Electroabsorption spectroscopy of luminescent and nonluminescent π-conjugated polymers

Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics

Volumn 56, Issue 24, 1997, Pages 15712-15724

  Liess, M ^a   Jeglinski, S ^a   Vardeny, Z ^a   Ozaki, M ^b   Yoshino, K ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF UTAH   (United States)

^b OSAKA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001072160     PISSN: 10980121     EISSN: 1550235X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.15712     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. M. Cardona, Solid State Physics Supplement 11: Modulation Spectroscopy (Academic Press, New York, 1969).
2. W. V. Houston, Phys. Rev. 57, 184 (1940).
3. L. V. Keldysh, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 34, 1138 (1958) [Sov. Phys. JETP 7, 788 (1958)].
4. G. H. Wannier, Rev. Mod. Phys. 34, 645 (1962).
5. K. Tharmalingam, Phys. Rev. 130, 2204 (1963).
6. D. Redfield, Phys. Rev. 130, 914 (1963).
7. D. Redfield, Phys. Rev. 140, A2056 (1965).
8. J. Callaway, Phys. Rev. 130, 549 (1963).
9. J. Callaway, Phys. Rev. 134, A998 (1964).
10. R. Enderlein, Phys. Status Solidi 20, 295 (1967).
11. R. Enderlein and R. Keiper, Phys. Status Solidi 23, 127 (1967).
12. R. Enderlein and R. Keiper, Phys. Status Solidi 19, 673 (1967).
13. D. F. Blossey, Phys. Rev. B 2, 3976 (1970).
14. D. F. Blossey, Phys. Rev. B 3, 1382 (1971).
15. Y. Hamakawa, F. A. Germano, and P. Handler, Phys. Rev. 167, 703 (1968).
16. A. Frova and P. Handler, Phys. Rev. 137, A1857 (1965).
17. A. Frova et al., Phys. Rev. 145, 575 (1966).
18. P. Handler, Phys. Rev. 137, A1862 (1965).
19. D. E. Aspnes, Phys. Rev. 147, 554 (1966).
20. D. E. Aspnes, Phys. Rev. 153, 97 (1967).
21. D. E. Aspnes, P. Handler, and D. F. Blossey, Phys. Rev. 166, 921 (1968).
22. D. E. Aspnes and J. E. Rowe, Phys. Rev. B 5, 4022 (1972).
23. D. E. Aspnes, Surf. Sci. 37, 418 (1973).
24. D. E. Aspnes and J. E. Rowe, Solid State Commun. 8, 1145 (1970).
25. B. O. Seraphin, Phys. Rev. 140, A1716 (1965).
26. B. O. Seraphin and N. Bottka, Phys. Rev. 145, 628 (1966).
27. L. Sebastian and G. Weiser, Chem. Phys. Lett. 64, 396 (1979).
28. L. Sebastian and G. Weiser, Chem. Phys. 62, 447 (1981).
29. L. Sebastian and G. Weiser, Phys. Rev. Lett. 46, 1156 (1981).
30. D. Guo, S. Mazumdar, S. N. Dixit, F. Kajzar, F. Jarka, Y. Kawabe, and N. Peyghambarian, Phys. Rev. B 48, 1433 (1993).
31. D. Guo et. al Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 256, 105 (1994).
32. G. Weiser, Phys. Rev. B 45, 14 076 (1992).
33. Á. Horváth, H. Bässler, and G. Weiser, Phys. Status Solidi B 173, 755 (1992).
34. Á. Horváth, G. Weiser, G. L. Baker, and S. Etemad, Phys. Rev. B 51, 2751 (1995).
35. Á. Horváth, G. Weiser, C. Lapersonne-Meyer, M. Schott, and S. Spagnoli, Phys. Rev. B 53, 13 507 (1996).
36. J. Orenstein, G. L. Baker, and Z. V. Vardeny, J. Phys. (Paris), Colloq. 44, C3-407 (1983).
37. S. D. Phillips, R. Worland, G. Yu, T. Hagler, R. Freedman, V. Yoon, J. Chiang, W. C. Walker, and A. J. Heeger, Phys. Rev. B 40, 975 (1989).
