Test of the dual pathway model of bulimia nervosa: Evidence for dietary restraint and affect regulation mechanisms

Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology

Volumn 15, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 340-363

  Stice, Eric ^a,b   Nemeroff, Carol ^c   Shaw, Heather E ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001346062     PISSN: 07367236     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1521/jscp.1996.15.3.340     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 411-423.
2. Attie, I., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (1989). Development of eating problems in adolescent girls: A longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 25, 70-79.
3. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. M., & Garbin, M. G. (1988). Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: 25 years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review, 8, 77-100.
4. Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238-246.
5. Bentler, P. M. (1992). EQS: Structural equations program manual. Los Angeles: BMDP Statistical Software.
6. Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588-606.
7. Bollen, K. A. (1989a). A new incremental fit index for general structural equation models. Sociological Methods and Research, 17, 303-316.
8. Bollen, K. A. (1989b). Structural equations with latent variables. New York: Wiley & Sons.
9. Bond, A., & Lader, M. (1974). The use of analog scales in rating subjective feelings. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 47, 211-218.
10. Butters, J. W., & Cash, T. F. (1987). Cognitive behavioral treatment of women's body image dissatisfaction. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 889-897.
11. Button, E.J., & Whitehouse, A. (1981). Subclinical anorexia nervosa. Psychological Medicine, 11, 509-516.
12. Casper, R. C., Hedeker, D., & McClough, J. F. (1992). Personality dimensions in eating disorders and their relevance for subtyping. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, 830-840.
13. Chiodo, J., & Latimer, P. R. (1983). Vomiting as a learned weight-control technique in bulimia. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 14, 131-135.
14. Cools, J., Schotte, D. E., & McNally, R. J. (1992). Emotional arousal and overeating in restrained eaters. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, 348-351.
15. Costanzo, P. R., & Woody, E. Z. (1984). Parental perspectives on obesity in children: The importance of sex differences. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 2, 305-313.
16. Crandall, C. S. (1988). Social contagion of binge eating. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 588-598.
17. Crandall, C. S. (1994). Prejudice against fat people: Ideology and self-interest. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 882-894.
18. Davis, R., Freeman, R. J., & Garner, D. M. (1988). A naturalistic investigation of eating behavior in bulimia nervosa. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 273-279.
19. Dykens, E. M., & Gerrard, M. (1986). Psychology profiles of purging bulimics, repeat dieters, and controls. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 283-288.
20. Fabian, L. J., & Thompson, J. K. (1989). Body image and eating disturbance in young females. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 8, 63-74
21. Fairburn, C. G., & Cooper, P. J. (1984). Binge-eating, self-induced vomiting and laxative abuse: A community study. Psychological Medicine, 14, 401-410.
22. Franklin, J. S., Schiele, B. C., Brozek, J., & Keys, A. (1948). Observations on human behavior in experimental starvation and rehabilitation. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 4, 28-45.
23. Franzoi, S. L., & Shields, S. A. (1984). The body esteem scale: Multidimensional structure and sex differences in a college population. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48, 173-178.
24. Garner, D. M., Garfinkel, P. E., Rockert, W., & Olmsted, M. P. (1987). A prospective study of eating disturbances in the ballet. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 48, 170-175.
25. Garner, D. M., Olmsted, M. P., Bohr, Y., & Garfinkel, P. (1982). The Eating Attitudes Test: Psychometric features and clinical correlates. Psychological Medicine, 12, 871-878.
26. Gleaves, D. H., Williamson, D. A., & Barker, S. E. (1993). Confirmatory factor analysis of a multidimensional model of bulimia nervosa. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 173-176.
27. Greenberg, B. R., & Harvey, P. D. (1986). The prediction of binge eating over time. Addictive Behaviors, 11, 383-388.
28. Gross, J., Rosen, J. C., Leitenberg, H. L., & Willmuth, M. E. (1986). Validity of the eating attitudes test and the eating disorders inventory in bulimia nervosa. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 875-876.
29. Hall, A., & Hay, P. J. (1991). Eating disorder patient referrals from a population region 1977-1986. Psychological Medicine, 21, 697-701.
30. Hamilton, L. H., Brooks-Gunn, J., & Warren, M. P. (1985). Sociocultural influences on eating disorders in professional female ballet dancers. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 4, 465-477.
31. Heatherton, T. F., & Baumeister, R. F. (1991). Binge eating as escape from self-awareness. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 86-108.
