Multitrophic interactions and management of the diamondback moth: A review

Bulletin of Entomological Research

Volumn 86, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 205-216

  Verkerk, Robert H J ^a   Wright, Denis J ^a  

^a IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LEPIDOPTERA; PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA; YPONOMEUTIDAE;

EID: 0001363046     PISSN: 00074853     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/s0007485300052482     Document Type: Review

References (118)

1. Abbas, M.S.T. (1988) Biological and ecological studies on Diade - gma semiclausum Hellén (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a larval parasite of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae) in Egypt. Anzeiger für Schadlingskunde Pflanzenschutz, Unweltschutz 61, 1-2.
2. Abdul Kadir, H.B. (1992) Potential of several baculoviruses for the control of diamondback moth and Crocidolomia binotalis on cabbages, pp. 185-192 in Talekar, N.S. (Ed.) Diamondback moth and other crucifer pests: proceedings of the second international workshop, Tainan, Taiwan, 10-14 December, 1990. Shanhua, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center.
3. Abdul Kadir, H.B. & Payne, C.C. (1989) Relationship of Plutella xylostella nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) to NPV of Galleria mellonella. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 53, 113-116.
4. Abro, G.H. (1985) Varietal resistance and insecticide efficacy against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. 159 pp. PhD Thesis, University of London.
5. Abro, G.H. & Wright, D.J. (1989) Host plant preference and the influence of different cabbage cultivars on the toxicity of abamectin and cypermethrin against Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae). Annals of Applied Biology 115, 481-487.
6. Andrews, K.L. (1984) Plutella: su reconocimiento y control. El manejo integrado de plagas invertebradas en cultives agronomicos, horticolas y frutales en la Escuela Agricola Panamericana. Zamorana, Honduras 11, 37-38.
7. Beck, N.G. & Cameron, P.J. (1990) Comparison of lepidopteran pest populations and their parasitoids in three vegetable brassicas. pp. 21-25 in Proceedings of the 43rd New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference. Palmerston North, New Zealand, NZ Weed and Pest Control Society.
8. Biever, K.D., Hostetter, D.L. & Kern, J.R. (1994) Evolution and implementation of a biological control-IPM system for crucifers: 24-year case history. American Entomologist 40, 103-108.
9. Bryant, J.E. (1994) Application strategies for Bacillus thuringiensis. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 49, 65-75.
10. Chew, F.S. (1977) Coevolution of pierid butterflies and their cruciferous food plants. II. The distribution of eggs on potential food plants. Evolution 31, 568-579.
11. Chiu, S.C. & Chien, C.C. (1972) Observations on Apanteles plutellae Kurdjumov, a larval parasite of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella Linnaeus). Plant Protection Bulletin of Taiwan 14, 145-152.
12. Chow, Y.S. (1992) Disruption effect of the synthetic sex pheromone and its analogues on diamondback moth, pp. 105-108 in Talekar, N.S. (Ed.) Diamondback moth and other crucifer pests: proceedings of the second international workshop, 10-14 December, 1990, Tainan, Taiwan. Shanhua, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center.
13. Chua, T.H. & Ooi, P.A.C. (1986) Evaluation of three parasites in the biological control of diamondback moth in the Cameron Highlands, Malaysia, pp. 173-184 in Talekar, N.S. (Ed.) Diamondback moth management: proceedings of the first international workshop. 11-15 March, 1985, Tainan, Taiwan. Shanhua, Taiwan, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center.
14. Davis, A.J. (1987) Effects of experiences and kairomones on searching behaviour of Diadegma eucerophaga (Ichneumonidae) for Plutella xylostella (Plutellidae) on Brassica plants. Medelingen van de Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen. Rijksuniversiteit, Gent 52, 403-411.
15. Dickson, M.H. & Eckenrode, C.J. (1975) Variation in Brassica oleracea resistance to cabbage looper and imported cabbage worm in the greenhouse and field. Journal of Economic Entomology 68, 757-760.
16. Dickson, M.H. & Eckenrode, C.J. (1980) Breeding for resistance in cabbage and cauliflower to cabbage looper, imported cabbageworm and diamondback moth. Journal of the American Society of Horticultural Science 105, 782-785.
