Early paleoindian women, children, mobility, and fertility

American Antiquity

Volumn 65, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 493-508

  Surovell, Todd A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMERICAN INDIAN; ARCHEOLOGY; ARTICLE; CHILD; CHILD REARING; ETHNOLOGY; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; FERTILITY; HISTORY; HUMAN; MIGRATION; PRESCHOOL CHILD;

ARCHAEOLOGY; CHILD; CHILD REARING; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; FERTILITY; HISTORY, ANCIENT; HUMANS; INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN;

EID: 0001311190     PISSN: 00027316     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2694532     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. Adovasio, J. M., and D. R. Pedler 1997 Monte Verde and the Antiquity of Humankind in the Americas. Antiquity 71:573-580.
2. Balikci, A. 1967 Female Infanticide on the Arctic Coast. Man 2:615-625.
3. Batt, C. M., and A. M. Pollard 1996 Radiocarbon Calibration and the Peopling of North America. In Archaeological Chemistry, edited by A. M. Pollard, pp. 415-433. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge.
4. Beaton, J. M. 1991 Colonizing Continents: Some Problems from Australia and the Americas. In The First Americans: Search and Research, edited by T. D. Dillehay and D. J. Meltzer, pp. 209-230. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
5. Bentley, G. 1985 Hunter-Gatherer Energetics and Fertility: A reassessment of the !Kung San. Human Ecology 13:79-109.
6. Binford, L. R. 1980 Willow Smoke and Dogs' Tails: Hunter-Gatherer Settlement Systems and Archaeological Site Formation. American Antiquity 45:4-20.
7. 1982 The Archaeology of Place. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 1:5-31.
8. Binford, L. R., and J. W. J. Chasko 1976 Nunamiut Demographic History: A Provocative Case. In Demographic Anthropology: Quantitative Approaches, edited by E. B. W. Zubrow, pp. 63-143. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.
9. Blurton Jones, N. 1986 Bushman Birth Spacing: A Test for Optimal Birth Intervals. Ethology and Sociobiology 8:183-203.
10. 1987 Bushman Birth Spacing: Direct Tests of Some Simple Predictions. Ethology and Sociobiology 8:183-203.
11. 1989 The Costs of Children and the Adaptive Scheduling of Births: Towards A Sociobiological Perspective on Demography. In The Sociobiology of Sexual and Reproductive Strategies, edited by A. E. Rasa, C. Vogel, and E. Voland, pp. 265-283. Chapman and Hall, London.
12. 1994 A Reply to Dr. Harpending. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 93:391-397.
13. Blurton Jones, N., K. Hawkes, and P. Draper 1994a Differences between Hadza and !Kung cHildren's Work: Original Affluence or Practical Reason? In Key Issues in Hunter-Gatherer Research, edited by E. S. Burch Jr. and L. J. Ellana, pp. 189-215. Berg, Oxford.
14. 1994b Foraging Returns of !Kung adults and Children: Why didn't !Kung Children Forage? Journal of Anthropological Research 50:217-248.
15. Blurton Jones, N. G., K. Hawkes, and J. F. O'Connell 1989 Modelling and Measuring Costs of Children in Two Foraging Societies. In Comparative Socioecology of Mammals and Man, edited by V. Standen and R. Foley, pp. 367-390. Blackwell, Oxford.
16. Blurton Jones, N. G, and R. M. Sibly 1978 Testing Adaptiveness of Culturally Determined Behavior. In Human Behaviour and Adaptation, edited by N. Blurton Jones and V. Reynolds, pp. 325-248. Symposia of the Society for the Study of Human Biology, Vol. 18. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
17. Blurton Jones, N. G., L. C. Smith, J. F. O'Connell, K. Hawkes, and C. Kamazura 1992 Demography of the Hadza, An Increasing and High-Density Population of Savanna Foragers. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 89:159-181.
18. Campbell, K. L., and J. W. Wood 1988 Fertility in Traditional Societies. In Natural Human Fertility: Social and Biological Determinants, edited by P. Diggory, M. Potts, and S. Teper, pp. 33-69. Macmillan, London.
