Indigenous rights and environmental justice

Environmental Ethics

Volumn 20, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 377-391

  Perrett, Roy W ^a  

^a MASSEY UNIVERSITY   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001294754     PISSN: 01634275     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5840/enviroethics19982045     Document Type: Review

References (48)

1. Calvin Martin, Keepers of the Game: Indian-Animal Relationships and the Fur Trade (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978). Martin's claims have provoked much discussion: see Tom Regan, All That Dwell Therein: Animal Rights and Environmental Ethics (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982), chap. 10; O. Douglas Schwarz, "Indian Rights and Environmental Ethics: Changing Perspectives, and A Modest Proposal," Environmental Ethics 9 (1987): 293-95; J. Baird Callicott, In Defense of the Land Ethic: Essays in Environmental Philosophy (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989), chaps. 10-11.
2. Calvin Martin, Keepers of the Game: Indian-Animal Relationships and the Fur Trade (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978). Martin's claims have provoked much discussion: see Tom Regan, All That Dwell Therein: Animal Rights and Environmental Ethics (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982), chap. 10; O. Douglas Schwarz, "Indian Rights and Environmental Ethics: Changing Perspectives, and A Modest Proposal," Environmental Ethics 9 (1987): 293-95; J. Baird Callicott, In Defense of the Land Ethic: Essays in Environmental Philosophy (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989), chaps. 10-11.
3. Calvin Martin, Keepers of the Game: Indian-Animal Relationships and the Fur Trade (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978). Martin's claims have provoked much discussion: see Tom Regan, All That Dwell Therein: Animal Rights and Environmental Ethics (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982), chap. 10; O. Douglas Schwarz, "Indian Rights and Environmental Ethics: Changing Perspectives, and A Modest Proposal," Environmental Ethics 9 (1987): 293-95; J. Baird Callicott, In Defense of the Land Ethic: Essays in Environmental Philosophy (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989), chaps. 10-11.
4. Calvin Martin, Keepers of the Game: Indian-Animal Relationships and the Fur Trade (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978). Martin's claims have provoked much discussion: see Tom Regan, All That Dwell Therein: Animal Rights and Environmental Ethics (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982), chap. 10; O. Douglas Schwarz, "Indian Rights and Environmental Ethics: Changing Perspectives, and A Modest Proposal," Environmental Ethics 9 (1987): 293-95; J. Baird Callicott, In Defense of the Land Ethic: Essays in Environmental Philosophy (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989), chaps. 10-11.
5. On this controversy, see George Wenzel, Animal Rights, Human Rights: Ecology, Economy and Ideology in the Canadian Arctic (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1991).
6. Raymond Firth, Economics of the New Zealand Maori, 2d ed. (Wellington: Government Printer), chap. 7.
7. Atholl Anderson, "Faunal Depletion and Subsistence Change in the Early Prehistory of Southern New Zealand" Archaeology in Oceania 18 (1983): 1-10; M. S. McGlone, "Polynesian Deforestation of New Zealand: A Preliminary Synthesis" Archaeology in Oceania 18 (1983): 11-25. John Halkett, The Native Forests of New Zealand (Wellington: GP Publications, 1991), chap 2.
8. Atholl Anderson, "Faunal Depletion and Subsistence Change in the Early Prehistory of Southern New Zealand" Archaeology in Oceania 18 (1983): 1-10; M. S. McGlone, "Polynesian Deforestation of New Zealand: A Preliminary Synthesis" Archaeology in Oceania 18 (1983): 11-25. John Halkett, The Native Forests of New Zealand (Wellington: GP Publications, 1991), chap 2.
9. Atholl Anderson, "Faunal Depletion and Subsistence Change in the Early Prehistory of Southern New Zealand" Archaeology in Oceania 18 (1983): 1-10; M. S. McGlone, "Polynesian Deforestation of New Zealand: A Preliminary Synthesis" Archaeology in Oceania 18 (1983): 11-25. John Halkett, The Native Forests of New Zealand (Wellington: GP Publications, 1991), chap 2.
10. In Edward M. K. Douglas, ed., Waiora, Waimaori, Waikino, Waimate, Waitai: Mãori Perceptions of Water and the Environment (Hamilton: Centre for Maori Studies and Research, University of Waikato, 1984), p. 9.
11. Halkett, Native Forests of New Zealand, chaps. 5-8.
12. Not least, because the stereotype thus created has significant negative consequences for indigenous peoples: see Douglas J. Buege, "The Ecologically Noble Savage Revisited" Environmental Ethics 18 (1996): 71-88.
13. Schwarz, "Indian Rights and Environmental Ethics," p. 295.
14. Jane Kay, "California's Endangered Communities of Color," in Robert D. Bullard, ed., Unequal Protection: Environmental Justice and Communities of Color (San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1994).
15. Douglas, Waiora, Waimaori, Waikino, Waimate, Waitai, p. 15.
16. P. Ali Memon and R. C. Cullen, "Rehabilitation of Indigenous Fisheries in New Zealand," in Richard Howitt et al., eds., Resources, Nations and Indigenous Peoples (Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1996).
17. "Pre-1840 Traditional Maori Fisheries Rights," Te Maori 6, no. 19 (1997): 6-7.
18. On this philosophically problematic green value see Robert E. Goodin, Green Politics (Oxford: Polity Press, 1992), pp. 62-65.
19. Evelyn Stokes, J. Wharehuia Milroy and Hirini Melbourne, Te Urewara Nga Iwi Te Whenua Te Ngahere/People, Land and Forests of Te Urewara (Hamilton: University of Waikato, 1986), p. 345.
