1.5μm Fluoride-based fiber amplifiers for wideband multichannel transport networks

Optical Fiber Technology

Volumn 1, Issue 2, 1995, Pages 135-157

  Clesca, B ^a   Bayart, D ^a   Beylat, J L ^a  

^a NOKIA RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001317863     PISSN: 10685200     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/ofte.1995.1004     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. M. Sotom, A. Jourdan, P. A. Perrier, and L. Bertheion, “Photonic network and node architectures for a flexible multigigabit transport network,” in Proceedings ICC’93 Workshop “Challenges of All-Optical Networks,” paper 2, 1993.
2. S. Johansson, M. Lindblom, M. Buhrgard, P. Granestrand, B. Lagerström, L. Thylén, and L. Wosinska, “Photonic switching in high capacity transport networks,” in Proceedings ISS’92, Yokohama, Japan, pp. 342-346, October 1992.
3. P. J. Chidgey, G. R. Hill, and C. Saxtoft, “Wavelength and space switched optical networks and nodes,” in Proceedings ISS’92, Yokohama, Japan, pp. 352-356, October 1992.
4. C. R. Giles and E. Desurvire, “Propagation of signal and noise in concatenated erbium-doped fiber optical amplifiers,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 9, no. 2, 147 (1991).
5. K. Kikushima and H. Yoshinaga, “AC and DC gain tilt of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier,” in Tech. Dig. Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications’93, Yokohama, Japan, paper SuE5, 1993.
6. B. Clesca, P. Bousselet, and L. Hamon, “Second-order distortion improvements or degradations brought by erbium-doped fiber amplifiers in analog links using directly-modulated lasers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 5, no. 9, 1029 (1993).
7. G. Grasso, A. Cavaciuti, G. Guidotti, N. Manfredini, F. Meli, S. Pi-ciaccia, L. Rossini, M. Brando Sanches, P. Scrivener, M. Tam-nurello, and S. Vanoli, “Fully engineered wavelength multiplexed 10 Gbit/s system over a 530 km link of SMR fibre with four optical line amplifiers,” in Tech. Dig. ECOC’94, Firenze, Italy, vol. 4, pp. 35-38, 1994.
8. E. Desurvire, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers, Principles and Applications, Wiley, New York, 1994.
9. Y. H. Cheng, N. Kagi, A. Oyobe, and K. Nakamura, “Gain competition in multichannel optical communication systems using erbium-doped fiber amplifiers,” Fiber Integrated Opt. vol. 11, 105 (1992).
10. J. W. Sulhoff, R. G. Smart, J. L. Zyskind, J. A. Nagel, and D. J. Di-Giovanni, “Gain peaking in concatenated 980-nm-pumped EDFAs,” in Tech. Dig. OFC ‘94, San Jose, CA, paper TuI5, 1994.
11. 2 Stark-level energies in Erbium-doped aluminosilicate glass fibers,” Opt. Lett., vol. 15, 547 (1990).
12. E. L. Goldstein, V. da Silva, L. Eskilden, M. Andrejco, and Y. Silberberg, “Inhomogeneously broadened fiber-amplifier cascade for wavelength-multiplexed systems,” in Tech. Dig. OFC’93, San Jose, CA, paper PD 10, 1993.
13. V. L. da Silva, Y. Silberberg, J. S. Wang, E. L. Goldstein, and M. Andrejco, “Automatic gain flattening in Er-doped fiber-amplifier,” in Tech. Dig. OFC’93, San Jose, CA, paper ThD2, 1993.
14. M. Tachibana, R. I. Laming, P. R. Morkel, and D. N. Payne, “Erbium-doped fiber amplifier with flattened gain spectrum,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 3, no. 2, 118 (1991).
15. A. Yu, and M. J. O’Mahony, “Analysis of optical gain and noise spectral properties of erbium-doped fibre amplifier cascade,” in Tech. Dig. Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications’94, Breck-enridge, USA., paper FBI-1, 1994.