19. Carr-Saunders, A. 1922 The Population Problem: A Study in Human Evolution. Clarendon, Oxford.
20. Cech, D., and S. T. Martin 1995 Functional Movement Development across the Life Span. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia.
21. Clastres, P. 1972 The Guayaki. In Hunters and Gatherers Today, edited by M. G. Bicchieri, pp. 138-174. Waveland Press, Prospect Heights, Illinois.
22. Draper, P. 1976 Social and Economic Constraints on Child Life among the !Kung. In Kalahari Hunter-Gatherers, edited by R. B. Lee and I. DeVore, pp. 199-217. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
23. Ellison, P. T. 1990 Human Ovarian Function and Reproductive Ecology: New Hypotheses. American Anthropologist 92:933-952.
24. Fiedel, S. J. 1999 Older than We Thought: Implications of Corrected Dates for Paleoindians. American Antiquity 64:95-115.
25. Frison, G. C., and L. C. Todd 1986 The Colby Mammoth Site. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.
26. Goodyear, A. C. 1989 A Hypothesis for the Use of Cryptocrystalline Raw Materials among Paleoindian Groups of North America. In Eastern Paleoindian Lithic Resource Use, edited by C. Ellis and J. Lothrop, pp. 1-10. Westview Press, Boulder.
27. Handwerker, W. P. 1983 The First Demographic Transition: An Analysis of Subsistence Choices and Reproductive Consequences. American Anthropologist 85:5-27.
28. Harpending, H. 1994 Infertility and Forager Demography. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 93:385-390.
29. Hassan, F. A. 1981 Demographic Archaeology. Academic Press, New York.
30. Haury, E. W. 1953 Artifacts with Mammoth Remains, Naco, Arizona. American Antiquity 19:1-14.
31. Haury, E. W., E. B. Sayles, and W. W. Wasley 1959 The Lehner Mammoth Site, Southeastern Arizona. American Antiquity 25:2-42.
32. Hawkes, K., K. Hill, and J. F. O'Connell 1982 Why Hunters Gather: Optimal Foraging and the Ache of Eastern Paraguay. American Ethnologist 9:379-398.
33. Hawkes, K., J. F. O'Connell, and N. G. Blurton Jones 1995 Hadza Children's Foraging: Juvenile Dependency, Social Arrangements, and Mobility among Hunter-Gatherers. Current Anthropology 36:688-700.
34. Hayden, B. 1972 Population Control among Hunter/Gatherers. World Archaeology 4:205-221.
35. Haynes, C. V. Jr., D. J. Donahue, A. J. T. Jull, and T. H. Zebel 1984 Application of Accelerator Dating to Fluted Point Paleoindian Sites. Archaeology of Eastern North America 12:184-191.
36. Haynes, C. V. Jr. 1966 Elephant-Hunting in North America. Scientific American 214:104-112.
37. 1971 Time, Environment, and Early Man. Arctic Anthropology 8:3-14
38. 1980 The Clovis culture. Canadian Journal of Anthropology 1(1):115-121.
39. 1992 Contributions of Radiocarbon Dating to the Geochronology of the Peopling of the New World. In Radiocarbon after Four Decades, edited by R. E. Taylor, A. Long, and S. Kra, pp. 355-374. Springer-Verlag, New York.
40. 1993 Clovis-Folsom Geochronology and Climatic Change. In From Kostenki to Clovis: Upper Paleolithic - Paleo-Indian Adaptations, edited by O. Soffer and N. D. Praslov, pp. 219-236. Plenum Press, New York.
41. Hemmings, E. T., and C. V. Haynes Jr. 1969 The Escapule Mammoth and Associated Projectile Points, San Pedro Valley, Arizona. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science 5:184-188.
42. Hemmings, E. T. 1970 Early Man in the San Pedro Valley, Arizona. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson.
43. Hester, J. J. 1972 Blackwater Locality No. 1: A Stratified Early Man Site in Eastern New Mexico. Publication No. 8. Fort Burgwin Research Center, Rancho de Taos, New Mexico.
44. Hester, J. J., and J. Grady 1977 Paleoindian Social Patterns on the Llano Estacado. In Paleo-Indian Lifeways, edited by E. Johnson, pp. 78-96. The Museum Journal, Vol. 17. West Texas Museum Association, Lubbock, Texas.
