Fluorescence and Relative Activities of Stilbene Optical Brighteners as Enhancers for the Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Baculovirus

Journal of Economic Entomology

Volumn 90, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 416-420

  Argauer, Robert ^a,b   Shapiro, Martin ^a,c  

^a AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE   (United States)

^b Environmental Chemistry Laboratory   (United States)

^c Insect Biocontrol Laboratory   (United States)

Author keywords

Fluorescence; Lymantria dispar; Optical brighteners

Indexed keywords

CYPOVIRUS; LEPIDOPTERA; LYMANTRIA DISPAR; LYMANTRIIDAE; UNIDENTIFIED BACULOVIRUS; UNIDENTIFIED NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUSES;

EID: 0001365787     PISSN: 00220493     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jee/90.2.416     Document Type: Article

References (11)

1. Anliker, R. 1973. History and mode of action of fluorescent whitening agents (FWA), pp. 7-22. In Fluorescent whitening agents. Center for Environmental Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.
2. Bell, R. A., C. D. Owens, M. Shapiro, and J.G.R. Tardif. 1981. Development of mass rearing technology, pp. 599-633. In C. C. Doane and M. M. McManus [eds.], The gypsy moth: research toward integrated pest management. U.S. Dep. Agric. Tech. Bull. 1584.
3. Hamm, J. J., and M. Shapiro. 1992. Infectivity of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) nuclear polyhedrosis virus enhanced by a fluorescent brightener. J. Econ. Entomol. 85: 2149-2152.
4. LeOra Software. 1987. POLO-PC. A user's guide to probit or Logitt analysis. LeOra Software, Berkeley, CA.
5. Shapiro, M., and J. L. Vaughn. 1995. Enhancement in activity of homologous and heterologous baculoviruses infectious to cotton bollworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by an optical brightener. J. Econ. Entomol. 88: 265-269.
6. Shapiro, M., J. J. Hamm, and E. M. Dongherty. 1992. Composition and methods for biocontrol using fluorescent brighteners. U.S. patent 5,124,149.
7. Steel, R. G., and J. H. Torrie. 1960. Principles and procedures of statistics. McGraw-Hill, New York.
8. Villaume, F. G. 1958. Optical brighteners in soaps and detergents. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 35: 558-566.
9. Webb, R. E., N. H. Dill, J. D. Podgwaite, M. Shapiro, R. L. Ridgway, J. L. Vaughn, L. Venables, and R. J. Argauer. 1994a. Control of third/fourth instar gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) larvae with Gypchek combined with a stilbene disulfonic acid additive on individual shade trees. J. Entomol. Sci. 29: 82-91.
10. Webb, R. E., M. Shapiro, J. D. Podgwaite, R. L. Ridgway, L. Venables, G. B. White, R. J. Argauer, D. L. Cohen, J. Witcosky, K. M. Kester, and K. W. Thorpe. 1994b. The effect of optical brighteners on the efficacy of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Nuclear polyhedrosis virus in forest plots with high or low levels of natural virus. J. Econ. Entomol. 87: 134-143.
11. White, C. E., and R. J. Argauer. 1970. Fluorescence analysis, a practical approach. Marcel Dekker, New York.