20. See Garth Nettheim, "'Peoples' and 'Populations': Indigenous Peoples and the Rights of Peoples" in James Crawford, ed., Rights of Peoples (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988).
21. Elizabeth Kemp, "In Search of a Home: People Living in or near Protected Areas," in Elizabeth Kemp, ed., Indigenous Peoples and Protected Areas (London: Earthscan Publications, 1993), p. 4.
22. A useful review of some of the main issues is Peter S. Wenz, Environmental Justice (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1988). See also the essays in David E. Cooper and Joy A. Palmer, eds., Just Environments: Intergenerational, International and Interspecies Issues (London: Routledge, 1995).
23. A useful review of some of the main issues is Peter S. Wenz, Environmental Justice (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1988). See also the essays in David E. Cooper and Joy A. Palmer, eds., Just Environments: Intergenerational, International and Interspecies Issues (London: Routledge, 1995).
24. This is rather different from the way these terms are used in Jon Elster, Local Justice (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1992). Nevertheless, my own approach here owes more than a little to Elster's work.
25. Jonathan Glover, "The Research Programme of Development Ethics," in Martha C. Nussbaum and Jonathan Glover, eds., Women, Culture, and Development: A Study of Human Capabilities (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995), p. 118.
26. Amartya Sen, Inequality Reexamined (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992), p. ix.
27. See Amartya Sen, "Rights and Agency" Philosophy and Public Affairs 11 (1982): 4-5.
28. On "welfarism," see Amartya Sen, "Utilitarianism and Welfarism" Journal of Philosophy 76 (1979): 463-86.
29. Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State and Utopia (Oxford: Blackwell, 1974), p. ix.
30. Ibid., p. 166.
31. Michael Walzer, Spheres of Justice (New York: Basic Books, 1983), pp. 312-14.
32. See Robert E. Goodin, "International Ethics and the Environmental Crisis," in Robert E. Goodin, ed., The Politics of the Environment (Aldershot: Elgar, 1994), pp. 581-84.
33. Sen, Inequality Reexamined. See also David A. Crocker, "Functioning and Capability: The Foundations of Sen's and Nussbaum's Development Ethic, Part 2," in Nussbaum and Glover, Women, Culture, and Development.
34. Sen, Inequality Reexamined. See also David A. Crocker, "Functioning and Capability: The Foundations of Sen's and Nussbaum's Development Ethic, Part 2," in Nussbaum and Glover, Women, Culture, and Development.
35. Sen, "Rights and Agency," pp. 4-19; "Rights as Goals," in Stephen Guest and Alan Milne, eds., Equality and Discrimination: Essays in Freedom and Justice (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1985). See also Crocker, "Functioning and Capability," pp. 186-91.
36. Sen, "Rights and Agency," pp. 4-19; "Rights as Goals," in Stephen Guest and Alan Milne, eds., Equality and Discrimination: Essays in Freedom and Justice (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1985). See also Crocker, "Functioning and Capability," pp. 186-91.
37. Sen, "Rights and Agency," pp. 4-19; "Rights as Goals," in Stephen Guest and Alan Milne, eds., Equality and Discrimination: Essays in Freedom and Justice (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1985). See also Crocker, "Functioning and Capability," pp. 186-91.
38. On this movement see Bullard, ed., Unequal Protection; Richard Hofrichter, ed., Toxic Struggles: The Theory and Practice of Environmental Justice (Philadelphia: New Society Publishers, 1993); David Harvey, Justice, Nature and the Geography of Difference (Oxford: Blackwell, 1996), chap. 13.
39. On this movement see Bullard, ed., Unequal Protection; Richard Hofrichter, ed., Toxic Struggles: The Theory and Practice of Environmental Justice (Philadelphia: New Society Publishers, 1993); David Harvey, Justice, Nature and the Geography of Difference (Oxford: Blackwell, 1996), chap. 13.
40. On this movement see Bullard, ed., Unequal Protection; Richard Hofrichter, ed., Toxic Struggles: The Theory and Practice of Environmental Justice (Philadelphia: New Society Publishers, 1993); David Harvey, Justice, Nature and the Geography of Difference (Oxford: Blackwell, 1996), chap. 13.
41. Bunyan Bryant and Paul Mohai, eds., Race and the Incidence of Environmental Hazards: A Time for Discourse (Boulder: Westview Press, 1992).
42. On these and other issues, see the essays in Martha C. Nussbaum and Amartya Sen, eds., The Quality of Life (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993) and in Nussbaum and Glover, Women, Culture, and Development.
43. On these and other issues, see the essays in Martha C. Nussbaum and Amartya Sen, eds., The Quality of Life (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993) and in Nussbaum and Glover, Women, Culture, and Development.
44. This feature is particularly marked in Martha Nussbaum's explicitly "Aristotelian" development of the capability approach: see, for instance, her "Human Capabilities, Female Human Beings," in Nussbaum and Glover, Women, Culture, and Development.
45. The locus classicus for the distinction between shallow and deep ecology is Arne Naess, "The Shallow and the Deep, Long-Range Ecology Movement," Inquiry 16 (1973): 95-100.
46. See the defence of a "moderately deep ecology," in Goodin, Green Politics, pp. 42-45.
47. See Paola Cavalieri and Peter Singer, eds., The Great Ape Project: Equality Beyond Humanity (New York: St Martin's Press, 1993).
48. Tom Regan, The Case for Animal Rights (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983).