45. Hewlett, B. S. 1991 a Demography and Childcare in Preindustrial Societies. Journal of Anthropological Research 47:1-37.
46. 1991b Intimate Fathers: The Nature and Context of Aka Pygmy Paternal Infant Care. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.
47. Hill, K., and A. M. Hurtado 1996 Ache Life History: The Ecology and Demography of a Foraging People. Aldine de Gruyter, New York.
48. Hofman, J. L. 1994 Paleoindian Aggregations on the Great Plains. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 13:341-370.
49. Howell, N. 1976 The Population of the Dobe Area !Kung. In Kalahari Hunter-Gatherers, edited by R. B. Lee and I. DeVore, pp. 137-151. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
50. 1979 Demography of the Dobe !Kung. Academic Press, New York.
51. Hurtado, A. M., and K. R. Hill 1987 Early Dry Season Subsistence Ecology of Cuiva (Hiwi) Foragers of Venezuela. Human Ecology 15:163-187.
52. 1990 Seasonality in a Foraging Society: Variation in Diet, Work Effort, Fertility, and Sexual Division of Labor among the Hiwi of Venezuela. Journal of Anthropological Research 15:163-187.
53. Irwin, C. 1989 The Socioculturel Biology of Netsilingmiut Female Infanticide. In The Sociobiology of Sexual and Reproductive Strategies, edited by A. Rasa, C. Vogel, and E. Voland, pp. 234-264. Chapman and Hall, London.
54. Keeley, L. H. 1995 Protoagricultural Practices among Hunter-Gatherers: A Cross-Culrural Survey. In Last Hunters First Farmers, edited by T. D. Price and A. B. Gebauer, pp. 243-272. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe.
55. Kelly, R. L. 1983 Hunter-Gatherer Mobility Strategies. Journal of Anthropological Research 39:277-306.
56. 1995 The Foraging Spectrum. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.
57. Kelly, R. L., and L. C. Todd 1988 Coming into the Country: Early Paleoindian Hunting and Mobility. American Antiquity 53:231-244.
58. Kitagawa, H., and J. van der Plicht 1998 Atmospheric Radiocarbon Calibration to 45,000 Yr B.P.: Late Glacial Fluctuations and Cosmogenic Isotope Production. Science 279:1187-1190.
59. Konner, M., and C. Worthman 1980 Nursing Frequency, Gonadal Function, and Birth Spacing among !Kung Hunter-Gatherers. Science 207:788-791.
60. Lee, R. B. 1972 Population Growth and the Beginnings of Sedentary Life among the !Kung Bushmen. In Population Growth: Anthropological Implications, edited by B. Spooner, pp. 319-342. The MIT Press, Cambridge.
61. 1979 The !Kung San: Men, Women, and Work in a Foraging Society. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
62. Leonhardy, F. C. 1966 Domebo: A Paleo-Indian Mammoth Kill in the Prarie-Plains. Contributions of the Museum of the Great Plains, Lawton, Oklahoma.
63. MacDonald, D. H. 1999 Modeling Folsom Mobility, Mating Strategies, and Technological Organization in the Northern Plains. Plains Anthropologist 44:141-161.
64. MacDonald, D. H., and B. S. Hewlett 1999 Reproductive Interests and Forager Mobility. Current Anthropology 40:501-523.
65. Martin, P. S. 1973 The Discovery of America. Science 179:969-974.
66. Meltzer, D. J. 1993a Pleistocene Peopling of the Americas. Evolutionary Anthropology 1:157-169.
67. 1993b Is There a Clovis Adaptation? In From Kostenki to Clovis: Upper Paleolithic: Paleo-Indian Adaptations, edited by O. Soffer and N. D. Praslov, pp. 293-310. Plenum Press, New York.
68. 1995 Clocking the First Americans. Annual Review of Anthropology 24:21-45.
69. 1997 Monte Verde and the Pleistocene Peopling of the Americas. Science 276:754-755.
70. 1999 Comment on "Reproductive Interests and Forager Mobility" by D. H. MacDonald and B. S. Hewlett. Current Anthropology 40:519-520.
