Third-order nonlinear optical properties of organoboron compounds: Molecular structures and second hyperpolarizabilities

Applied Organometallic Chemistry

Volumn 10, Issue 3-4, 1996, Pages 305-316

  Yuan, Zheng ^a   Taylor, Nicholas J ^a   Ramachandran, Ravi ^a   Marder, Todd B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Anthracene; Benzene; Boron; Fluorescence; Hyperpolarizability; Molecular structure; Nonlinear optics; Organic material; Stilbene; Third order

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001199158     PISSN: 02682605     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0739(199604)10:3/4<305::AID-AOC463>3.0.CO;2-G     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. For books and conference proceedings on NLO see: (a) D. S. Chemla and J. Zyss (eds), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Molecules and Crystals, Vols. 1 and 2, Academic Press, New York, 1987. (b) Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 971, Washington, DC, 1988. (c) A. J. Heeger, J. Orenstein and D. R. Ulrich (eds), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Polymers, MRS Symp. Proc. 109, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1988. (d) J. Messier, F. Kajzar, P. Prasad and D. Ulrich (eds). Nonlinear Optical Effects in Organic Polymers, NATO ASI Ser. E 162, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1989. (e) R. A. Hahn and D. Bloor (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics, Spec. Publ. No. 69, The Royal Society of Chemistry, London, 1989. (f) J. L. Bredas and R. R. Chance (eds), Conjugated Polymeric Materials: Opportunities in Electronics, Optoelectronics, and Molecular Electronics, NATO ARW Ser. E 182, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1990. (g) R. A. Hahn and D. Bloor (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics II, Spec. Publ. No. 91, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1991. (h) J Messier, F. Kajar and P. Prasad (eds), Organic Molecules for Nonlinear Optics and Photonics, NATO ASI Ser. E 194, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1991. (i) D. J. Williams and P. N. Prasad, Introduction to Nonlinear Optical Effects in Molecules and Polymers, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1991. (j) S. R. Marder, J. E. Sohn and G. D. Stucky (eds), Materials for Nonlinear Optics: Chemical Perspectives, American Chemical Society, ACS Symp. Ser. No. 455, Washington, DC, 1991. (k) S. Miyata (ed), Nonlinear Optics: Fundamentals, Materials and Devices, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1992. (l) G. J. Ashwell and R. A. Hahn (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics III, Spec. Publ. No. 137, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1992. (m) G. R. Mohlmann (ed), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials VII, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 2285, Washington, DC, 1994. (n) S. R. Marder and J. W. Perry (eds), Organic, Metallo-organic, and Polymeric Materials for Nonlinear Optical Applications, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 2143, Washington, DC, 1994. (o) J. Zyss (ed.), Molecular Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Physics, and Devices, Academic Press, New York, 1994.
2. For books and conference proceedings on NLO see: (a) D. S. Chemla and J. Zyss (eds), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Molecules and Crystals, Vols. 1 and 2, Academic Press, New York, 1987. (b) Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 971, Washington, DC, 1988. (c) A. J. Heeger, J. Orenstein and D. R. Ulrich (eds), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Polymers, MRS Symp. Proc. 109, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1988. (d) J. Messier, F. Kajzar, P. Prasad and D. Ulrich (eds). Nonlinear Optical Effects in Organic Polymers, NATO ASI Ser. E 162, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1989. (e) R. A. Hahn and D. Bloor (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics, Spec. Publ. No. 69, The Royal Society of Chemistry, London, 1989. (f) J. L. Bredas and R. R. Chance (eds), Conjugated Polymeric Materials: Opportunities in Electronics, Optoelectronics, and Molecular Electronics, NATO ARW Ser. E 182, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1990. (g) R. A. Hahn and D. Bloor (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics II, Spec. Publ. No. 91, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1991. (h) J Messier, F. Kajar and P. Prasad (eds), Organic Molecules for Nonlinear Optics and Photonics, NATO ASI Ser. E 194, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1991. (i) D. J. Williams and P. N. Prasad, Introduction to Nonlinear Optical Effects in Molecules and Polymers, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1991. (j) S. R. Marder, J. E. Sohn and G. D. Stucky (eds), Materials for Nonlinear Optics: Chemical Perspectives, American Chemical Society, ACS Symp. Ser. No. 455, Washington, DC, 1991. (k) S. Miyata (ed), Nonlinear Optics: Fundamentals, Materials and Devices, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1992. (l) G. J. Ashwell and R. A. Hahn (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics III, Spec. Publ. No. 137, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1992. (m) G. R. Mohlmann (ed), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials VII, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 2285, Washington, DC, 1994. (n) S. R. Marder and J. W. Perry (eds), Organic, Metallo-organic, and Polymeric Materials for Nonlinear Optical Applications, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 2143, Washington, DC, 1994. (o) J. Zyss (ed.), Molecular Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Physics, and Devices, Academic Press, New York, 1994.
