The Enemy Within: Autocorrelation Bias in Content Analysis of Narratives

Computers and the Humanities

Volumn 30, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 433-439

  Hogenraad, Robert ^a   McKenzie, Dean P ^b   Martindale, Colin ^c  

^a UNIVERSITÉ CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN   (Belgium)

^b MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^c University of Maine   (United States)

Author keywords

Autocorrelation; Computer aided content analysis; Narratives; Serial dependencies

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001008526     PISSN: 00104817     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF00057939     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Appleby, J., L. Hunt, and M. Jacob. Telling the Truth about History. New York: Norton, 1994.
2. Baayen, H. "Statistical Models for Word Frequency Distributions: A Linguistic Evaluation." Computers and the Humanities 26 (1992), 347-363.
3. Box, G. E. P., G. M. Jenkins, and G. C. Reinsel. Time-series Analysis: Forecasting and Control (3d ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1994.
4. Bratley, P. and P. A. Fortier. "Themes, Statistics and the French Novel." In Sixth International Conference on Computers in the Humanities. Eds. S. K. Burton and D. D. Short. Rockville, MD: Computer Science Press, 1983, pp. 18-25.
5. Braudel, F. "Histoire et Sciences Sociales: La Longue Durée" [History and Social Science: The Long Duration]. Anna les 13 (1958), 725-753.
6. Brunei, E. "What Do Statistics Tell Us?." In Research in Humanities Computing. 1. Selected Papers from the ALLC/ACH Conference, Toronto, June 1989. Ed. I. Lancashire. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1991, pp. 70-92.
7. Burman, P., E. Chow, and D. A. Noland. "A Cross-validatory Method for Dependent Data." Biometrika 81 (1994), 351-358.
8. Cohen, J. and P. Cohen. Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1975.
9. Crosbie, J. "The Inability of the Binomial Test to Control Type 1 Error with Single-subject Data." Behavioral Assessment 9 (1987), 141-150.
10. Crosbie, J. "Interrupted Time-series Analysis with Brief Single-subject Data." Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 61 (1993), 966-974.
11. DeCarlo, L. T. and W. W. Tryon. "Estimating and Testing Autocorrelation with Small Samples: A Comparison of the C-statistic to a Modified Estimator." Behaviour Research & Therapy 3 (1993), 781-788.
12. Flores, R. G., Jr. and V. A. Ginsburgh. "The Queen Elisabeth Musical Competition: How Fair is the Final Ranking?." The Statistician 45 (1996), 97-104.
13. Gottman, J. M. Time Series Analysis: A Comprehensive Introduction for Social Scientists. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1981.
14. Hayes, A. F. "Permutation Test is not Distribution-free: Testing HQ: p = 0." Psychological Methods 1 (1996), 184-198.
15. Hogenraad, R., Y. Bestgen, and J. F. Durieux. "Psychology as Literature." Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs 118 (1992), 455-478.
16. Hogenraad, R., C. Daubies, and Y. Bestgen. Une Théorie et une Méthode Générale d'Analyse Textuelle Assistée par Ordinateur: Le Système PROTAN (PROTocol ANalyzer), Version du 2 mars 1995 [A General Theory and Method of Computer-aided Text Analysis: The PROTAN System (PROTocol Analyzer), Version of March 2, 1995]. Unpublished document, Psychology Department, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, 1995, 265 pages [http://www.psp.ucl.ac.be/~upso/protan/PROTANAE.html].
17. Hogenraad, R., D. P. McKenzie, J. Morval, and F. A. Ducharme. "Paper Trails of Psychology: The Words that Made Applied Behavioral Sciences." Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 10 (1995). 491-516.
18. Huitema, B. E. and J. W. McKean. "Autocorrelation Estimation and Inference with Small Samp]es."Psychological Bulletin 110 (1991), 291-304.
19. Huitema, B. E. and J. W. McKean. 'Two Reduced-bias Autocorrelation Estimators: rFl and rF2." Perceptual and Motor Skills 78 (1994), 323-330.
20. Ide, N. M. "A Statistical Measure of Theme and Structure." Computers and the Humanities 23 (1989), 277-283.
21. IMSL. User's Manual, STATILibrary: FORTRAN Subroutines for Statistical Analysis, Version 2. Houston, TX: IMSL, 1991.
22. Judd, C. M., G. H. McLelland, and S. E. Culhane. "Data Analysis: Continuing Issues in the Everyday Analysis of Psychological Data." Annual Review of Psychology 46 (1995), 433-465.
23. Kenny, D. A. and C. M. Judd. "Consequences of Violating the Independence Assumption in'the Analysis of Variance." Psychological Bulletin 99 (1986), 422-431.
24. Martindale, C. The Clockwork Muse: The Predictability of Artistic Change. New York: Basic Books, 1990.
25. McKenzie, D. P., D. M. Clarke, and C. Martindale. "Autocorrelation and Admission Diversion" [letter and reply]. Psychiatric Services 47 (1996), 91-92.
26. Moore, K. J., D. W. Osgood, R. E. Larzelere, and P. Chamberlain. "Use of Pooled Time Series in the Study of Naturally Occurring Clinical Events and Problem Behavior in a Foster Care Setting." Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology 62 ( 1994), 718-728.
27. Noreen, E. W. Computer-intensive: Methods for Testing Hypotheses: An Introduction. New York: Wiley, 1989.
28. Ostrom, C. W., Jr. Time Series Analysis: Regression Techniques (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1990.
29. Pollock, D. S. G. "The Methods of Time-series Analysis." Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 12 (1987), 128-135.
30. SAS Institute, Inc. SAS User's Guide: Statistics. Version 5 Edition. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc., 1985.
31. SAS Institute, Inc. SAS/ETS User's Guide. Version 6 (2nd ed.). Caiy, NC: SAS Institute Inc., 1993.
32. Sells, S. P., T. E. Smith, and D. H. Sprenkle. "Integrating Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods: A Research Model." Family Process 34 (1995), 199-218.
33. Sigelman, L. "By Their (New) Words Shall Ye Know Them: Edith Wharton, Marion Mainwaring, and The Buccaneers." Computers and the Humanities 29 (1995), 271-283.
34. Simonton, D. K. "Cross-sectional Time-series Experiments: Some Suggested Statistical Analyses." Psychological Bulletin 84 (1977), 489-502.
35. Simonton, D. K. Psychology, Science, and History: An Introduction to Historiometry. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1990.
36. Snow, C. P. The Two Cultures. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1959.
37. SPSS, Inc. SPSS Trends 6.1. Chicago: SPSS Inc., 1994.
38. Stubbs, M. "Collocations and Semantic Profiles: On the Cause of the Trouble with Quantitative Studies." Functions of Language 2 (1995), 23-55.
39. West, A. N. "Primary Process Content in the King James Bible: The Five Stages of Christian Mysticism." Computers and the Humanities 25 (1991), 227-238.
40. Whissell, C., M. Foumier, R. Pelland, D. Weir, and K. Makarec. "A Dictionary of Affect in Language. IV. Reliability, Validity, and Applications." Perceptual and Motor Skills 62 (1986), 875-888.
41. Young, G. A. "Bootstrap: More Than a Stab in the Dark." Statistical Science 9 (1994). 382-415.
42. Zimmerman, D. W. "A Note on Nonindependence and Nonparametric Tests." Perceptual and Motor Skills 76 (1993), 407-412.