17. Dickson, M.H., Eckenrode, C.J. & Lin, J. (1992) Breeding for diamondback moth resistance in Brassica oleracea, pp. 137-143 in Talekar, N.S. (Ed.) Diamondback moth and other crucifer pests: proceedings of the second international workshop, 10-14 December, 1990, Tainan, Taiwan. Shanhua, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center.
18. Dickson, M.H., Shelton, A.M., Eigenbrode, S.D., Vamosy, M.L. & Mora, M. (1990) Breeding for resistance to diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, in cabbage. HortScience 25, 1643-1646.
19. Eigenbrode, S.D. & Shelton, A.M. (1992) Resistance to diamondback moth in Brassica: Mechanisms and potential for resistant cultivars, pp. 65-74 in Talekar, N.S. (Ed.) Diamondback moth and other crucifer pests: proceedings of the second international workshop, 10-14 December, 1990, Tainan, Taiwan. Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center.
20. Eigenbrode, S.D., Shelton, A.M. & Dickson, M.H. (1990) Two types of resistance to the diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in cabbage. Environmental Entomology 19, 1086-1090.
21. Ellis, P.R. & Hardman, J.A. (1988) Investigations of the resistance of cabbage cultivars and breeders lines to insect pests at Wellesbourne, pp. 99-105 in Cavalloro, R. & Pelerents, C. (Eds) Progress on pest management in field vegetables: proceedings CEC/IOBC experts' group meetings. Rennes, 20-22 November 1985. Rotterdam, A.A. Balkema.
22. Endersby, N.M. & Morgan, W.C. (1991) Alternatives to synthetic chemical insecticides for use in crucifer crops. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture 8, 33-52.
23. Endersby, N.M., Morgan, W.C., Stevenson, B. & Waters, C.T. (1992) Alternatives to regular insecticide applications for control of lepidopterous pests of Brassica oleracea var. capitaia. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture 8, 189-203.
24. Fan, S.H. & Ho, K.K. (1971) A preliminary study on the life history of Apanteles plutellae Kurdj. and the effects of different insecticides to it. Plant Protection Bulletin of Taiwan 13, 156-161.
25. Feeny, P. (1976) Plant apparency and chemical defense, pp. 1-40 in Wallace, J.W. & Mansell, R.L. (Eds) Biochemical interaction between plants and insects. New York, Plenum Press.
26. Feeny, P. (1977) Defensive ecology of the Cruciferae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 64, 221-234.
27. Feeny, P. (1983) Co-evolution in plants and insects, pp. 167-185 in Whitehead, D.L. & Bowers, W.S. (Eds) Natural products for innovative pest management. New York, Pergamon Press.
28. Fitton, M. & Walker, A. (1992) Hymenopterous parasitoids associated with diamondback moth: the taxonomic dilemma. pp. 225-232 in Talekar, N.S. (Ed.) Diamondback moth and other crucifer pests: proceedings of the second international workshop. 10-14 Dec. 1990, Tainan, Taiwan. Taipei, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center.
29. Fox, L.R., Letourneau, D.K., Eisenbach, J. & Van Nouhuys, S. (1990) Parasitism rates and sex ratios of a parasitoid wasp: effects of herbivore and plant quality. Oecologia 83, 414-419.
30. Furlong, M.J. (1993) Studies on acylurea resistance in diamondback moth and effects of teflubenzuron on two larval parasitoids. 146 pp. PhD Thesis, University of London.
31. Furlong, M.J. & Pell, J.K. (1994) The development of a novel strategy for the control of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) using sex pheromones and the fungus Zoophthora radicans (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) pp. 397-398 in Rajan, A. & Ibrahim, Y.B. (Eds) Plant protection in the tropics: proceedings of the fourth international conference on plant protection in the tropics. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Plant Protection Society.
32. Furlong, M.J. & Wright, D.J. (1993) Effect of the acylurea insect growth regulator teflubenzuron on the endo-larval stages of the hymenopteran parasitoids Cotesia plutellae and Diadegma semiclausum in a susceptible and an acylurea-resistant strain of Plutella xylostella. Pesticide Science 39, 305-312.
33. Furlong, M.J. & Wright, D.J. (1994) Examination of stability of resistance and cross-resistance patterns to acylurea insect growth regulators in field populations of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, from Malaysia. Pesticide Science 42, 315-326.