3. For books and conference proceedings on NLO see: (a) D. S. Chemla and J. Zyss (eds), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Molecules and Crystals, Vols. 1 and 2, Academic Press, New York, 1987. (b) Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 971, Washington, DC, 1988. (c) A. J. Heeger, J. Orenstein and D. R. Ulrich (eds), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Polymers, MRS Symp. Proc. 109, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1988. (d) J. Messier, F. Kajzar, P. Prasad and D. Ulrich (eds). Nonlinear Optical Effects in Organic Polymers, NATO ASI Ser. E 162, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1989. (e) R. A. Hahn and D. Bloor (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics, Spec. Publ. No. 69, The Royal Society of Chemistry, London, 1989. (f) J. L. Bredas and R. R. Chance (eds), Conjugated Polymeric Materials: Opportunities in Electronics, Optoelectronics, and Molecular Electronics, NATO ARW Ser. E 182, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1990. (g) R. A. Hahn and D. Bloor (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics II, Spec. Publ. No. 91, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1991. (h) J Messier, F. Kajar and P. Prasad (eds), Organic Molecules for Nonlinear Optics and Photonics, NATO ASI Ser. E 194, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1991. (i) D. J. Williams and P. N. Prasad, Introduction to Nonlinear Optical Effects in Molecules and Polymers, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1991. (j) S. R. Marder, J. E. Sohn and G. D. Stucky (eds), Materials for Nonlinear Optics: Chemical Perspectives, American Chemical Society, ACS Symp. Ser. No. 455, Washington, DC, 1991. (k) S. Miyata (ed), Nonlinear Optics: Fundamentals, Materials and Devices, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1992. (l) G. J. Ashwell and R. A. Hahn (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics III, Spec. Publ. No. 137, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1992. (m) G. R. Mohlmann (ed), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials VII, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 2285, Washington, DC, 1994. (n) S. R. Marder and J. W. Perry (eds), Organic, Metallo-organic, and Polymeric Materials for Nonlinear Optical Applications, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 2143, Washington, DC, 1994. (o) J. Zyss (ed.), Molecular Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Physics, and Devices, Academic Press, New York, 1994.
4. For books and conference proceedings on NLO see: (a) D. S. Chemla and J. Zyss (eds), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Molecules and Crystals, Vols. 1 and 2, Academic Press, New York, 1987. (b) Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 971, Washington, DC, 1988. (c) A. J. Heeger, J. Orenstein and D. R. Ulrich (eds), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Polymers, MRS Symp. Proc. 109, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1988. (d) J. Messier, F. Kajzar, P. Prasad and D. Ulrich (eds). Nonlinear Optical Effects in Organic Polymers, NATO ASI Ser. E 162, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1989. (e) R. A. Hahn and D. Bloor (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics, Spec. Publ. No. 69, The Royal Society of Chemistry, London, 1989. (f) J. L. Bredas and R. R. Chance (eds), Conjugated Polymeric Materials: Opportunities in Electronics, Optoelectronics, and Molecular Electronics, NATO ARW Ser. E 182, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1990. (g) R. A. Hahn and D. Bloor (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics II, Spec. Publ. No. 91, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1991. (h) J Messier, F. Kajar and P. Prasad (eds), Organic Molecules for Nonlinear Optics and Photonics, NATO ASI Ser. E 194, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1991. (i) D. J. Williams and P. N. Prasad, Introduction to Nonlinear Optical Effects in Molecules and Polymers, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1991. (j) S. R. Marder, J. E. Sohn and G. D. Stucky (eds), Materials for Nonlinear Optics: Chemical Perspectives, American Chemical Society, ACS Symp. Ser. No. 455, Washington, DC, 1991. (k) S. Miyata (ed), Nonlinear Optics: Fundamentals, Materials and Devices, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1992. (l) G. J. Ashwell and R. A. Hahn (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics III, Spec. Publ. No. 137, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1992. (m) G. R. Mohlmann (ed), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials VII, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 2285, Washington, DC, 1994. (n) S. R. Marder and J. W. Perry (eds), Organic, Metallo-organic, and Polymeric Materials for Nonlinear Optical Applications, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 2143, Washington, DC, 1994. (o) J. Zyss (ed.), Molecular Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Physics, and Devices, Academic Press, New York, 1994.
5. For books and conference proceedings on NLO see: (a) D. S. Chemla and J. Zyss (eds), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Molecules and Crystals, Vols. 1 and 2, Academic Press, New York, 1987. (b) Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 971, Washington, DC, 1988. (c) A. J. Heeger, J. Orenstein and D. R. Ulrich (eds), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Polymers, MRS Symp. Proc. 109, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1988. (d) J. Messier, F. Kajzar, P. Prasad and D. Ulrich (eds). Nonlinear Optical Effects in Organic Polymers, NATO ASI Ser. E 162, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1989. (e) R. A. Hahn and D. Bloor (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics, Spec. Publ. No. 69, The Royal Society of Chemistry, London, 1989. (f) J. L. Bredas and R. R. Chance (eds), Conjugated Polymeric Materials: Opportunities in Electronics, Optoelectronics, and Molecular Electronics, NATO ARW Ser. E 182, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1990. (g) R. A. Hahn and D. Bloor (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics II, Spec. Publ. No. 91, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1991. (h) J Messier, F. Kajar and P. Prasad (eds), Organic Molecules for Nonlinear Optics and Photonics, NATO ASI Ser. E 194, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1991. (i) D. J. Williams and P. N. Prasad, Introduction to Nonlinear Optical Effects in Molecules and Polymers, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1991. (j) S. R. Marder, J. E. Sohn and G. D. Stucky (eds), Materials for Nonlinear Optics: Chemical Perspectives, American Chemical Society, ACS Symp. Ser. No. 455, Washington, DC, 1991. (k) S. Miyata (ed), Nonlinear Optics: Fundamentals, Materials and Devices, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1992. (l) G. J. Ashwell and R. A. Hahn (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics III, Spec. Publ. No. 137, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1992. (m) G. R. Mohlmann (ed), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials VII, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 2285, Washington, DC, 1994. (n) S. R. Marder and J. W. Perry (eds), Organic, Metallo-organic, and Polymeric Materials for Nonlinear Optical Applications, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 2143, Washington, DC, 1994. (o) J. Zyss (ed.), Molecular Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Physics, and Devices, Academic Press, New York, 1994.
