Prevention of device-related intravascular infections. Recommendations of the German 'Nationales Referenzzentrum (NRZ) für Krankenhaushygiene';Prävention von Infektionen durch intravasale Katheter. Empfehlungen des Nationalen Referenzzentrums (NRZ) für Krankenhaushygiene

Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin

Volumn 35, Issue 7, 1998, Pages 582-592

  Lacour, M ^a   Gastmeier, P ^b   Ruden H ^b   Daschner, F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG   (Germany)

^b FREIE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Intravascular device; Sepsis; Venous catheter infection

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001025390     PISSN: 01753851     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s003900050182     Document Type: Review

References (84)

1. Abbott N, Walrath JM, Scanlon-Trump E (1983) Infection related to physiologic monitoring: venous and arterial catheters. Heart Lung 12:28-34
2. Arnow PM, Quimosing EM, Brech M (1993) Consequences of intravascular catheter sepsis. Clin Infect Dis 16: 778-784
3. Beck-Sague CM, Jarvis WR (1989) Epidemic bloodstream infections associated with pressure transducers: a persistent problem. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 10: 54-59
4. Bregenzer T, Widmer AF, Conen D (1995) Routine replacement of peripheral catheters is not necessary: a prospective study. Can J Infect Dis 6 (suppl C): 247 C. Abstract
5. Brun-Buisson C, Abrouk F, Legrand P, Huet Y, Larabi S, Rapin M (1987) Diagnosis of central venous catheterrelated sepsis. Critical level of quantitative tip cultures. Arch Intern Med 147: 873-877
6. Capell S, Linares J, Sitges-Serra A (1986) Catheter sepsis due to coagulase-negative staphylococci in patients on total parenteral nutrition. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 5:40-42
7. Clark-Christoff N, Watters VA, Sparks W, Snyder P, Grant JP (1992) Use of triple-lumen subclavian catheter for administration of total parenteral nutrition. J Rarenter Enteral Nutr 16: 403-407
8. Cobb DK, High KP, Sawyer RG, et al. (1992) A controlled trial of scheduled replacement of central venous and pulmonary-artery catheters. N Engl J Med 327: 1062-1068
9. Collignon PJ, Soni N, Pearson IY, Woods WP, Munro R, Sorrell TC (1986) Is semiquantitative culture of central vein catheter tips useful in the diagnosis of catheter-associated bacteremia? J Clin Microbiol 24: 532-535
10. Collin J, Collin C, Constable FL, Johnston ID (1975) Infusion thrombophlebitis and infection with various cannulas. Lancet 2: 150-153
11. Crocker KS, Noga R, Filibeck DJ, Krey SH, Markovic M, Steffee WP (1984) Microbial growth comparisons on five commercial parenteral lipid emulsions. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 8: 391-395
12. Damen J, Verhoef J, Bolton DT, Middleton NG, van der Tweel I, de Jonge K, Wever JE, Nijsen-Karelse M (1985) Microbiologic risk of invasive hemodynamic monitoring in patients undergoing open-heart operations. Crit Care Med 13:548-555
13. de Cicco M, Panarello G, Chiaradia V, Fracasso A, Veronesi A, Testa V, Santini G, Tesio F (1989) Source and route of microbial colonization of parenteral nutrition catheters. Lancet 2:1258-1261
14. Ever S, Brummitt C, Crossley K, Siegel R, Cerra F (1990) Catheter-related sepsis: prospective, randomized study of three methods of long-term catheter maintenance. Crit Care Med 18: 1073-1079
15. Farkas JC, Liu N, Bleriot JP, Chevret S, Goldstein FW, Carlet J (1992) Single-versus triple-lumen central catheter-related sepsi: a prospective randomized study in a critically ill population. Am J Med 93: 277-282
16. Flowers RH III, Schwenzer KJ, Kopel RF, Fisch MJ, Tucker SI, Farr BM (1989) Efficacy of an attachable subcutaneous cuff for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infection. A randomized, controlled trial JAMA 261:878-883
17. Fontaine PJ (1991) Performance of new softening expanding midline catheter in home intravenous therapy patients. J Intraven Nurs 14:91-99
18. Gantz NM, Presswood GM, Golbert R, Doern G (1984) Effects of dressing type and change interval on intravenous therapy complication rates. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2: 325-332