34. Furlong, M.J., Verkerk, R.H.J. & Wright, D.J. (1994) Differential effects of the acylurea insect growth regulator teflubenzuron on the adults of two endolarval parasitoids of Plutella xylostella, Cotesia plutellae and Diadegma semiclausum. Pesticide Science 41, 359-364.
35. Gupta, P.D. & Thornsteinson, A.J. (1960) Food plant relationships of the diamondback moth (Plutella maculipennis (Curt.)) II. Sensory relationship of oviposition of the adult female. Entomologia Experimentales et Applicata 3, 305-314.
36. Happe, M., Kirchoff, K., Wassenger-Wittlich, G. & Madel, M. (1988) The biology of the parasitic wasp Diadegma semiclausum Hellén (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and its host Plutella xylostella Curtis (Lepidoptera; Yponomeutidae). Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie 6, 146-149.
37. Hardy, J.E. (1938) Plutella maculipennis Curt., its natural and biological control in England. Bulletin of Entomological Research 29, 343-372.
38. Hillyer, R.J. & Thorsteinson, A.J. (1969) The influence of the host plant or males on ovarian development or oviposition in the diamondback moth Plutella maculipennis (Curt.). Canadian Entomologist 47, 805-816.
39. Ho, T.H. (1965) The life-history and control of the diamondback moth in Malaya: Bulletin No. 118. 26pp. Malaysia, Division of Agriculture.
40. Holling, C.S. (1959) Some characteristics of simple types of predation and parasitism. Canadian Entomologist 91, 385-398.
41. Iqbal, M., Verkerk, R.H.J., Furlong, M.J., Ong, P-C., Syed, A.R. & Wright, D.J. (1995) Evidence for resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) subsp. Kurstaki HD-1, Bt subsp. aizawai and abamectin in field populations of the diamondback moth from Malaysia. Pesticide Science (in press).
42. Jangi, M.S., Ibrahim, A.G., Liau, S.S., Lim, G-S., Lim, G.T., Mohamed, M.S. & Ooi, P.A.C. (1991) Biological control in Malaysia: insects and other pests. 110 pp. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute.
43. Jusoh, M.Md., Loke, W.H., Syed, A.R. & Tyre, M. (Eds) (1992) Training manual on integrated pest management of diamondback moth on cabbage in Malaysia. 68 pp. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute.
44. Kartosuwondo, U. & Sunjaya (1991) Potential role of wild crucifers in the preservation of Diadegma eucerophaga Horst. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a parasite of diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Biotropica 4, 31-40.
45. Keinsmeesuke, P., Vattanatangum, A., Sarnthou, O., Sayampol, B., Miyata, T., Saito, T., Nakasuki, F. & Sinchaisri, N. (1992) Life table of diamondback moth and its egg parasite Trichogrammatoidea bactrae in Thailand, pp. 309-315 in Talekar, N.S. (Ed.) Diamondback moth and other crucifer pests: proceedings of the second international workshop, 10-14 December, 1990, Tainan, Taiwan. Shanhua, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center.
46. Klemm, U. & Schmutterer, H. (1993) Effects of neem preparations on Plutella xylostella L. and its natural enemies of the genus Trichogramma. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz 100, 113-128.
47. Legaspi, B.A.C. Jr. (1984) A comparative study of the foraging behaviour of two species of Diadegma (Hymenoptera: Iehneu-monidae) attacking the diamond-back moth. 285 pp. PhD Thesis, University of London.
48. Legaspi, B.A.C. Jr. (1986) Host discrimination in two species of ichneumonid wasps, Diadegma spp., attacking larvae of Plutella xylostella. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 41, 79-82.
49. Lim, G-S. (1986) Biological control of diamondback moth, pp. 159-172 in Talekar, N.S. & Griggs, T.D. (Eds) Diamondback moth management: proceedings of the first international workshop, 11-15 March, 1985, Tainan, Taiwan. Shanhua, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center.
50. Lim, G-S. (1982) The biology and effects of parasites on the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. 317 pp. PhD Thesis, University of London.