6. For books and conference proceedings on NLO see: (a) D. S. Chemla and J. Zyss (eds), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Molecules and Crystals, Vols. 1 and 2, Academic Press, New York, 1987. (b) Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 971, Washington, DC, 1988. (c) A. J. Heeger, J. Orenstein and D. R. Ulrich (eds), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Polymers, MRS Symp. Proc. 109, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1988. (d) J. Messier, F. Kajzar, P. Prasad and D. Ulrich (eds). Nonlinear Optical Effects in Organic Polymers, NATO ASI Ser. E 162, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1989. (e) R. A. Hahn and D. Bloor (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics, Spec. Publ. No. 69, The Royal Society of Chemistry, London, 1989. (f) J. L. Bredas and R. R. Chance (eds), Conjugated Polymeric Materials: Opportunities in Electronics, Optoelectronics, and Molecular Electronics, NATO ARW Ser. E 182, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1990. (g) R. A. Hahn and D. Bloor (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics II, Spec. Publ. No. 91, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1991. (h) J Messier, F. Kajar and P. Prasad (eds), Organic Molecules for Nonlinear Optics and Photonics, NATO ASI Ser. E 194, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1991. (i) D. J. Williams and P. N. Prasad, Introduction to Nonlinear Optical Effects in Molecules and Polymers, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1991. (j) S. R. Marder, J. E. Sohn and G. D. Stucky (eds), Materials for Nonlinear Optics: Chemical Perspectives, American Chemical Society, ACS Symp. Ser. No. 455, Washington, DC, 1991. (k) S. Miyata (ed), Nonlinear Optics: Fundamentals, Materials and Devices, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1992. (l) G. J. Ashwell and R. A. Hahn (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics III, Spec. Publ. No. 137, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1992. (m) G. R. Mohlmann (ed), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials VII, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 2285, Washington, DC, 1994. (n) S. R. Marder and J. W. Perry (eds), Organic, Metallo-organic, and Polymeric Materials for Nonlinear Optical Applications, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 2143, Washington, DC, 1994. (o) J. Zyss (ed.), Molecular Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Physics, and Devices, Academic Press, New York, 1994.
7. For books and conference proceedings on NLO see: (a) D. S. Chemla and J. Zyss (eds), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Molecules and Crystals, Vols. 1 and 2, Academic Press, New York, 1987. (b) Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 971, Washington, DC, 1988. (c) A. J. Heeger, J. Orenstein and D. R. Ulrich (eds), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Polymers, MRS Symp. Proc. 109, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1988. (d) J. Messier, F. Kajzar, P. Prasad and D. Ulrich (eds). Nonlinear Optical Effects in Organic Polymers, NATO ASI Ser. E 162, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1989. (e) R. A. Hahn and D. Bloor (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics, Spec. Publ. No. 69, The Royal Society of Chemistry, London, 1989. (f) J. L. Bredas and R. R. Chance (eds), Conjugated Polymeric Materials: Opportunities in Electronics, Optoelectronics, and Molecular Electronics, NATO ARW Ser. E 182, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1990. (g) R. A. Hahn and D. Bloor (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics II, Spec. Publ. No. 91, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1991. (h) J Messier, F. Kajar and P. Prasad (eds), Organic Molecules for Nonlinear Optics and Photonics, NATO ASI Ser. E 194, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1991. (i) D. J. Williams and P. N. Prasad, Introduction to Nonlinear Optical Effects in Molecules and Polymers, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1991. (j) S. R. Marder, J. E. Sohn and G. D. Stucky (eds), Materials for Nonlinear Optics: Chemical Perspectives, American Chemical Society, ACS Symp. Ser. No. 455, Washington, DC, 1991. (k) S. Miyata (ed), Nonlinear Optics: Fundamentals, Materials and Devices, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1992. (l) G. J. Ashwell and R. A. Hahn (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics III, Spec. Publ. No. 137, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1992. (m) G. R. Mohlmann (ed), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials VII, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 2285, Washington, DC, 1994. (n) S. R. Marder and J. W. Perry (eds), Organic, Metallo-organic, and Polymeric Materials for Nonlinear Optical Applications, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 2143, Washington, DC, 1994. (o) J. Zyss (ed.), Molecular Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Physics, and Devices, Academic Press, New York, 1994.