16. R. Kashyap, R. Wyatt, and R. J. Campbell, “Wideband gain flattened erbium fibre amplifier using a photosensitive fibre blazed grating,” Electron. Lett., vol. 29, no. 2, 154 (1993).
17. S. F. Su, R. Olshansky, G. Joyce, D. A. Smith, and J. E. Baran, “Gain equalization in multiwavelength lightwave systems using acousto-optic tunable filters,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 4, no. 3, 269 (1992).
18. R. I. Laming, J. D. Minelly, L. Long, and M. N. Zervas, “Erbium-doped-fiber amplifier with passive spectral-gain equalization,” in Tech. Dig. OFC’93, San Jose, CA, paper ThD3, 1993.
19. C. R. Giles and D. DiGiovanni, “Dynamic gain equalization in two-stage fiber amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 2, no. 12, 866 (1990).
20. D. S. Forrester, A. M. Hill, R. A. Lobbett, R. Wyatt, and S. F. Carter, “39.81 Gbit/s, 43.8 million-way WDM broadcast network with 527 km range,” IEE Electron. Lett., vol. 27, no. 22, 2051 (1991).
21. A. R. Chraplyvy, R. W. Tkach, K. C. Reichmann, P. D. Magill, and J. A. Nagel, “End-to-end equalization experiments in amplified WDM lightwave systems,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 5, no. 4, 428 (1993).
22. M. Suyama, T. Terahara, S. Kinoshita, T. Chikama, and M. Taka-hashi, “2.5 Gbit/s, 4 channel WDM transmission over 1060 km using EDFAs with suppressed gain bandwidth narrowing,” in Tech. Dig. Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications’93, Yokohama, Japan, paper MB5, 1993.
23. H. Toba, K. Nakanishi, K. Oda, K. Inoue, and T. Kominato, “A 100-channel optical FDM six-stage in-line amplifier system employing tunable gain equalizers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 5, no. 2, 248 (1993).
24. K. Oda, M. Fukutoku, H. Toba, and T. Kominato, “128 channel, 480 km FSK-DD transmission experiment using 0.98 pm pumped erbium-doped fibre amplifiers and a tunable gain equaliser,” IEE Electron. Lett., vol. 30, no. 12, 982 (1994).
25. N. Takachio, S. Yoshida, S. Norimatsu, and K. Oda, “10 Gb/s X 10 ch optical FDM transmission experiment over 300 km using inline optical fiber amplifiers and dispersion-shifted fiber,” in Tech. Dig. ECOC’93, Montreux, Switzerland, vol. 2, paper MoCl, 1993.
26. H. Onaka, H. Miyata, K. Otsuka, and T. Chikama, “10 Gb/s, 4-wave 200 km and 16-wave 150 km repeaterless transmission experiments over standard single-mode fiber,” in Tech. Dig. ECOC’94, Firenze, Italy, vol. 4, pp. 49-52, 1994.
27. A. R. Chraplyvy, J. M. Delavaux, R. M. Derosier, G. A. Ferguson, D. A. Fishman, C. R. Giles, J. A. Nagel, B. M. Nyman, J. W. Sulhoff, R. E. Tench, R. W. Tkach, and J. L. Zyskind, “1420-km transmission of sixteen 2.5-Gbit/s channels using silica-fiber-based EDFA repeaters,” in Tech. Dig. OEC’94, Makuhari Messe, Japan, paper PDI-1, 1994.
28. F. Forghieri, A. H. Gnauck, R. W. Tkach, A. R. Chraplyvy, and R. M. Derosier, “Repeaterless transmission of 8 10-Gb/s channels over 137 km (llTb/s-km) of dispersion-shifted fiber,” in Tech. Dig. OFC’94, San Jose, CA, paper PD26, 1994.
29. A. R. Chraplyvy, A. H. Gnauck, R. W. Tkach, and R. M. Derosier, “8 X 10 Gb/s transmission through 280 km of dispersion-managed fiber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 5, no. 10, 1233 (1993).