38. T. W. Hagler and A. J. Heeger, Phys. Rev. B 49, 7313 (1994).
39. T. Nishioka, T. Yamada, S. Shibahara, K. Ishikawa, H. Takezoe, and A. Fukuda, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1 36, 1099 (1997).
40. F. Rohlfing, D. D. C. Bradley, A. Eberhardt, K. Muller, J. Cornil, D. Beljonne, and J. L. Bredas, Synth. Met. 76, 35 (1996).
41. D. Beljonne, J. Cornil, Z. Shuai, J. L. Bredas, F. Rohlfing, D. D. C. Bradley, W. E. Torruelas, V. Ricci, and G. I. Stegeman, Phys. Rev. B 55, 1505 (1997).
42. O. M. Gelsen, D. D. C. Bradley, H. Murata, N. Takada, T. Tsutsui, and S. Saito, J. Appl. Phys. 71, 1064 (1992).
43. J. M. Leng, S. Jeglinski, X. Wei, R. E. Benner, Z. V. Vardeny, D. Guo, and S. Mazumdar, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 156 (1994).
44. Y. Tokura, T. Koda, A. Itsubo, M. Miyabayashi, K. Okuhara, and A. Uedov, J. Chem. Phys. 85, 99 (1992).
45. S. Jeglinski and Z. V. Vardeny, Synth. Met. 50, 509 (1992).
46. S. J. Martin, O. M. Gelsen, D. D. C. Bradley, and C. Botta, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 256, 591 (1994).
47. T. W. Hagler, K. Pakbaz, and A. J. Heeger, Phys. Rev. B 49, 10 968 (1994).
48. L. M. Blinov, S. P. Palto, G. Ruani, C. Taliani, A. A. Tevesov, S. G. Yudin, and R. Zamboni, Chem. Phys. Lett. 232, 401 (1995).
49. P. A. Lane, Z. V. Vardeny, M. Liess, J. Partee, J. Shinar, E. Ibrahim, and A. Frank, J. Phys. Chem. (to be published).
50. R. Louden, Am. J. Phys. 27, 649 (1959).
51. M. Shinada and S. Sugano, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 21, 1936 (1966).
52. S. Abe, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 58, 62 (1989).
53. T. Ogawa and T. Takagahara, Phys. Rev. B 43, 8138 (1991).
54. T. Ogawa and T. Takagahara, Phys. Rev. B 43, 14 325 (1991).
55. H. Haug and S. W. Koch, Quantum Theory of the Optical and Electronic Properties of Semiconductors, 2nd ed. (World Scientific, Singapore, 1993).
56. B. E. Kohler, in Conjugated Polymers, The Novel Science and Technology of Conducting and Nonlinear Optically Active Materials, edited by J. L. Brédas and R. Silbey (Kluwer Press, Dordrecht, 1991).
57. D. Baeriswyl, D. K. Campbell, and S. Mazumdar, in Conjugated Conducting Polymers, edited by H. G. Kiess (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1992).
58. D. Guo, S. Mazumdar et al., Phys. Rev. B 48, 1433 (1993).
59. S. Abe, J. Yu, and W. P. Su, Phys. Rev. B 45, 8264 (1992).
60. S. Abe, in Relaxation in Polymers, edited by T. Kobayshi (World Scientific, Singapore, 1993).
61. Z. G. Soos, D. Mukhopadhyay, and M. H. Hennessy, Chem. Phys. 210, 249 (1996).
62. B. J. Orr and J. F. Ward, Mol. Phys. 20, 53 (1971).
63. A. Willetts, J. E. Rice, D. M. Burland, and D. P. Shelton, J. Chem. Phys. 97, 7590 (1992).
64. Z. G. Soos, D. S. Galvao, and S. Etemad, Adv. Mater. 6, 280 (1994).
65. J. Cornil et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 233, 82 (1994).
66. M. J. Rice and Y. N. Gartstein, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 2504 (1994).
67. M. Chandross, S. Mazumdar, S. Jeglinski, X. Wei, Z. V. Vardeny, E. W. Kwock, and T. M. Miller, Phys. Rev. B 50, 14 702 (1994).
68. Y. N. Gartstein, M. J. Rice, and E. M. Conwell, Phys. Rev. B 51, 5546 (1995).
69. S. Jeglinski, Z. V. Vardeny, Y. Ding, and T. Barton, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 256, 87 (1994).