8. For books and conference proceedings on NLO see: (a) D. S. Chemla and J. Zyss (eds), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Molecules and Crystals, Vols. 1 and 2, Academic Press, New York, 1987. (b) Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 971, Washington, DC, 1988. (c) A. J. Heeger, J. Orenstein and D. R. Ulrich (eds), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Polymers, MRS Symp. Proc. 109, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1988. (d) J. Messier, F. Kajzar, P. Prasad and D. Ulrich (eds). Nonlinear Optical Effects in Organic Polymers, NATO ASI Ser. E 162, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1989. (e) R. A. Hahn and D. Bloor (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics, Spec. Publ. No. 69, The Royal Society of Chemistry, London, 1989. (f) J. L. Bredas and R. R. Chance (eds), Conjugated Polymeric Materials: Opportunities in Electronics, Optoelectronics, and Molecular Electronics, NATO ARW Ser. E 182, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1990. (g) R. A. Hahn and D. Bloor (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics II, Spec. Publ. No. 91, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1991. (h) J Messier, F. Kajar and P. Prasad (eds), Organic Molecules for Nonlinear Optics and Photonics, NATO ASI Ser. E 194, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1991. (i) D. J. Williams and P. N. Prasad, Introduction to Nonlinear Optical Effects in Molecules and Polymers, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1991. (j) S. R. Marder, J. E. Sohn and G. D. Stucky (eds), Materials for Nonlinear Optics: Chemical Perspectives, American Chemical Society, ACS Symp. Ser. No. 455, Washington, DC, 1991. (k) S. Miyata (ed), Nonlinear Optics: Fundamentals, Materials and Devices, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1992. (l) G. J. Ashwell and R. A. Hahn (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics III, Spec. Publ. No. 137, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1992. (m) G. R. Mohlmann (ed), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials VII, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 2285, Washington, DC, 1994. (n) S. R. Marder and J. W. Perry (eds), Organic, Metallo-organic, and Polymeric Materials for Nonlinear Optical Applications, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 2143, Washington, DC, 1994. (o) J. Zyss (ed.), Molecular Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Physics, and Devices, Academic Press, New York, 1994.
9. For books and conference proceedings on NLO see: (a) D. S. Chemla and J. Zyss (eds), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Molecules and Crystals, Vols. 1 and 2, Academic Press, New York, 1987. (b) Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 971, Washington, DC, 1988. (c) A. J. Heeger, J. Orenstein and D. R. Ulrich (eds), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Polymers, MRS Symp. Proc. 109, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1988. (d) J. Messier, F. Kajzar, P. Prasad and D. Ulrich (eds). Nonlinear Optical Effects in Organic Polymers, NATO ASI Ser. E 162, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1989. (e) R. A. Hahn and D. Bloor (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics, Spec. Publ. No. 69, The Royal Society of Chemistry, London, 1989. (f) J. L. Bredas and R. R. Chance (eds), Conjugated Polymeric Materials: Opportunities in Electronics, Optoelectronics, and Molecular Electronics, NATO ARW Ser. E 182, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1990. (g) R. A. Hahn and D. Bloor (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics II, Spec. Publ. No. 91, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1991. (h) J Messier, F. Kajar and P. Prasad (eds), Organic Molecules for Nonlinear Optics and Photonics, NATO ASI Ser. E 194, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1991. (i) D. J. Williams and P. N. Prasad, Introduction to Nonlinear Optical Effects in Molecules and Polymers, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1991. (j) S. R. Marder, J. E. Sohn and G. D. Stucky (eds), Materials for Nonlinear Optics: Chemical Perspectives, American Chemical Society, ACS Symp. Ser. No. 455, Washington, DC, 1991. (k) S. Miyata (ed), Nonlinear Optics: Fundamentals, Materials and Devices, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1992. (l) G. J. Ashwell and R. A. Hahn (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics III, Spec. Publ. No. 137, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1992. (m) G. R. Mohlmann (ed), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials VII, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 2285, Washington, DC, 1994. (n) S. R. Marder and J. W. Perry (eds), Organic, Metallo-organic, and Polymeric Materials for Nonlinear Optical Applications, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 2143, Washington, DC, 1994. (o) J. Zyss (ed.), Molecular Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Physics, and Devices, Academic Press, New York, 1994.