32. Heatherton, T. F., & Polivy, J. (1992). Chronic dieting and eating disorders: A spiral model. In J. H. Crowther, D. L., Tennenbaum, S. E. Hobfold, & M. A. Parris (Eds.), The etiology of bulimia nervosa: The individual and familial context. Washington, DC: Hemisphere.
33. Herman, C. P., & Mack, D. (1975). Restrained and unrestrained eating. Journal of Personality, 43, 647-660.
34. Hoyle, R. H., & Smith, G. T. (1994). Formulating clinical research hypotheses as structural equation models: A conceptual overview. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 429-440.
35. Irving, L. M. (1990). Mirror images: Effects of the standard of beauty on the self- and body-esteem of women exhibiting varying levels of bulimic symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 9, 230-242.
36. Jansen, A., van den Hout, M., & Griez, E. (1990). Clinical and non-clinical binges. Behavior, Research, and Therapy, 28, 439-444.
37. Johnson, C., & Conners, M. E. (1987). The etiology and treatment of bulimia nervosa: A biopsychosocial perspective. New York: Basic Books.
38. Kendler, K. S., MacLean, C., Neale, M., Kessler, R., Heath, A., & Eaves, L. (1991). The genetic epidemiology of bulimia nervosa. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 1627-1637.
39. Keys, A., Brozek, J., Henschel, A., Mickelsen, O., & Taylor, H. L. (1950). The biology of human starvation. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
40. Levine, M. P., Smolak, L., & Hayden, H. (1994a). The relation of sociocultural factors to eating attitudes and behaviors among middle school girls. Journal of Early Adolescence, 14, 471-490.
41. Levine, M. P., Smolak, L., Moodey, A. F., Shuman, M. D., & Hessen, L. D. (1994b). Normative developmental challenges, dieting, and eating disturbances in middle school girls. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 15, 11-20.
42. Leon, G. R., Fulkerson, J. A., Perry, C. L., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Personality and behavioral vulnerabilities associated with risk status for eating disorders in adolescent girls. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 438-444.
43. Leon, G. R., Fulkerson, J. A., Perry, C. L., & Early-Zald, M. B. (1995). Prospective analysis of personality and behavioral vulnerabilities and gender influences in the later development of disordered eating. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104, 140-149.
44. Lingswiler, V. M., Crowther, J. H., & Stephens, M. A. P. (1989). Affective and cognitive antecedents to eating episodes in bulimia and binge eating. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 8, 533-539.
45. MacCallum, R. (1986). Specification searches in covariance structural modeling. Psychological Bulletin, 100, 107-120.
46. MacCallum, R. C., Roznowski, M., & Necowitz, L. B. (1992). Model modifications in covariance structural analysis: The problem of capitalization on chance. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 490-504.
47. Marchi, M., & Cohen, P. (1990). Early childhood eating behavior and adolescent eating disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, 112-117.
48. Mintz, L. B., & Betz, N. E. (1988). Prevalence and correlates of eating disordered behaviors among undergraduate women. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 35, 463-471.
49. Mitchell, J. E., Hatsukami, D., Eckert, E. D., & Pyle, R. L. (1985). Characteristics of 275 patients with bulimia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 142, 482-485.
50. Mitchell, J. E., Hatsukami, D., Pyle, R. L., & Eckert, E. D. (1986). The bulimia syndrome: Course of the illness and associated problems. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 27, 165-179.
51. Patton, G. C. (1988). The spectrum of eating disorder in adolescence. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 32, 579-584.
52. Patton, G. C., Johnson-Sabine, E., Wood, K., Mann, A. H., & Wakeling, A. (1990). Abnormal eating attitudes in London schoolgirls - prospective epidemiological study: Outcome at twelve month follow-up. Psychological Medicine, 20, 383-394.
53. Pike, K. M., & Rodin, J. (1991). Mothers, daughters, and disordered eating. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 198-204.
54. Polivy, J., & Herman, C. P. (1985). Dieting and binging: A causal analysis. American Psychologist, 40, 193-204.
55. Polivy, J., Herman, C. P., & McFarlane, T. (1994a). Effects of anxiety on eating: Does palatability moderate distress-induced overeating in dieters? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 505-510.
56. Polivy, J., Zeitlin, S. B., Herman, C. P., & Beal, A. L. (1994b). Food restriction and binge eating: A study of former prisoners of war. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 409-411.