70. S. Mazumdar and M. Chandross, in Optical and Photonic Applications of Electroactive and Conducting Polymers, edited by S. C. Yang and P. Chandrasekhar, SPIE Proc. No. 2528 (The International Society of Optical Engineering, San Diego, California, 1995), p. 62.
71. K. Pickler, D. A. Halliday, D. D. C. Bradley, P. L. Burn, R. H. Friend, and A. B. Holmes, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 5, 7155 (1993).
72. M. Chandross, S. Mazumdar, M. Liess, P. A. Lane, Z. V. Vardeny, M. Hamaguchi, and K. Yoshino, Synth. Met. 84, 603 (1997).
73. Phys. Rev. B 55, 1486 (1997).
74. Y. Shimoi and S. Abe, Synth. Met. 78, 219 (1996).
75. M. Ozaki, M. Liess, R. E. Benner, Z. V. Vardeny, K. Yoshino, and R. Sugimoto, Synth. Met. 84, 511 (1997).
76. J. R. Heflin, K. Y. Wong, O. Zamoni-Khamiri, and A. F. Garitos, Phys. Rev. B 38, 1573 (1988).
77. P. C. M. McWilliams, G. W. Hayden, and Z. G. Soos, Phys. Rev. B 43, 9777 (1991).
78. S. N. Dixit, D. Guo, and S. Mazumdar, Phys. Rev. B 43, 6781 (1991).
79. J. Chem. Phys. 100, 1665 (1994).
80. D. Mukhopadhay and Z. G. Soos, J. Chem. Phys. 104, 1600 (1996).
81. C. Poga, T. M. Brown, M. G. Kuzyk, and C. W. Dirk, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 12, 531 (1995).
82. J. Kurti and H. Kuzmani, Phys. Rev. B 44, 597 (1991), and references therein.
83. E. Ehrenfreund, Z. V. Vardeny, O. Brafman, and B. Horovitz, Phys. Rev. B 36, 1535 (1987).
84. G. P. Brivio and E. Mulazi, Chem. Phys. Lett. 95, 555 (1983).
85. J. P. Hermann and J. Ducuing, J. Appl. Phys. 45, 5100 (1974).
86. Z. Shuai and J. L. Brédas, Phys. Rev. B 44, 5962 (1991).
87. H. Thienpont et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 2141 (1990).
88. L. P. Cheng et al., J. Phys. Chem. 95, 10 643 (1991).
89. Preliminary SOS model calculation of several nonluminescent polymers was published in M. Liess, S. Jeglinski, P. A. Lane, and Z. V. Vardeny, Synth. Met. 84, 891 (1997).
90. J. B. Van Beek, F. Kajzar, and A. C. Albrecht, J. Chem. Phys. 95, 6400 (1991).
91. R. K. Meyer, R. E. Benner, M. Ozaki, M. Liess, Z. V. Vardeny, K. Yoshino, Y. Ding, and T. Barton, Synth. Met. 84, 549 (1997).
92. Á. Horváth, G. Weiser, C. Lapersonne Meyer, M. Schott, and S. Spagnoli, Synth. Met. 84, 553 (1997).
93. P. Gomes da Costa and E. Conwell, Phys. Rev. B 48, 1993 (1993).
94. A. J. Heeger, S. Kivelson, J. R. Schrieffer, and W. P. Su, Rev. Mod. Phys. 60, 781 (1988).
95. S. V. Frolov, W. Gellermann, Z. V. Vardeny, M. Ozaki, and K. Yoshino, Synth. Met. 84, 493 (1997).
96. Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 4285 (1997).
97. C. M. Heller, I. H. Campbell, B. K. Laurich, D. L. Smith, D. D. C. Bradley, P. L. Burn, J. P. Ferraris, and K. Mullen, Phys. Rev. B 54, 5516 (1996).
98. R. G. Kepler and Z. G. Soos, Phys. Rev. B 43, 12 530 (1991).
99. C. H. Lee, G. Yu, D. Moses, and A. J. Heeger, Phys. Rev. B 49, 2396 (1994).
100. D. Moses, D. Comoretto, C. H. Lee, and A. J. Heeger, Synth. Met. 84, 559 (1997).