10. For books and conference proceedings on NLO see: (a) D. S. Chemla and J. Zyss (eds), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Molecules and Crystals, Vols. 1 and 2, Academic Press, New York, 1987. (b) Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 971, Washington, DC, 1988. (c) A. J. Heeger, J. Orenstein and D. R. Ulrich (eds), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Polymers, MRS Symp. Proc. 109, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1988. (d) J. Messier, F. Kajzar, P. Prasad and D. Ulrich (eds). Nonlinear Optical Effects in Organic Polymers, NATO ASI Ser. E 162, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1989. (e) R. A. Hahn and D. Bloor (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics, Spec. Publ. No. 69, The Royal Society of Chemistry, London, 1989. (f) J. L. Bredas and R. R. Chance (eds), Conjugated Polymeric Materials: Opportunities in Electronics, Optoelectronics, and Molecular Electronics, NATO ARW Ser. E 182, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1990. (g) R. A. Hahn and D. Bloor (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics II, Spec. Publ. No. 91, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1991. (h) J Messier, F. Kajar and P. Prasad (eds), Organic Molecules for Nonlinear Optics and Photonics, NATO ASI Ser. E 194, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1991. (i) D. J. Williams and P. N. Prasad, Introduction to Nonlinear Optical Effects in Molecules and Polymers, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1991. (j) S. R. Marder, J. E. Sohn and G. D. Stucky (eds), Materials for Nonlinear Optics: Chemical Perspectives, American Chemical Society, ACS Symp. Ser. No. 455, Washington, DC, 1991. (k) S. Miyata (ed), Nonlinear Optics: Fundamentals, Materials and Devices, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1992. (l) G. J. Ashwell and R. A. Hahn (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics III, Spec. Publ. No. 137, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1992. (m) G. R. Mohlmann (ed), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials VII, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 2285, Washington, DC, 1994. (n) S. R. Marder and J. W. Perry (eds), Organic, Metallo-organic, and Polymeric Materials for Nonlinear Optical Applications, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 2143, Washington, DC, 1994. (o) J. Zyss (ed.), Molecular Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Physics, and Devices, Academic Press, New York, 1994.
11. For books and conference proceedings on NLO see: (a) D. S. Chemla and J. Zyss (eds), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Molecules and Crystals, Vols. 1 and 2, Academic Press, New York, 1987. (b) Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 971, Washington, DC, 1988. (c) A. J. Heeger, J. Orenstein and D. R. Ulrich (eds), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Polymers, MRS Symp. Proc. 109, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1988. (d) J. Messier, F. Kajzar, P. Prasad and D. Ulrich (eds). Nonlinear Optical Effects in Organic Polymers, NATO ASI Ser. E 162, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1989. (e) R. A. Hahn and D. Bloor (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics, Spec. Publ. No. 69, The Royal Society of Chemistry, London, 1989. (f) J. L. Bredas and R. R. Chance (eds), Conjugated Polymeric Materials: Opportunities in Electronics, Optoelectronics, and Molecular Electronics, NATO ARW Ser. E 182, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1990. (g) R. A. Hahn and D. Bloor (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics II, Spec. Publ. No. 91, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1991. (h) J Messier, F. Kajar and P. Prasad (eds), Organic Molecules for Nonlinear Optics and Photonics, NATO ASI Ser. E 194, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1991. (i) D. J. Williams and P. N. Prasad, Introduction to Nonlinear Optical Effects in Molecules and Polymers, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1991. (j) S. R. Marder, J. E. Sohn and G. D. Stucky (eds), Materials for Nonlinear Optics: Chemical Perspectives, American Chemical Society, ACS Symp. Ser. No. 455, Washington, DC, 1991. (k) S. Miyata (ed), Nonlinear Optics: Fundamentals, Materials and Devices, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1992. (l) G. J. Ashwell and R. A. Hahn (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics III, Spec. Publ. No. 137, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1992. (m) G. R. Mohlmann (ed), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials VII, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 2285, Washington, DC, 1994. (n) S. R. Marder and J. W. Perry (eds), Organic, Metallo-organic, and Polymeric Materials for Nonlinear Optical Applications, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 2143, Washington, DC, 1994. (o) J. Zyss (ed.), Molecular Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Physics, and Devices, Academic Press, New York, 1994.
12. For books and conference proceedings on NLO see: (a) D. S. Chemla and J. Zyss (eds), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Molecules and Crystals, Vols. 1 and 2, Academic Press, New York, 1987. (b) Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 971, Washington, DC, 1988. (c) A. J. Heeger, J. Orenstein and D. R. Ulrich (eds), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Polymers, MRS Symp. Proc. 109, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1988. (d) J. Messier, F. Kajzar, P. Prasad and D. Ulrich (eds). Nonlinear Optical Effects in Organic Polymers, NATO ASI Ser. E 162, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1989. (e) R. A. Hahn and D. Bloor (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics, Spec. Publ. No. 69, The Royal Society of Chemistry, London, 1989. (f) J. L. Bredas and R. R. Chance (eds), Conjugated Polymeric Materials: Opportunities in Electronics, Optoelectronics, and Molecular Electronics, NATO ARW Ser. E 182, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1990. (g) R. A. Hahn and D. Bloor (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics II, Spec. Publ. No. 91, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1991. (h) J Messier, F. Kajar and P. Prasad (eds), Organic Molecules for Nonlinear Optics and Photonics, NATO ASI Ser. E 194, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1991. (i) D. J. Williams and P. N. Prasad, Introduction to Nonlinear Optical Effects in Molecules and Polymers, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1991. (j) S. R. Marder, J. E. Sohn and G. D. Stucky (eds), Materials for Nonlinear Optics: Chemical Perspectives, American Chemical Society, ACS Symp. Ser. No. 455, Washington, DC, 1991. (k) S. Miyata (ed), Nonlinear Optics: Fundamentals, Materials and Devices, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1992. (l) G. J. Ashwell and R. A. Hahn (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics III, Spec. Publ. No. 137, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1992. (m) G. R. Mohlmann (ed), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials VII, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 2285, Washington, DC, 1994. (n) S. R. Marder and J. W. Perry (eds), Organic, Metallo-organic, and Polymeric Materials for Nonlinear Optical Applications, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 2143, Washington, DC, 1994. (o) J. Zyss (ed.), Molecular Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Physics, and Devices, Academic Press, New York, 1994.