19. Gardner RM, Schwartz R, Wong HC, Burke JP (1974) Percutaneous indwelling radial-artery catheters for monitoring cardiovascular function. Prospective study of the risk of thrombosis and infection. N Engl J Med 290:1227-1231
20. Garland JS, Nelson DB, Cheah TE, Hennes HH, Johnson TM (1987) Infectious complications during peripheral intravenous therapy with Teflon catheters: a prospective study. Pediatr Infect Dis 6:918-921
21. Gastmeier P, Kampf G, Wischnewski N, Hauer T, Schulgen G, Schumacher M, Daschner F, Rüden H (In Druck) Prevalence of nosocomial infections in representatively selected German hospitals. J Hosp Infect
22. Gastmeier P, Rüden H (1997) Persönliche Mitteilung: Erste Ergebnisse eines Pilotprojekts zur Krankenhaus-Surveillance in Deutschland. Institut für Hygiene der Freien Universität Berlin und Robert Koch Institut (RKI) Berlin
23. Gil RT, Kruse JA, Thill-Baharozian MC, Carlson RW (1989) Triple vs single-lumen central venous catheters. A prospective study in a critically ill population. Arch Intern Med 149: 1139-1143
24. Haley RW, Schaberg DR, Von Allmen SD, McGowan JE (1980) Estimating the extra charges and prolongation of hospitalization due to nosocomial infections: a comparison of methods. J Infect Dis 141:248-257
25. Haley RW (eds) (1986) Managing hospital infection control for cost-effectiveness. A strategy for reducing infectious complications. AHA, Chicago, PP 1-91
26. Harwood IR, Greene LM, Kozakowski-Koch JA, Rasor JS (1992) New peripherally inserted midline catheter: a better alternative for intravenous antibiotic therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 12:233-239
27. Hoffmann KK, Western SA, Kaiser DL, Wenzel RP, Groschel DH (1988) Bacterial colonization and phlebitis-associated risk with transparent polyurethane film for peripheral intravenous site dressings. Am J Infect Control 16:101-106
28. Jarvis WR, Highsmith AK, Allen JR, Haley RW (1984) Bacterial growth and endotoxin production in lipid emulsion. J Clin Microbiol 19: 17-20
29. Jarvis WR, Edwards JR, Culver DH, Hughes JM, Horan T, Emori TG, Banerjee S, Toison J, Henderson T, Gaynes RP (1991 ) Nosocomial infection rates in adult and pediatric intensive care units in the United States. National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System. Am J Med 91 (suppl 3B): 185S-191S
30. Josephson A, Gombert ME, Sierra MF, Karanfil LV, Tansino GF (1985) The relationship between intravenous fluid contamination and the frequency of tubing replacement. Infect Control 6: 367-370
31. Kamal GD, Pfaller MA, Rempe LE, Jebson PJ (1991) Reduced intravascular catheter infections by antibiotic bonding. A prospective, randomized, controlied trial. JAMA 265:2364-2368
32. Kappstein I, Daschner F (1997) Epidemiologie und Prävention von Bakteriämie/Sepsis. In: Daschner F (ed) Praktische Krankenhaushygiene und Umweltschutz, 2nd edn. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp 121-145
33. Kappstein I, Daschner F (1997) Standard-Hygienemaßnahmen, abteilungsübergreifende Pflegetechniken und Hinweise für den Umgang mit Geräten zur Prävention nosokomialer Infektionen. In: Daschner F (ed) Praktische Krankenhaushygiene und Umweltschutz, 2nd edn. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Heidelberg, New York, pp 393-428
34. Larson EB, Wooding M, Hickman RO (1981) Infectious complications of right atrial catheters used for venous access in patients receiving intensive chemotherapy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 153:369-373
35. Larson E, Hargiss C ( 1984) A decentralized approach to maintenance of intravenous therapy. Am J Infect Control 12: 177-186
36. Lazarus HM, Creger RJ, Bloom AD, Shenk R (1990) Percutaneous placement of femoral central venous catheter in patients undergoing transplantation of bone marrow. Surg Gynecol Obstet 170:403-406
37. Lee RB, Buckner M, Sharp KW (1988) Do multi-lumen catheters increase central venous catheter sepsis compared to sinale-lumen catheters? J Trauma 28: 1472-1475
38. Leroy O, Billiau V, Beuscart C, Santre C, Chidiac C, Ramage C, Mouton Y (1989) Nosocomial infections associated with long-term radial artery cannulation. Intensive Care Med 15:241-246
39. Levin A, Mason AJ, Jindal KK, Fong IW, Goldstein MB (1991) Prevention of hemodialysis subclavian vein catheter infections by topical povidoneiodine. Kidney Int 40:934-938