30. A. R. Chraplyvy, A. H. Gnauck, R. W. Tkach, and R. M. Derosier, “160-Gb/s (8 X 20 Gb/s WDM) 300-km transmission with 50-km amplifier spacing and span-by-span dispersion reversal,” in Tech. Dig. OFC’94, San Jose, CA, paper PD19, 1994.
31. R. W. Tkach, A. H. Gnauck, A. R. Chraplyvy, R. M. Derosier, C. R. Giles, B. M. Nyman, G. A. Ferguson, J. W. Sulhoff, and J. L. Zyskind, “One-third Terabit/s transmission through 150 km of dispersion-managed fiber,” in Tech. Dig. ECOC '94, Firenze, Italy, vol. 4, pp. 45-48, 1994.
32. S. Ryu, “2.5 Gbit/s, 4 channel, 1200 km densely spaced coherent WDM recirculating loop experiments,” IEE Electron. Lett., vol. 30, no. 15, 1240 (1994).
33. H. Taga, N. Takeda, N. Edagawa, S. Yamamoto, and S. Akiba, “Four-wavelength multiplexed 10 Gbit/s IM-DD signal transmission esperiments over 1500 km with 100 km EDFA spacing,” in Tech. Dig. ECOC’94, Firenze, Italy, vol. 2, pp. 745-748, 1994.
34. K. Sekine, N. Kikuchi, S. Sasaki, and M. Aoki, “10 Gbit/s four-channel WDM transmission experiment over 500 km with technique for suppressing four-wave mixing,” IEE Electron. Lett., vol. 30, no. 14, 1150 (1994).
35. F. Forghieri, R. W. Tkach, A. R. Chraplyvy, and D. Marcuse, “Reduction of four-wave-mixing cross talk in WDM systems using unequally spaced channels,” in Tech. Dig. OFC’93, San Jose, CA, paper FC4, 1993.
36. E. Desurvire, M. Zirngibl, H. M. Presby, and D. DiGiovanni, “Dynamic gain compensation in saturated erbium-doped fiber amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 3, no. 5, 453 (1991).
37. M. Zimgibl, “Gain control in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers by an all-optical feedback loop,” IEE Electron. Lett., vol. 27, no. 7, 560 (1991).
38. K. Motoshima, K. Shimizu, K. Takano, T. Mizuochi, and T. Ki-tayama, “EDFA with dynamic gain compensation for multiwavelength transmission systems,” in Tech. Dig. OFC’94, San Jose, CA, paper ThC4, 1994.
39. E. L. Goldstein, L. Eskilden, V. da Silva, M. Andrejco, and Y. Silberberg, “Suppression of dynamic cross-saturation in multiwavelength lightwave networks with inhomogeneously broadened fiber amplifiers,” in Tech. Dig. Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications’93, Yokohama, Japan, paper SuE3, 1993.
40. E. L. Goldstein, L. Eskilden, G. K. Chang, M. Z. Iqbal, and C. Lin, “Self-regulating WDM amplifier module for scalable ligthwave networks,” in Tech. Dig. Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications’94, Breckenridge, USA, paper FA2, 1994.
41. M. Poulain, M. Poulain, and J. Lucas, Mater. Res. Bull., vol. 10, 243 (1975).
42. K. Oshawa, T. Shibata, K. Nakamura and S. Yoshida, in Tech. Dig. ECOC '81, Copenhagen, Denmark, paper 1.1, 1981.
43. 3+ doped fluoride fibre amplifier,” IEE Electron. Lett., vol. 26, no. 18, 1527 (1990).
44. D. M. Spirit, G. R. Walker, P. W. France, S. F. Carter, and D. Szebesta, “Characterization of diode-pumped erbium-doped flu-orozircorate fibre optical amplifier,” IEE Electron. Lett., vol. 26, no. 15, 1218 (1990).
45. W. J. Miniscalto, in Tech. Dig. SPIE OE/Fibers’89, vol. 1171, pp. 93-102, 1989.
46. C. R. Giles and E. Desurvire, “Modeling erbium-doped fiber amplifiers,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 9, no. 2, 271 (1991).