13. For books and conference proceedings on NLO see: (a) D. S. Chemla and J. Zyss (eds), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Molecules and Crystals, Vols. 1 and 2, Academic Press, New York, 1987. (b) Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 971, Washington, DC, 1988. (c) A. J. Heeger, J. Orenstein and D. R. Ulrich (eds), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Polymers, MRS Symp. Proc. 109, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1988. (d) J. Messier, F. Kajzar, P. Prasad and D. Ulrich (eds). Nonlinear Optical Effects in Organic Polymers, NATO ASI Ser. E 162, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1989. (e) R. A. Hahn and D. Bloor (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics, Spec. Publ. No. 69, The Royal Society of Chemistry, London, 1989. (f) J. L. Bredas and R. R. Chance (eds), Conjugated Polymeric Materials: Opportunities in Electronics, Optoelectronics, and Molecular Electronics, NATO ARW Ser. E 182, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1990. (g) R. A. Hahn and D. Bloor (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics II, Spec. Publ. No. 91, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1991. (h) J Messier, F. Kajar and P. Prasad (eds), Organic Molecules for Nonlinear Optics and Photonics, NATO ASI Ser. E 194, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1991. (i) D. J. Williams and P. N. Prasad, Introduction to Nonlinear Optical Effects in Molecules and Polymers, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1991. (j) S. R. Marder, J. E. Sohn and G. D. Stucky (eds), Materials for Nonlinear Optics: Chemical Perspectives, American Chemical Society, ACS Symp. Ser. No. 455, Washington, DC, 1991. (k) S. Miyata (ed), Nonlinear Optics: Fundamentals, Materials and Devices, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1992. (l) G. J. Ashwell and R. A. Hahn (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics III, Spec. Publ. No. 137, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1992. (m) G. R. Mohlmann (ed), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials VII, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 2285, Washington, DC, 1994. (n) S. R. Marder and J. W. Perry (eds), Organic, Metallo-organic, and Polymeric Materials for Nonlinear Optical Applications, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 2143, Washington, DC, 1994. (o) J. Zyss (ed.), Molecular Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Physics, and Devices, Academic Press, New York, 1994.
14. For books and conference proceedings on NLO see: (a) D. S. Chemla and J. Zyss (eds), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Molecules and Crystals, Vols. 1 and 2, Academic Press, New York, 1987. (b) Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 971, Washington, DC, 1988. (c) A. J. Heeger, J. Orenstein and D. R. Ulrich (eds), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Polymers, MRS Symp. Proc. 109, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1988. (d) J. Messier, F. Kajzar, P. Prasad and D. Ulrich (eds). Nonlinear Optical Effects in Organic Polymers, NATO ASI Ser. E 162, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1989. (e) R. A. Hahn and D. Bloor (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics, Spec. Publ. No. 69, The Royal Society of Chemistry, London, 1989. (f) J. L. Bredas and R. R. Chance (eds), Conjugated Polymeric Materials: Opportunities in Electronics, Optoelectronics, and Molecular Electronics, NATO ARW Ser. E 182, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1990. (g) R. A. Hahn and D. Bloor (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics II, Spec. Publ. No. 91, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1991. (h) J Messier, F. Kajar and P. Prasad (eds), Organic Molecules for Nonlinear Optics and Photonics, NATO ASI Ser. E 194, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1991. (i) D. J. Williams and P. N. Prasad, Introduction to Nonlinear Optical Effects in Molecules and Polymers, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1991. (j) S. R. Marder, J. E. Sohn and G. D. Stucky (eds), Materials for Nonlinear Optics: Chemical Perspectives, American Chemical Society, ACS Symp. Ser. No. 455, Washington, DC, 1991. (k) S. Miyata (ed), Nonlinear Optics: Fundamentals, Materials and Devices, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1992. (l) G. J. Ashwell and R. A. Hahn (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics III, Spec. Publ. No. 137, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1992. (m) G. R. Mohlmann (ed), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials VII, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 2285, Washington, DC, 1994. (n) S. R. Marder and J. W. Perry (eds), Organic, Metallo-organic, and Polymeric Materials for Nonlinear Optical Applications, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 2143, Washington, DC, 1994. (o) J. Zyss (ed.), Molecular Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Physics, and Devices, Academic Press, New York, 1994.
