CO2 and Nd:YAG laser beam welding of 6111-T4 aluminum alloy for automotive applications

Journal of Laser Applications

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 101-115

  Ramasamy, S ^a   Albright, C E ^b  

^a Emhart Automotive   (United States)

^b OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

6111 T4 aluminum; Brittle interdendritic failure; Dendritic structure; Ductile rupture; Elongation; Laser beam welding; Tailor welded blanks

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001113595     PISSN: 1042346X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2351/1.521923     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. J. R. Kazmier, "Aluminum takes to the road," Adv. Mater. Proc. 1, 42-44 (1994).
2. M. J. Von Wurtemberg, "Lightweight materials for automotive applications," I&SM 21, 11-21 (1994).
3. "Laser welding of aluminum sheet for tailored blank application," Outline for Joint EWI/TWI Proposal (Edison Welding Institute, Columbus, OH).
4. B. Irving, "Blank welding forces automakers to sit up and take notice," Weld. J. (Miami) 71, 39-45 (1991).
5. K. R. Van Horn, "Aluminum," Properties, Physical Metallurgy and Phase Diagrams (American Society for Metals, Metals Park, OH, 1967), Vol. I.
6. D. J. Smith et al., "Laser beam welding of aluminum alloys for automotive applications," Proceedings of the 1994 SAE International Congress and Exposition (Society of Automotive Engineers, Detroit, 1994).
7. H. Sakamoto, K. Shibata, and F. Dausinger, "Laser welding of different aluminum alloys," Proceedings of the 12th International conference on Applications of Lasers and Electro Optics, ICALEO (Laser Institute of America, Orlando, FL, 1992), Vol. 71, p. 523.
8. M. J. Cieslak and P. W. Feurschbach, "On the weldability, composition, and hardness of pulsed and continuous Nd:YAG laser welds in aluminum alloys 6061, 5456 and 5086," Metall. Trans. B 19B, 319-329 (1988).
9. R. P. Meister and D. C. Martin, "Welding of aluminum alloys, DMIC Report 236," Defense Metals Information Center (Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, 1967).
10. R. P. Martukanitz, "Selection and weldability of heat-treatable aluminum alloys," ASM Handbook, Welding, Brazing and Soldering (American Society for Metals, Metals Park, OH, 1993), pp. 528-536.
11. C. E. Cross and M. L. Kohn, "Selection and weldability of non-heat-treatable aluminum alloys," ASM Handbook, Welding, Brazing and Soldering, Vol. 6, pp. 537-540.
12. Mazumder, "Laser welding: State of the art review," J. Met. 34, 16 (1982).
13. D. B. Snow and E. M. Breinan, Evaluation of basic welding capabilities (United Technologies Research Center, East Hartford, CT, 1978).
14. W. M. Steen, Laser Material Processing (Springer, London, 1991) pp. 108-144.
15. J. C. Lippold and W. Lin, "Understanding and avoiding defects in welds, Class Notes. WE 694, Department of Welding Engineering (The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 1984).
16. L. Wangen, Pratt and Whitney (private communication).
17. J. Lippold (private communication).
18. T. A. Marsico and R. Kossowsky, "Laser beam welding of aluminum alloy plates 7039, 5083 and 2090," Laser Material Processing, ICALEO '89 (Laser Institute of America, Orlando, FL), Vol. 69, pp. 61-71.
19. "Modifications to pulse shape of LBW reduce aluminum weld defects," Weld. Des. Fabric., September 1994, pp. 45-50.
20. A. Blake and J. Mazumder, "Control of magnesium loss during laser welding of Al-5083 using a plasma suppression technique," J. Eng. Ind. 107, 275-280 (1985).
21. S. Kou and Y. Le, Metall. Trans. A 14A, 2245 (1983).
22. J. N. Lanzafane and T. Z. Kattamis, Weld. J. (Miami) 52, 226 (1973).
23. P. E. Brown and C. M. Adams, Jr., Weld. J. (Miami) 39, 520 (1960).
24. M. F. Jordan and M. C. Colemen, Br. Weld. J. 15, 552 (1968).
25. S. Kou, Welding Metallurgy (Wiley, New York, 1987), pp. 152-162.
26. R. E. Spear and G. R. Gardner, Trans. Am. Foundaryman Soc. 71, 209 (1963).
27. T. F. Bower, H. D. Brody, and M. C. Flemings, Trans. AIME 236, 624 (1966).
28. T. S. Plaskett and W. C. Winegard, Can. J. Phys. 38, 1077 (1960).
29. S. Kou and Y. Le, Weld. J. (Miami) 65, 305 (1986).
30. T. Fukui and K. Namba, Trans. Jpn. Weld. Soc. 4, 49 (1973).
31. W. F. Savage and A. H. Aronson, "Preferred orientation in the weld fusion zone," Weld. J. Res. Suppl. 85s-89s (1966).
32. H. Nakagawa et al., J. Jpn. Weld. Soc. 39, 94 (1970).
33. H. Nakagawa et al., Trans. Jpn. Weld. Soc. 2, 10 (1971).
34. J. Waring, Aust. Weld. J. 11, 15 (1967).
35. M. Kato et al., Trans. Jpn. Weld. Soc. 2, 1 (1972).
36. W. F. Savage, E. F. Nippes, and J. S. Erickson, "Solidification mechanisms in fusion welds," Weld. J. Res. Suppl. 214s-221s (1976).
37. F. Matsuda, Y. Arata, S. Mukae, and M. Katoh, Trans. JWRI 2, 55 (1973).
38. V. Kerlins and A. Philips, "Modes of fracture," ASM Metals Handbook Fractography, 9th ed. (ASTM, Metals Park, OH, 1987).
39. Le May, Metallography in Failure Analysis, edited by J. L. McCall and P. M. French (American Society for Metals, Metals Park, OH, 1977).
40. C. D. Beachem, Metall. Trans. A 6A, 377-383 (1975).
41. C. D. Beachem and D. A. Meyn, Electron Fractography (American Society for Testing and Materials, Metals Parks, OH, 1968), p 59.
42. S. Chaing and C. E. Albright, "Laser-material interactions in laser material processing," Proc. SPIE 522-531 (1988).