Life-styles and the environment: The case of energy

Daedalus

Volumn 125, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 113-138

  Schipper, Lee ^a  

^a LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001067203     PISSN: 00115266     EISSN: 15486192     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. See Nebojša Nakićenović, "Freeing Energy from Carbon," Dœdalus 125 (3) (Summer 1996).
2. C. Sheinbaum and L. Schipper, "Residential Sector Carbon Dioxide Emissions in OECD Countries, 1973-1989: A Comparative Analysis," The Energy Efficiency Challenge for Europe: Proceedings of the ECEEE Summer Study, vol. II, Rungstedgaord, Denmark, 3-5 June 1993 (Oslo, Norway: European Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, 1993), 255-268.
3. L. Schipper, S. Meyers, M. Grubb, M. Chadwick, and L. Kristoferson, World Energy: Building a Sitstainable Future (Stockholm: Stockholm Environment Institute, 1992);
4. and R. Howarth, L. Schipper, and B. Andersson, "The Structure and Intensity of Energy Use: Trends in Five OECD Nations," The Energy Journal 14 (2) (1993): 27-45.
5. L. Schipper, "Energy Efficiency and Human Activity: Lessons from the Past, Importance for the Future," report presented at the World Bank Development Conference, Washington, D.C., 3-4 May 1993.
6. L. Schipper, S. Bartlett, D. Hawk, and E. Vine, "Linking Life-Styles and Energy Use: A Matter of Time?," Annual Review of Energy 14 (1989): 273-320.
7. R. C. Cooper and L. Schipper, "The Efficiency of Energy Use in the USSR - An International Perspective," Energy - The International Journal 17 (1) (1992): 1-24.
8. L. Schipper and S. Meyers with R. Howarth and R. Steiner, Energy Efficiency and Human Activity: Past Trends, Future Prospects (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1992);
9. and Schipper, "Energy Efficiency and Human Activity: Lessons from the Past, Importance for the Future."
10. Schipper et al., "Linking Life-Styles and Energy Use: A Matter of Time?"
11. S. Meyers, L. Schipper, and J. Salay, "Energy Use in Poland: Analysis of Trends and International Comparison," Energy Policy 22 (1993): 699-713.
12. S. Szalai, ed., The Use of Time (The Hague: Mouton, 1972);
13. and J. Gershuny and S. Jones, Time Use in Seven Countries, 1961 to 1984 (Bath, England: University of Bath, 1987).
14. John P. Robinson, V. G. Andreyenkov, and V. D. Patrushev, The Rhythm of Everyday Life: How Soviet and American Citizens Use Time (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1988).
15. L. G. Carlsson, Energieanvaendning och strukturomvandling i byggnader. R22 (Stockholm: Swedish Council for Building Research, 1989);
16. G. H. Ketterød, Døgnet rundt: Tidsbruk og tidsorganisering 1970-90 (Oslo, Norway: Statistisk Sentralbyrå, 1992);
17. and G. V. Mogensen, Time and Consumption: Time Use and Consumption in Denmark in Recent Decades (Copenhagen: Danmarks Statistik, 1990).
18. Gershuny and Jones, Time Use in Seven Countries, 1961 to 1984.
19. Yacov Zahavi, Martin J. Beckmann, and Thomas F. Golob, The "UMOT"/Urban Interactions, Report No. DOT-RSPA-DBP-10-7 (Washington, D.C.: US Department of Transportation, January 1981), claimed a law of constant travel time according to which people on average spend about one hour per day traveling. If true, the distance they travel will increase with speed, particularly when they switch from collective modes to individual cars or motorcycles. The time-budget surveys we have reviewed indicate a slow growth in the time spent traveling. Moreover, vacation travel is almost always excluded from the time-use studies. Because vacation travel appears to be increasing, we surmise that people are spending more time traveling as well as moving faster.
20. R. C. Diamond, Energy Use in Housing for the Elderly: The Effects of Design, Construction, and Occupancy (Berkeley, Calif.: Center for Environmental Design Resources, 1987).
21. Schipper et al., "Linking Life-Styles and Energy Use: A Matter of Time?"
22. P. Gladhart, B. Morrison, and J. Zuiches, Energy and Families (East Lansing, Mich.: Institute for Family and Child Study, Michigan State University Press, 1986).
23. Federal Highway Administration, Nationwide Personal Transportation Study, Household Travel in the United States, Report No. 9 (Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Transportation, 1982);
24. Federal Highway Administration, Personal Travel in the United States, Vols. 1 & 2: A Report on Findings from the 1983-1984 Nationwide Personal Transportation Study (Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Transportation, 1986);
25. and Federal Highway Administration, Nationwide Personal Transportation Study, Early Results (Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Transportation, 1991).
26. P. Hu and J. Young, Nationwide Personal Transportation Study (Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Transportation, 1993).
27. J. Bonke, Aldrig mer Arbejde-oekonomi og verklighed! (Copenhagen: Rosinante, 1986);
28. and Christer Sanne, Living People (Stockholm: Liber Foerlag, 1988).
29. Sanne, Living People.
30. J. Gershuny and I. Miles, The New Services Economy: The Transformation of Employment in Industrial Societies (London: Frances Pinter, 1987).
31. L. Schipper, R. Steiner, M. J. Figueroa, and K. Dolan, "Fuel Prices, Automobile Fuel Economy, and Fuel Use for Land Travel: Preliminary Findings from an International Comparison," Transport Policy 1 (1) (October 1993): 6-20.
32. L. Schipper, S. Meyers, and H. Kelly, Coming in from the Cold: Energy Efficient Homes in Scandinavia, report to the German Marshall Fund (Washington, D.C.: Seven Locks Press, 1985).
33. L. Schipper, "Residential Energy Use and Conservation in Sweden," Energy and Buildings 6 (1) (1984): 15-38.
34. K. Fredbaeck, Fritidshus betydelse foer energianvaendning (Stockholm: Swedish Council for Building Research, 1979).
35. Howarth, Schipper, and Andersson, "The Structure and Intensity of Energy Use: Trends in Five OECD Nations";
36. Schipper et al., "Fuel Prices, Automobile Fuel Economy, and Fuel Use for Land Travel: Preliminary Findings from an International Comparison";
37. or Schipper, Meyers et al., Energy Efficiency and Human Activity: Past Trends, Future Prospects.
38. Sheinbaum and Schipper, "Residential Sector Carbon Dioxide Emissions in OECD Countries, 1973-1989: A Comparative Analysis."
39. Elmer Johnson, Avoiding the Collision of Cities and Cars (Chicago, Ill.: American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1993).
40. The periodic debates in the United States over small gasoline taxes (1-2 cents/ mile) suggest that cost-based pricing and incorporation of externalities are not likely to occur soon in that country, but sentiments for such instruments are stronger in Europe.
41. New Scientist, 28 July 1993.
42. Joel Garreau, Edge City: Life on the New Frontier (New York: Doubleday, 1991).