57. Pyle, R. L., Halvorson, P. A., Neuman, P. A. , & Mitchell, J. E. (1986). The increasing prevalence of bulimia in freshman college students. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 5, 631-647.
58. Pyle, R. L., Mitchell, J. E., & Eckert, E. D. (1981). Bulimia: A report of 34 cases. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 42, 60-64.
59. Rand, C. S. W., & Kuldau, J. M. (1992). Epidemiology of bulimia and symptoms in a general population: Sex, age, race, and socioeconomic status. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 11, 37-44.
60. Rosen, J. C., Gross J., & Vara, L. (1987). Psychological adjustment of adolescents attempting to lose or gain weight. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 742-747.
61. Rosen, J. C., Tacy, B., & Howell, D. (1990). Life stress, psychological symptoms and weight reducing behavior in adolescent girls: A prospective study. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 9, 17-26.
62. Ruderman, A. J., & Besbeas, M. (1992). Psychological characteristics of dieters and bulimics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, 383-390.
63. Schupak-Neuberg, E., & Nemeroff, C. (1993). Disturbances in identity and self-regulation in bulimia nervosa: Implications for a metaphorical perspective of "body as self." International Journal of Eating Disorders, 13, 335-347.
64. Shisslak, C. M., Pazda, S. L., & Crago, M. (1990). Body weight and bulimia as descriptors of psychological characteristics among anorexic, bulimic, and obese women. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99, 380-384.
65. Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. In S. Leinhart (Ed.), Sociological Methodology. Washington, DC: American Sociological Association.
66. Steinberg, S., Tobin, D., & Johnson, C. (1990). The role of bulimic behaviors in affect regulation: Different functions for different patient subgroups? International Journal of Eating Disorders, 9, 51-55.
67. Stice, E. (1994). A review of the evidence for a sociocultural model of bulimia nervosa and an exploration of the mechanisms of action. Clinical Psychology Review, 14, 633-661.
68. Stice, E., Ozer, S., & Kees, M. (1995). Relation of dietary restraint to bulimic symptomatology: The effects of the criterion confounding of the restraint scale. Manuscript under review.
69. Stice, E., Schupak-Neuberg, E., Shaw, H. E., & Stein, R. I. (1994). The relation of media exposure to eating disorder symptomatology: An examination of mediating mechanisms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 836-840.
70. Stice, E., & Shaw, H. E. (1994). Adverse effects of the media portrayed thin-ideal on women and linkages to bulimic symptomatology. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 13, 288-308.
71. Striegel-Moore, R. H., Silberstein, L. R., & Rodin, J. (1986). Toward an understanding of risk factors for bulimia. American Psychologist, 41, 246-263.
72. Striegel-Moore, R. H., Silberstein, L. R., Frensch, P., & Rodin, J. (1989). A prospective study of disordered eating among college students. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 8, 499-509.
73. Thelen, M., Farmer, J., Wonderlich, S., & Smith, M. (1991). A revision of the Bulimia Test: The BULIT-R. Psychological Assessment, 3, 119-124.
74. Tobin, D. L., Johnson, C., Steinberg, S., Staats, M., & Dennis, A. B. (1991). Mulitfactorial assessment of bulimia nervosa. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 14-21.
75. Van Strien, T., Frijters, J. E. R., Bergers, G. P. A., & Defares, P. B. (1986). The Dutch eating behavior questionnaire (DEBQ) for assessment of restrained, emotional, and external eating behavior. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 5, 295-315.
76. Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1992). Affects separable and inseparable: On the hierarchical arrangement of the negative affects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 489-505.
77. Whitaker, A., Johnson, J., Shaffer, D., Rapoport, J. L., Kalikow, K., Walsh, B. T., Davies, M., Braiman, S., & Dolinsky, A. (1990). Uncommon troubles in young people: Prevalence estimates of selected psychiatric disorders in a nonreferred adolescent population. Archives of General Psychiatry, 47, 487-496.
78. Williamson, D. A., Cubic, B. A., & Cleaves, D. H. (1993). Equivalence of body image disturbances in anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, '102, 177-180.
79. Williamson, D. A., Davis, C. J., Goreczny, A. J., & Blouin, D. C. (1989). Body-image disturbances in bulimia nervosa: Influences of actual body size. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 98, 97-99.
80. Wiseman, C. V., Gray, J. J., Mosimann, J. E., & Ahrens, A. H. (1992). Cultural expectations of thinness in women: An update. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 11, 85-89.