51. Lim, G-S. (1992) Integrated pest management of diamondback moth: practical realities, pp. 565-576 in Talekar, N.S. (Ed.) Diamondback moth and other crucifer pests: proceedings of the second international workshop, 10-14 December, 1990, Tainan, Taiwan. Shanhua, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center.
52. Lim, G-S. & Ko, W.W. (1975) Apanteles plutellae Kurdj., a newly recorded parasite of Plutella xylostella (L.) in Malaysia. MARDI Research Bulletin 3, 94-95.
53. Lim, G-S. & Yusoh, M.R. (1992) Cotesia plutellae: importance, biology and mass rearing, pp. 15-23 in Jusoh, M.Md., Loke, W.H., Syed, A.R. & Tyre, M. (Eds) Training manual on integrated pest management of diamondback moth on cabbage in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute.
54. Lin, J., Eckenrode, C.J. & Dickson, M.H. (1983) Variation in Brassica oleracea resistance to diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 76, 1423-1427.
55. Lloyd, D.C. (1940) Host selection by hymenopteran parasites of the moth Plutella maculipennis. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London (B) 128, 451-484.
56. Loke, W.H., Lim, G-S., Syed, A.R., Adbdul Aziz, A.M., Rani, M.Y., Jusoh, M.Md., Chea, U.B. & Fauziah, I. (1992) Management of diamondback moth in Malaysia: Development, implementation and impact. pp. 529-539 in Talekar, N.S. (Ed.) Diamondback moth and other crucifer pests: proceedings of the second international workshop, 10-14 Dec., 1990, Tainan, Taiwan. Taipei, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center.
57. Louda, S.M. (1986) Insect herbivory in response to root cutting and flooding stress on a native crucifer under field conditions. Acta Oecologica Generalis 7, 37-53.
58. Maa, C.J.W., Chen, Y.W., Ying, Y.J. & Chow, Y.S. (1987) Effect of environmental factors on male adult catch by synthetic female sex pheromone trap of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, in Taiwan. Bulletin of the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica 26, 257-269.
59. May, R.M. & Hassell, M.P. (1981) The dynamics of multiparasitoid-host interactions. American Naturalist 117, 234-261.
60. McCloskey, C. & Isman, M.B. (1993) Influence of foliar glucosinolates in oilseed rape and mustard on feeding and growth of the Bertha armyworm, Mamestra configura Walker. Journal of Chemical Ecology 19, 249-266.
61. McGaughey, W.H. (1994) Problems of insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 49, 95-102.
62. Morallo-Rejesus, B. (1986) Botanical insecticides against the diamondback moth, pp. 241-255 in Talekar, N.S. & Griggs, T.D. (Eds) Diamondback moth management: proceedings of the first international workshop, 11-15 March, 1985, Tainan, Taiwan. Shanhua, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center.
63. Muniappan, R. & Marutani, M. (1992) Pest management for head cabbage production on Guam, pp. 541-549 in Talekar, N.S. (Ed.) Diamondback moth and other crucifer pests: proceedings of the second international workshop, 10-14, December, 1990, Tainan, Taiwan. Shanhua, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center.
64. Mustata, G. (1992) Role of parasitoid complex in limiting the population of diamondback moth in Moldovia, Romania, pp. 203-212 in Talekar, N.S. (Ed.) Diamondback moth and other crucifer pests: proceedings of the second international workshop, 10-14 December, 1990, Tainan, Taiwan. Shanhua, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center.
65. Nayar, J.K. & Thornsteinson, A.J. (1963) Further investigations into the chemical basis of insect-host plant relationships in an oligophagous insect, Plutella maculipennis (Curt.). Canadian Journal of Zoology 41, 923-929.
66. Nemoto, H. (1993) Mechanism of resurgence of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae). Japanese Agricultural Research Quarterly 27, 27-32.
67. Nemoto, H., Yano, E. & Kiritani, K. (1992) Pheromonal control of diamondback moth in the management of crucifer pests, pp. 91-97 in Talekar, N.S. (Ed.) Diamondback moth and other crucifer pests: proceedings of the second international workshop, 10-14 December, 1990, Tainan, Taiwan. Shanhua, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center.
68. Ohbayashi, N., Shimizu, K. & Nagata, K. (1992) Control of diamondback moth using synthetic sex pheromones, pp. 99-104 in Talekar, N.S. (Ed.) Diamondback moth and other crucifer pests: proceedings of the second international workshop, 10-14 December, 1990, Tainan, Taiwan. Shanhua, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center.