15. For books and conference proceedings on NLO see: (a) D. S. Chemla and J. Zyss (eds), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Molecules and Crystals, Vols. 1 and 2, Academic Press, New York, 1987. (b) Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 971, Washington, DC, 1988. (c) A. J. Heeger, J. Orenstein and D. R. Ulrich (eds), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Polymers, MRS Symp. Proc. 109, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1988. (d) J. Messier, F. Kajzar, P. Prasad and D. Ulrich (eds). Nonlinear Optical Effects in Organic Polymers, NATO ASI Ser. E 162, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1989. (e) R. A. Hahn and D. Bloor (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics, Spec. Publ. No. 69, The Royal Society of Chemistry, London, 1989. (f) J. L. Bredas and R. R. Chance (eds), Conjugated Polymeric Materials: Opportunities in Electronics, Optoelectronics, and Molecular Electronics, NATO ARW Ser. E 182, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1990. (g) R. A. Hahn and D. Bloor (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics II, Spec. Publ. No. 91, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1991. (h) J Messier, F. Kajar and P. Prasad (eds), Organic Molecules for Nonlinear Optics and Photonics, NATO ASI Ser. E 194, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1991. (i) D. J. Williams and P. N. Prasad, Introduction to Nonlinear Optical Effects in Molecules and Polymers, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1991. (j) S. R. Marder, J. E. Sohn and G. D. Stucky (eds), Materials for Nonlinear Optics: Chemical Perspectives, American Chemical Society, ACS Symp. Ser. No. 455, Washington, DC, 1991. (k) S. Miyata (ed), Nonlinear Optics: Fundamentals, Materials and Devices, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1992. (l) G. J. Ashwell and R. A. Hahn (eds), Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics III, Spec. Publ. No. 137, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1992. (m) G. R. Mohlmann (ed), Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials VII, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 2285, Washington, DC, 1994. (n) S. R. Marder and J. W. Perry (eds), Organic, Metallo-organic, and Polymeric Materials for Nonlinear Optical Applications, Proc. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 2143, Washington, DC, 1994. (o) J. Zyss (ed.), Molecular Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Physics, and Devices, Academic Press, New York, 1994.
16. For reviews on NLO see: (a) D. J. Williams, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 23 690 (1984). (b) D. M. Burland (ed.), Optical Nonlinearities in Chemistry, Chem. Rev. 94 (1994). (c) N. J. Long, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34, 21 (1995). (d) T. J. Marks and M. A. Ratner, ibid. 34, 155 (1995). (e) A. Garito, R. F. Shi and M. Wu, Physics Today, 51 (May 1994).
17. For reviews on NLO see: (a) D. J. Williams, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 23 690 (1984). (b) D. M. Burland (ed.), Optical Nonlinearities in Chemistry, Chem. Rev. 94 (1994). (c) N. J. Long, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34, 21 (1995). (d) T. J. Marks and M. A. Ratner, ibid. 34, 155 (1995). (e) A. Garito, R. F. Shi and M. Wu, Physics Today, 51 (May 1994).
18. For reviews on NLO see: (a) D. J. Williams, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 23 690 (1984). (b) D. M. Burland (ed.), Optical Nonlinearities in Chemistry, Chem. Rev. 94 (1994). (c) N. J. Long, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34, 21 (1995). (d) T. J. Marks and M. A. Ratner, ibid. 34, 155 (1995). (e) A. Garito, R. F. Shi and M. Wu, Physics Today, 51 (May 1994).
19. For reviews on NLO see: (a) D. J. Williams, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 23 690 (1984). (b) D. M. Burland (ed.), Optical Nonlinearities in Chemistry, Chem. Rev. 94 (1994). (c) N. J. Long, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34, 21 (1995). (d) T. J. Marks and M. A. Ratner, ibid. 34, 155 (1995). (e) A. Garito, R. F. Shi and M. Wu, Physics Today, 51 (May 1994).
20. For reviews on NLO see: (a) D. J. Williams, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 23 690 (1984). (b) D. M. Burland (ed.), Optical Nonlinearities in Chemistry, Chem. Rev. 94 (1994). (c) N. J. Long, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34, 21 (1995). (d) T. J. Marks and M. A. Ratner, ibid. 34, 155 (1995). (e) A. Garito, R. F. Shi and M. Wu, Physics Today, 51 (May 1994).
21. (a) L.-T. Cheng, W. Tam, S. H. Stevenson, G. R. Meredith, G. Rikken and S. R. Marder, J. Phys. Chem. 95, 10631 (1991).
22. (b) L.-T. Cheng, W. Tam, S. R. Marder, A. E. Stiegman, G. Rikken and C. W. Spangler, ibid. 95, 10643 (1991).
23. (a) M. T. Zhao, B. P. Singh and P. N. Prasad, J. Chem. Phys. 89, 5535 (1988).
24. (b) M. T. Zhao, M. Samoc, B. P. Singh and P. N. Prasad, J. Phys. Chem. 93, 7916 (1989).
25. (a) M. T. Zhao, M. Samoc, P. N. Prasad, B. A. Reinhardt, M. R. Unroe, M. Prazak, R. C. Evers, J. J. Kane, C. Jariwala and M. Sinsky, Chem. Mater. 2, 670 (1990).
26. (b) B. A. Reinhardt, M. R. Unroe, R. C. Evers, M. Zhao, M. Samoc, P. N. Prasad and M. Sinsky, ibid. 3, 834 (1991).
27. See, for example: (a) A. F. Garito, J. R. Heflin, K. Y. Wong and O. Zamani'Khamiri, in Ref. 1c, p. 91. (b) D. N. Beratan, J. N. Onuchic and J. W. Perry, J. Phys. Chem. 91, 2696 (1987).
