Fractality and self-organized criticality of wars

Fractals

Volumn 6, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 351-357

  Roberts, D C ^a   Turcotte, D L ^a  

^a Department of Obstetrics Gynecology   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001389839     PISSN: 0218348X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1142/S0218348X98000407     Document Type: Article

References (13)

1. B. Mandelbrot, "How Long is the Coast of Britain? Statistical Self-Similarity and Fractional Dimension," Science 156, 636 (1967).
2. L. F. Richardson, "Frequency of occurrence of wars and other fatal quarrels," Nature 148, 598 (1941).
3. D. L. Turcotte, Fractals and Chaos in Geology and Geophysics 2nd ed. (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997).
4. L. F. Richardson, Statistics of Deadly Quarrels (The Boxwood Press, Pittsburgh, 1960).
5. J. S. Levy, War in the Modern Great Power System, 1495-1975 (University Press of Kentucky, Lexington, 1983).
6. M. Small and J. D. Singer, Resort to Arms (Saga Publications, Beverly Hills, 1982).
7. P. Bak, C. Tang and K. Wiesenfeld, "Self-Organized Criticality," Phys. Rev. A38, 364 (1988).
8. B. Drossel and F. Schwable, "Self-Organized Criticality in a Forest-Fire Model," Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 1629 (1992).
9. National Interagency Fire Center, Electronic data obtained from Andrea Olson, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Boise, ID, 1996.
10. E. Heyerdahl and J. Agee, "Fire History Data Base of the Western United States," Interagency Agreement DW 12934530, EPA, USDA Forest Service, University of Washington, Seattle, 1994.
11. E. S. Kasischke and N. H. F. French, "Locating and Estimating the Areal Extent of Wildfires in Alaskan Boreal Forest Using Multiple-Season AVHRR NDVI Composite Data," Remote Sensing Env. 51, 263 (1995).
12. Australian Capital Territory Bush Fire Council, Electronic data obtained from WWW site "Firebreak" which publishes the statistics from the ACT Bush Fire Council Annual Reports (1926-present), 1996.
13. A. M. Saperstein, "War and Chaos," Am. Sci. 83, 548 (1995).