69. Ohno, T., Asayama, T. & Ichikawa, K. (1992) Evaluation of communication disruption method using synthetic sex pheromone to suppress diamondback moth infestations, pp. 109-115 in Talekar, N.S. (Ed.) Diamondback moth and other crucifer pests: proceedings of the second international workshop, 10-14 December, 1990, Tainan, Taiwan. Shanhua, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center.
70. Ooi, P.A.C. (1979) Hyperparasites of Apanteles plutellae Kurdj. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. Malaysian Agricultural Journal 52, 77-84.
71. Ooi, P.A.C. (1980) Laboratory studies of Diadegma eucerophaga (Hym.: Ichneumonidae), a parasite introduced to control Plutella xylostella (Lep.: Yponomeutidae) in Malaysia. Entomophaga 25, 249-259.
72. Ooi, P.A.C. (1986) Diamondback moth in Malaysia, pp. 25-34 in Talekar, N.S. & Griggs, T.D. (Eds) Diamondback moth management: proceedings of the first international workshop, 11-15 March, 1985, Tainan, Taiwan. Shanhua, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center.
73. Ooi, P.A.C. (1988) Laboratory studies of Tetrastichus sokolowski. Entomophaga 33, 145-152.
74. Ooi, P.A.C. (1992) Role of parasitoids in managing diamondback moth in the Cameron Highlands, Malaysia, pp. 255-262 in Talekar, N.S. (Ed.) Diamondback moth and other crucifer pests: proceedings of the second international workshop, 10-14 December, 1990, Tainan, Taiwan. Shanhua, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center.
75. Pell, J.K., Wilding, N., Player, A.L. & Clark, S.J. (1993) Selection of an isolate of Zoophthora radicans (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) for biocontrol of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 61, 75-80.
76. Pla, D.A. (1982) New food-plant of Plutella maculipennis Lepidoptera: Plutellidae. Ciencia y Tecnica en la Agricultura 5, 48-53.
77. Poelking, A. (1992) Diamondback moth in the Philippines and its control with Diadegma semiclausum pp. 271-278 in Talekar, N.S. (Ed.) Diamondback moth and other crucifer pests: proceedings of the second international workshop, 10-14 December, 1990, Tainan, Taiwan. Shanhua, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center.
78. Price, P.W. (1986) Ecological aspects of host plant resistance and biological control: interactions among three trophic levels, pp. 11-30 in Boethel, D.J. & Eikenbary, R.D. (Eds) Interactions of Plant Resistance and Parasitoids and Predators of Insects. Chichester, UK, Ellis Horwood Ltd.
79. Radcliffe, E.B. & Chapman, R.K. (1960) Varietal resistance to insect attack in various cruciferous crops. Journal of Economic Entomology 59, 120-125.
80. Rahn, R. (1988) Detection of movements of oligophagous Lepidoptera between host plant sowings by means of sexual traps with specific reference to Plutella xylostella and Brassica species, in Cavallaro, R. & Pelerents, C. (Eds) Progress on Pest Management in Field Vegetables: proceedings of the CEC/IOBC Experts' Group Meeting, Rennes, 20-22 November, 1985. Rotterdam, A.A. Balkema.
81. Rai, J.P.N. & Tripathi, R.S. (1985) Effect of herbivory by the slug, Marialla dussumieri, and certain insects on growth a competitive success of two sympatric annual weeds. Agricultural Ecosystems and Environment 13, 125-137.
82. Reed, D.W., Pivnick, K.A. & Underbill, E.W. (1989) Identification of chemical oviposition stimulants for the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, present in three species of Brassicae. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 53, 277-286.
83. Renwick, J.A.A., Raadke, C.D., Sachdev-Gupta, K. & Stadler, E. (1992) Leaf surface chemicals stimulating oviposition by Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) on cabbage. Chemoecology 3, 33-38.
84. Robinson, R.A. (1991) The controversy concerning vertical and horizontal resistance. Revista Mexicana de Fitopatologia 9, 57-63.