28. See, for example: (a) A. F. Garito, J. R. Heflin, K. Y. Wong and O. Zamani'Khamiri, in Ref. 1c, p. 91. (b) D. N. Beratan, J. N. Onuchic and J. W. Perry, J. Phys. Chem. 91, 2696 (1987).
29. P. N. Prasad, in Ref. 1j, p. 50.
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32. (c) C. C. Frazier, E. A. Chauchard, M. P. Cockerham and P L. Porter, in Ref. 1c, p. 323.
33. (d) J. W. Perry, A. E. Stiegman, S. R. Marder and D. R. Coulter, in Ref. 1e, p. 189.
34. (e) S. Guha, C. C. Frazier, P. L. Porter, K. Kang and S. E. Finberg, Opt. Lett. 14, 952 (1989).
35. (f) S. Ghosal, M. Samoc, P. N. Prasad and J. J. Tufariello, J. Phys. Chem. 94, 2847 (1990).
36. (g) W. J. Blau, H J. Byrne, D. J. Cardin and A. P. Davey, J. Mater. Chem. 1, 245 (1991).
37. (a) Z. Yuan, N. J. Taylor, T. B. Marder, I. D. Williams, S. K. Kurtz and L.-T. Cheng, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1489 (1990).
38. (b) Z. Yuan, N. J. Taylor, T. B. Marder, I. D. Williams, S. K. Kurtz and L.-T. Cheng, in Ref. 1g, p. 190.
39. (c) Z. Yuan, N. J. Taylor, Y. Sun, T. B. Marder, I. D. Williams and L.-T. Cheng, J. Organomet. Chem. 449, 27 (1993).
40. (d) Z. Yuan, N. J. Taylor, T. B. Marder and L.-T. Cheng, manuscript in preparation,
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42. (f) M. Lequan, R. M. Lequan, K. C. Ching, M. Barzoukas, A. Fort, H. Lahoucine, G. Bravie, D. Chasseau and J. Gaultier, ibid. 2, 719 (1992)
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50. See, for example: (a) T. R. Welberry, R. D. C. Jones and A. J. Epstein, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B. 38, 1518 (1982). (b) H. D. Becker, V. A. Patrick and A. H. White, Aust. J. Chem. 37, 2215 (1984). (c) H. Lehmkuhl, A. Shakoor, K. Mehler, C. Kruger, K. Angermund and Y.-H. Tsay, Chem. Ber. 118, 4239 (1985). (d) J. Trotter, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C, 24, 862 (1986). (e) H.-D. Becker, B. W. Skelton, H. Sorensen and A. H. White, Aust. J. Chem. 42, 593 (1989).
51. See, for example: (a) T. R. Welberry, R. D. C. Jones and A. J. Epstein, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B. 38, 1518 (1982). (b) H. D. Becker, V. A. Patrick and A. H. White, Aust. J. Chem. 37, 2215 (1984). (c) H. Lehmkuhl, A. Shakoor, K. Mehler, C. Kruger, K. Angermund and Y.-H. Tsay, Chem. Ber. 118, 4239 (1985). (d) J. Trotter, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C, 24, 862 (1986). (e) H.-D. Becker, B. W. Skelton, H. Sorensen and A. H. White, Aust. J. Chem. 42, 593 (1989).
52. See, for example: (a) T. R. Welberry, R. D. C. Jones and A. J. Epstein, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B. 38, 1518 (1982). (b) H. D. Becker, V. A. Patrick and A. H. White, Aust. J. Chem. 37, 2215 (1984). (c) H. Lehmkuhl, A. Shakoor, K. Mehler, C. Kruger, K. Angermund and Y.-H. Tsay, Chem. Ber. 118, 4239 (1985). (d) J. Trotter, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C, 24, 862 (1986). (e) H.-D. Becker, B. W. Skelton, H. Sorensen and A. H. White, Aust. J. Chem. 42, 593 (1989).
53. See, for example: (a) T. R. Welberry, R. D. C. Jones and A. J. Epstein, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B. 38, 1518 (1982). (b) H. D. Becker, V. A. Patrick and A. H. White, Aust. J. Chem. 37, 2215 (1984). (c) H. Lehmkuhl, A. Shakoor, K. Mehler, C. Kruger, K. Angermund and Y.-H. Tsay, Chem. Ber. 118, 4239 (1985). (d) J. Trotter, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C, 24, 862 (1986). (e) H.-D. Becker, B. W. Skelton, H. Sorensen and A. H. White, Aust. J. Chem. 42, 593 (1989).
54. Z. Yuan, G. Stringer, I. R. Jobe, D. Kreller, K. Scott, L. Koch, N. J. Taylor and T. B. Marder, J. Organomet. Chem. 452, 115 (1993).
55. A. Pelter, N. N. Singaram and H. Brown Tetrahedron Lett. 24, 1433 (1983).
56. G. M. Sheldrick, SHELXTL Plus, University of Gottingen, FRG, 1986.
57. D. T. Cromer and J. T. Waber, in: International Tables for X-ray Crystallography, Vol. IV, Kynoch Press, Birmingham, 1974, Table 2.2B.