47. J. F. Marcerou, S. Artigaud, J. Hervo, and H. Février, “Basic comparison between fluoride- and silica-doped fibre amplifiers in the 1550 nm region,” in Tech. Dig. ECOC’92, Berlin, Germany, paper MoA2.3, 1992.
48. Y. Miyajima, “Erbium and Neodymium-doped fluoride glass fiber lasers and amplifiers,” in Tech. Dig. SPIE Fiber Laser Sources and Amplifier III, vol. 1581, invited paper, 1991.
49. 3+ doped fluoride fibre pumped around 1.48 pm," IEE Electron. Lett., vol. 27, no. 11, 908 (1991).
50. D. Bayart, B. Clesca, L. Hamon, and J. L. Beylat, “Experimental investigation of the gain flatness characteristics for 1.55 pm fluo-ride-based erbium-doped fibre amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 6, no. 5, 613 (1994).
51. 3+ doped fluoride single-mode fibers for 1, 3pm optical amplifiers,” in Tech. Dig. 9th Symp. on Non-oxyde Glasses, Shangai, China, 1994.
52. M. Fake, E. P. Lawrence, and T. J. Simmons, “Practical praseodymium power amplifier with a saturated output power of +18 dBm,” in Tech. Dig. OFC’94, San Jose, CA, paper ThF2, 1994.
53. 3+ doped silica fibre amplifiers,” IEE Electron. Lett., vol. 26, no. 14, 1038 (1990).
54. R. Olshansky, “Noise figure for erbium-doped optical fibre amplifier,” IEE Electron. Lett., vol. 24, no. 22, 1363 (1988).
55. D. Bayart, B. Clesca, L. Hamon, and J. L. Beylat, “1.55 pm fluo-ride-based EDFA with gain-flatness control for multiwavelength applications,” IEE Electron. Lett., vol. 30, no. 17, 1407 (1994).
56. O. Audouin, L. Prigent, and J. P. Hamaide, “Limitations on transoceanic optical communications by dispersion, Kerr nonlinearity and amplifier noise,” in Tech. Dig. ECOC’91, Paris, France, vol. 2, pp. 67-74, 1991.
57. B. Clesca, B. Desthieux, A. Jourdan, D. Bayart, L. Hamon, and J. L. Beylat, “Multiwavelength gain flatness assessment of fluoride-based fibre-amplifiers using a circulating loop,” IEE Electron. Lett., vol. 30, no. 16, 1308 (1994).
58. B. Clesca, D. Ronarc’h, D. Bayart, Y. Sorel, L. Hamon, M. Guibert, J. L. Beylat, J. F Kerdiles, and M. Semenkoff, “Gain flatness comparison between erbium-doped fluoride and silica fiber amplifiers with wavelength-multiplexed signals,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 6, no. 4, 509 (1994).
59. B. Clesca, D. Bayart, C. Coeurjolly, L. Bertheion, L. Hamon, and J. L. Beylat, “Over 25-nm, 16 wavelength-multiplexed signal transmission through four fluoride-based fiber amplifier cascade and 440 km standard fiber,” in Tech. Dig. OFC’94, San Jose, CA, paper PD20, 1994.
60. K. C. Reichmann, P. D. Magill, U. Koren, B. I. Miller, M. Young, M. Newkirk, and M. D. Chien, “2.5 Gb/s transmission over 674 km at multiple wavelengths using a tunable DBR laser with an integrated electroabsorption modulator,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 5, no. 9, 1098 (1993).
61. B. Clesca, A. Jourdan, S. Artigaud, G. Da Loura, L. Hamon, G. Soulage, J. C. Jacquinot, P. Doussière, P. de Vivie de Régie, D. Bayart, J. L. Beylat, M. Sotom, C. Jcergensen, T. Durhuus, K. Stubkjaer, M. Semenkoff, and M. Guibert, “A joint RACE experiment: 80 Gbit/s WDM transmission combining wideband optical fibre amplifiers with an in-line 10 Gbit/s all-optical wavelength converter,” in Tech. Dig. ECOC’94, Firenze, Italy, vol. 4, pp. 27-30, 1994.