85. Rowell, B., Jeerakan, A. & Wimol, S. (1992) Crucifer seed crop pests, parasites and the potential for IPM in northern Thailand, pp. 551-563 in Talekar, N.S. (Ed.) Diamondback moth and other crucifer pests: proceedings of the second international workshop, 10-14 December, 1990, Tainan, Taiwan. Shanhua, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center.
86. Rushtapakornchai, W., Vattanatangum, A. & Saito, T. (1992) Development and implementation of the yellow sticky trap for diamondback moth control in Thailand, pp. 523-528 in Talekar, N.S. (Ed.) Diamondback moth and other crucifer pests: proceedings of the second international workshop, 10-14 December, 1990, Tainan, Taiwan. Shanhua, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center.
87. Schalk, J.M., Shephard, B.M. & Stoner, K.A. (1993) Response of caterpillar pests and the parasite Diadegma insulare to collard cultivars and a pyrethrin insecticide. Horticultural Science 28, 308-310.
88. Shelton, A.M., Hoy, C.W., North, R.C., Dickson, M.H. & Barnard, J. (1988) Analysis of resistance in cabbage varieties to damage by Lepidoptera and Thysanoptera. Journal of Economic Entomology 81, 634-640.
89. Shelton, A.M., Robertson, J.L., Tang, J.D., Perez, C., Eigenbrode, S.D., Preisler, H.K., Wilsey, W.T. & Cooley, R.J. (1993a) Resistance of diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies in the field. Journal of Economic Entomology 86, 697-705.
90. Shelton, A.M., Wyman, J.A., Cushing, N.L., Apfelbeck, K., Dennehy, T.J., Mahr, S.E.R. & Eigenbrode, S.D. (1993b) Insecticide resistance of diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in North America. Journal of Economic Entomology 86, 11-19.
91. Siemonsma, J.S. & Kasem Piluek (Eds) (1993) Plant resources of South-East Asia: no. 8 - vegetables. 415 pp. Wageningen, Pudoc Scientific Publishers.
92. Srinivasan, K. & Krishna Moorthy, P.N. (1991) Indian mustard as a trap crop for management of major lepidopterous pests on cabbage. Tropical Pest Management 37, 26-32.
93. Stoner, K.A. (1990) Glossy leaf wax and plant resistance to insects in Brassica oleracea under natural infestation. Environmental Entomology 19, 730-739.
94. Syed, A.R. (1992a) Insecticide resistance in diamondback moth in Malaysia, pp. 437-442 in Talekar, N.S. (Ed.) Diamondback moth and other crucifer pests: proceedings of the second international workshop, 10-14 December, 1990, Tainan, Taiwan. Shanhua, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center.
95. Syed A.R. (1992b) Biology and mass rearing of Diadegma semiclausum and Diadromus collaris. pp. 25-32 in Jusoh, M.Md., Loke, W.H., Syed, A.R. & Tyre, M. (Eds) Training manual on integrated pest management of diamondback moth in cabbage in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute.
96. Syed, A.R. & Loke, W.H. (1995) Development and challenges in the pest management of vegetables: seminar on development and challenges in pest management in Malaysia, 28 March 1995, Air Keroh, Melaka. 33 pp. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute and Malaysian Plant Protection Society.
97. Tabashnik, B.E. (1994) Evolution of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis. Annual Review of Entomology 39, 47-79.
98. Tabashnik, B.E., Cushing, N.L., Finson, N. & Johnson, M.W. (1990) Field development of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 83, 1671-1676.
99. Talekar, N.S. (Ed.) (1992) Diamondback moth and other crucifer pests: proceedings of the second international workshop, 11-15 December, 1990, Tainan, Taiwan. 603 pp. Shanhua, Taiwan, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center.
100. Talekar, N.S. & Griggs, T.D. (Eds) (1986) Diamondback moth management: proceedings 1st international workshop, 11-15 March 1985, Tainan, Taiwan. 471 pp. Shanhua, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center.
101. Talekar, N.S., Lee, S.T. & Huang, S.W. (1986) Intercropping and modification of irrigation method for the control of diamondback moth, pp. 145-151 in Talakar, N.S. & Griggs, T.D. (Eds) Diamondback moth management: proceedings of the first international workshop, 11-15 March 1985, Tainan, Taiwan. Shanhua, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center.