40. Linares J, Sitges-Serra A, Garau J, Ferez JL, Martin R (1985) Pathogenesis of catheter sepsis: a prospective study with quantitative and semiquantitative cultures of catheter hub and segments. J Clin Microbiol 21:357-360
41. Logghe C, Van Ossel C, D'Hoore W, Ezzedine H, Wauters G, Haxhe JJ (1997) Evaluation of chlorhexidine and silver-sulfadiazine impregnated central venous catheters for the prevention of bloodstream infection in leukaemic patients: a randomized controlled trial. J Hosp Infect 37: 145-146
42. Maki DG, Martin WT (1975) Nation-wide epidemic of septicemia caused by contaminated infusion products, IV: growth of microbial pathogens in fluids for intravenous infection. J Infect Dis 131:267-272
43. Maki DG (1976) Sepsis arising from extrinsic contamination of the infusion and measures for control. In: Phillips I, Meer PD, Dàrcy PF (eds) Microbiological hazards of infusion therapy. MTP Press, Lancaster, England, pp 99-143
44. Maki DG (1981) Nosocomial bacteremia. An epidemiologic overview. Am J Med 70:719-732
45. Maki DG, Band JD (1981) A comparative study of polyamibiotic and iodophor ointment in prevention of vascular catheter-related infection. Am J Med 70:739-744
46. Maki DG, Ringer M (1987) Evaluation of dressing regimes for prevention of infection with peripheral intravenous catheters. Gauze, a transparent polyurethane dressing, and an iodophor-transparent dressing. JAMA 258:2396-2403
47. Maki DG, Cobb L, Garman JK, Shapiro JM, Ringer M, Helgerson RB (1988) An attachable silver-impregnated cuff for prevention of infection with central venous catheters: a prospective randomized mutlicenter trial. Am J Med 85:307-314
48. Maki DG, Ringer M (1991) Risk factors for infusion-related phlebitis with small peripheral venous catheters. A randomized controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 114:845-854
49. Maki DG (1992) Infections due to infusion therapy. In: Bennett JV, Brachman PS (eds) Hospital infections, 3rd edn. Little, Brown & Company, Boston, pp 849-898
50. Maki DG (1994) Infections caused by intravascular devices used for infusion therapy: Pathogenesis, prevention, and management. In: Bisno AL, Waldvogel FA (eds). Infections associated with indwelling medical devices. 2nd edn. American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC, pp 155-212
51. Maki DG, Stolz SM, Wheeler S, Mermel LA (1997) Prevention of central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection by use of an antiseptic-impregnated catheter. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 127:257-266
52. Martin MA, Pfaller MA, Wenzel RP (1989) Coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia. Mortality and hospital stay. Ann Intern Med 110:9-16
53. McCarthy MC, Shives JK, Robison RJ, Broadie TA (1987) Prospective evaluation of single and triple lumen catheters in total parenteral nutrition. J Parenter Enterai Nutr 11:259-262
54. Melley MA, Meng HC, Schaffner W (1975) Microbial growth in lipid emulsions used in parenteral nutrition. Arch Surg 110:1479-1481
55. Mermel LA, Maki DG (1989) Epidemic bloodstream infections from hemodynamic pressure monitoring: signs of the times. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 10:47-53
56. Mermel LA, Parenteau S, Tow SM (1995) The risk of midline catheterization in hospitalized patients. A prospective study. Ann Intern Med 123:841-844
57. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) Report. Data Summary from October 1986-April 1996. Issued May 1996. Am J Infect Control 1996; 24: 380-388
58. Noble WC, Rahman M, Cookson B, Phillips I (1988) Transferable mupirocin-resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 22: 771-772
59. Nystrom B, Larsen SO, Dankert J, Daschner F, Greco D, Gronoos P, Jepsen OB, Lystad A, Meers PD, Rotter M (1983) Bacteremia in surgical patients with intravenous devices; a European multicenter incidence study. The European Working Party on Control of Hospital Infections. J Hosp Infect 4: 338-349
60. Pearson ML and the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) (1996) Guidelines for prevention of intravascular-device-related infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 17:438-473
61. Pearson ML (1997) Reducing the risk for catheter-related infections: a new strategy. Editorial Ann Intern Med 127:304-306