71. Meltzer, D. J., D. K. Grayson, G. Ardila, A. W. Barker, D. F. Dincauze, C. V. Haynes Jr., F. Mena, L. Nuñez, and D. J. Stanford 1997 On the Pleistocene Antiquity of Monte Verde, Southern Chile. American Antiquity 62:659-663.
72. Morris, B. 1982 Forest Traders: A Socio-Economic Study of the Hill Pandaram. London School of Economics Monographs on Social Anthropology No. 55. The Athlone Press, Totowa, New Jersey.
73. Mosimann, J. F., and P. S. Martin 1975 Simulating Overkill by Paleoindians. American Scientist 63:304-313.
74. O'Connell, J. F., and K. Hawkes 1981 Alyawara Plant Use and Optimal Foraging Theory. In Hunter-Gatherer Foraging Strategies, edited by B. Winterhalder and E. A. Smith, pp. 99-125. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
75. Pennington, J. A. T. 1989 Bowes and Church's Food Values of Portions Commonly Used. Harper and Row, New York.
76. Pennington, R., and H. Harpending 1988 Fitness and Fertility among Kalahari !Kung. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 77:303-319.
77. Sellards, E. H. 1952 Early Man in America: A Study in Prehistory. University of Texas Press, Austin
78. Smith, E. A., and S. A. Smith 1994 Inuit Sex-Ratio Variation: Population Control, Ethnographic Error or Parental Manipulation? Current Anthropology 35:595-624.
79. Spielmann, K. A. 1989 A Review: Dietary Restrictions on Hunter-Gatherer Women and the Implications for Fertility and Infant Mortality. Human Ecology 17:321-345.
80. Stanford, D. 1978 Some Clovis Points. Paper presented at the 5th Biennial Meeting of the American Quaternary Association, Edmonton, Alberta
81. Steele, J., J. Adams, and T. Sluckin 1998 Modelling Paleoindian Dispersals. World Archaeology 30:286-305.
82. Storck, P. 1991 Imperialists without a State: The Cultural Dynamics of Early Paleoindian Colonization as Seen from the Great Lakes Region. In Clovis: Origins and Adaptations, edited by R. Bonnichsen and K. L. Turnmire, pp. 153-162. Center for the Study of the First Americans, Corvallis, Oregon.
83. Sutherland, D. H., R. A. Olshen, E. N. Biden, and M. P. Wyatt 1988 The Development of Mature Walking. Clinics in Developmental Medicine 104/105
84. Tankersley, K. B. 1991 A Geoarchaeological Investigation of Distribution and Exchange in the Raw Material Economies of Clovis Groups in Eastern North America. In Raw Material Economies among Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers, edited by A. Montet-White and S. Holen, pp. 285- 303. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence.
85. Taylor, R. E., C. V. Haynes Jr., and M. Stuiver 1996 Clovis and Folsom Age Estimates: Stratigraphic Context and Radiocarbon Calibration. Antiquity 70:515-525.
86. Webb, Esmée and David Rindos. 1993 The Mode and Tempo of the Colonization of Empty Landmasses: Sahul and the Americas Compared. In Rediscovering Darwin: Evolutionary Theory and Archaeological Explanation, edited by C. M. Barton and G. A. Clark, pp. 233-250. Archeological Paper No. 7. American Anthropological Association, Arlington, Virginia.
87. Whitley, D. S., and R. I. Dorn 1993 New Perspectives on the Clovis vs. pre-Clovis Controversy. American Antiquity 58:626-647.
88. Wilmsen, E. 1978 Seasonal Effects of Dietary Intake on Kalahari San. Federation Proceedings 37:65-72.
89. Winterhalder, B., and C. Goland 1993 On Population, Foraging Efficiency, and Plant Domestication. Current Anthropology 34:710-715.
90. Wood, J. W. 1990 Fertility in Anthropological Populations. Annual Review of Anthropology 19:211-242.
91. World Health Organization 1985 Energy and Protein Requirements. World Health Organization, Geneva.
92. Young, D., and R. Bonnichsen 1984 Understanding Stone Tools: A Cognitive Approach. Center for the Study of Early Man, University of Maine, Orono.