102. Talekar, N.S. & Yang, J.C. (1991) Characteristics of parasitism of diamondback moth by two larval parasites. Entomophaga 36, 95-104.
103. Talekar, N.S. & Yang, J.C. (1993) Influence of crucifer cropping system on the parasitism of Plutella xylostella (Lep., Yponomeutidae) by Cotesia plutellae (Hym., Braconidae) and Diadegama semiclausum (Hym., Ichneumonidae). Entomophaga 38, 541-550.
104. Talekar, N.S., Yang, J.C. & Lee, S.T. (1992) Introduction of Diadegma semiclausum to control diamondback moth in Taiwan, pp. 263-270 in Talekar, N.S. (Ed.) Diamondback moth and other crucifer pests: proceedings of the second international workshop, 10-14 December, 1990, Tainan, Taiwan. Shanhua, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center.
105. Thornsteinson, A.J. (1953) The chemotactic responses that determine host specificity in an oligophagous insect (Plutella maculipennis (Curt.) Lepidoptera). Canadian Journal of Zoology 31, 52-72.
106. Traynier, R.M.M. & Truscott, J.W. (1991) Potent natural egg-laying stimulant for cabbage butterfly Pieris rapae. Journal of Chemical Ecology 17, 1371-1380.
107. VanEtten, C.H., Daxenbichler, M.E., Williams, P.H. & Kwolek, W.F. (1976) Glucosinolates and derived products in cruciferous vegetables. Analysis of the edible part from twenty-two varieties of cabbage. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 24, 452-455.
108. VanEtten, C.H. & Tookey, H.L. (1979) Chemistry and biological effects of glucosinolates. pp. 471-501 in Rosenthal, G.A. & Janzen, D.H. (Eds) Herbivores: their interaction with secondary plant metabolites. New York, Academic Press.
109. van Loon, J.J.A., Blaakmeer, A., Griepink, F.C., van Beek, T.A., Schoonhoven, L.M. & de Groot, A. (1992) Leaf surface compound from Brassicae oleracea (Cruciferae) induces oviposition by Pieris brassicae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Chemoecology 3, 39-44.
110. Varley, G.C., Gradwell, G.R. & Hassell, M.P. (1974) Interpretation of winter moth life tables. pp. 10-32 in Insect population ecology -an analytical approach. Berkeley, University of California Press.
111. Venkatraman, T.V. (1964) Experimental studies on superparasitism and multiparasitism in Horogenes cerophaga (Grav.) and Hymenobosmina rapi (Cam.), the larval parasites of Plutella maculipennis (Curt.). Indian Journal of Entomology 26, 1-32.
112. Verkerk, R.H.J. (1995) Studies on interactions between diamondback moth, host plants, endolarval parasitoids and selective toxicants. 244 pp. PhD Thesis, University of London.
113. Verkerk, R.H.J. & Wright, D.J. (1993) Biological activity of neem seed kernel extracts and pure azadirachtin against larvae of Plutella xylostella L. Pesticide Science 37, 83-91.
114. Verkerk, R.H.J. & Wright, D.J. (1994a) Interactions between the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. and glasshouse and outdoor-grown cabbages. Annals of Applied Biology 125, 477-488.
115. Verkerk, R.H.J. & Wright, D.J. (1994b) The potential for induced extrinsic host plant resistance in IRM strategies targeting the diamondback moth. pp. 457-462 in Proceedings Brighton Crop Protection Conference: Pests and Diseases - 1994. Farnham, British Crop Protection Council.
116. Vet, L.E.M. & Dicke, M. (1992) Ecology of infochemical use by natural enemies in a tritrophic context. Annual Review of Entomology 37, 141-172.
117. Wakisada, S., Tsukuda, R. & Nakasuki, F. (1992) Effects of natural enemies, rainfall, temperature and host plants on survival and reproduction of the diamondback moth, pp. 15-26 in Talekar, N.S. (Ed.) Diamondback moth and other crucifer pests: proceedings of the second international workshop, 10-14 December, 1990, Tainan, Taiwan. Shanhua, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center.
118. Wright, D.J. & Verkerk, R.H.J. (1995) Integration of chemical and biological control systems for arthropods: evaluation in a multitrophic context. Pesticide Science 44, 207-218.