62. Peters G, Locci R, Pulverer G (1982) Adherence and growth of coagulasenegative staphylococci on surface of intravenous catheters. J Infect Dis 146:479-482
63. Pittet D, Tarara D, Wenzel RP (1994) Nosocomircal bloodstream infection in critically ill patients: excess length of stay, extra costs, and attributable mortality. JAMA 271:1598-1601
64. Prager RL, Silva J (1984) Colonization of central venous catheters. South Med J 77:458-461
65. Raad I, Costerton W, Sabharwal U, Sacilowski M, Anaissie E, Bodey GP (1993) Ultrastructural analysis of indwelling vascular catheters: a quantitative relationship between luminal colonization and duration of placement. J Infect Dis 168:400-407
66. Raad I, Darouiche R, Dupuis J, AbiSaid D, Gabrielli A, Hachem R, et al. (1997) Central venous catheter coated with minocycline and rifampin for the prevention of catheter related colonization and bloodstream infections. A randomized, double-blind trial. Ann Intern Med 127:267-274
67. Reynolds MG, Tebbs SE, Elliott TS (1997) Do dressings with increased permeability reduce the incidence of central venous catheter related sepsis? Intensice Crit Care Nurs 13:26-29
68. Richet H, Hubert B, Nitemberg G, Andremont A, Buu-Hoi A, Ourbak P, Galicier C, Veron M, Boisivon A, Bouvier AM (1990) Prospective multicenter study of vascular catheter-related complications and risk factors for positive central-catheter cultures in intensive care unit patients. J Clin Microbiol 28:2520-2525
69. Russell JA, Joel M, Hudson RJ, Mangano DT, Schlobohm RM (1983) Prospective evaluation of radial and femoral artery catheterization sites in critically ill adults. Crit Care Med 11:936-939
70. Salzman MB, Isenberg HD, Shapiro JF, Lipsitz PJ, Rubin LG (1993) A prospective study of the catheter hub as the portal of entry for microorganisms causing catheter-related sepsis in neonates. J Infect Dis 167:487-490
71. Shapiro JM, Bond EL, Garman JK (1990) Use of a chlorhexidine dressing to reduce microbial colonization of epidural catheters. Anesthesiology 73:625-631
72. Sheretz RJ, Stephens JL, Marosok RD, Carruth WA, Rich HA, Hampton KD, Motsinger SM, Harris LC, Scuderi PE, Pappas JG, Felton SC, Solomon DD (1997) The risk of peripheral vein phlebitis associated with chlorhexidine-coated catheters. A randomized, double-blind trial. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 18:230-236
73. Singh S, Nelson N, Acosta I, Check FE, Puri VK (1982) Catheter colonization and bacteremia with pulmonary and arterial catheters. Crit Care Med 10:736-739
74. Smallman L, Burdon DW, Alexander-Williams J (1980) The effect of skin preparation and care on the incidence of superficial thrombophlebitis. Br Surg 67:861-862
75. Smith MD, Sanghrijka M, Lock S (1987) Mupirocin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Lancet 2: 3471-1473
76. Smith GE, Kennedy CT (1988) Staphylococcus aureus resistant to mupirocin. J Antimicrob Chemother 21:141-142
77. Smith RL, Meixler SM, Simberkoff MS (1991) Excess mortality in critically ill patients with nosocomial bloodstream infections. Chest 100:164-167
78. Snydman DR, Gorbea HF, Pober BR, Majka JA, Murray SA, Perry SK (1982) Predictive value of surveillance skin cultures in total parenteral nutrition. Lancet 2:1185-1188
79. Snydman DR, Donelly-Reidy M, Perry LK, Martin WJ (1987) Intravenous tubing containing burettes can be safely changed at 72 hours intervals. 8:113-116
80. Thomas F, Burke JP, Parker J, Orme JF, Gardner RM, Clemmer TP, Hill GA, MacFarlane P (1983) The risk of infection related to radial vs femoral sites for arterial catheterization. Crit Care Med 11:807-812
81. Tully JL, Friedland GH, Baldini IM, Goldmann DA (1981) Complications of intravenous therapy with steel needles and Teflon catheters: a comparison study. Am J Med 70: 702-706
82. Widmer AF (1996) IV-related infections. In: Wenzel RP (ed) Prevention and control of nosocomial infections. 3rd edn. William & Wilkins. Baltimore, pp 771-805
83. Williams JF, Seneff MG, Friedman BC, McGrath BJ, Gregg R, Sunner J, Zimmerman JE (1991) Use of femoral venous catheter in critically ill adults: prospective study. Crit Care Med 19:550-553
84. Yeung C, May J, Hughes R (1988) Infection rate for single-lumen vs tripel lumen subclavian catheters. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 9:154-158