Phys. B 1992, 86, 397.
61. (e) Ludwig, C.; Gompf, B.; Peterson, J.; Strohmaier, R.; Eisenmenger, W. Z. Phys. B 1993, 93, 365.
62. (a) Forrest, S. R.; Zhang, Y. Phys. Rev. B 1994, 49, 11297.
63. (b) Zhang, Y.; Forrest, S. R. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1993, 71, 2765.
64. 2. See: Eichhorst-Gerner, K.; Stabel, A.; Moessner, G.; Declerq, D.; Valiyaveettil, S.; Enkelmann, V.; Mullen, K.; Rabe, J. P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1492.
65. 2.
66. 2.
67. min = 17.6 Å; β = 101°).