Nutrional value and antinutritional components of whole and ethanol extracted Moringa oleifera leaves

Animal Feed Science and Technology

Volumn 63, Issue 1-4, 1996, Pages 211-228

  Makkar, H P S ^a   Becker, K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HOHENHEIM   (Germany)

Author keywords

Amino acid composition; Antinutritional factors; Digestion kinetics; In vitro rumen protein degradability; Leaves; Moringa oleifera; Nutrients

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; APOGON BRACHYGRAMMUS; GLYCINE MAX; MORINGA OLEIFERA;

EID: 0000995788     PISSN: 03778401     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0377-8401(96)01023-1     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Al-Kahtani, H.A. and Abou-Arab, A.A., 1993. Comparison of physical, chemical, and functional properties of Moringa peregrina (Al-Yassar or Aö-Ban) and soyabean proteins. Cereal Chem., 70: 619-626.
2. Bassler, R. and Buchholz, H., 1993. Amino acid analysis. In: Methodenbuch, vol III, 4.11.1, p. 1-5, Die chemische Untersuchung von Futtermitteln VDLUFA-Verlag, Darmstadt.
3. Baumer, M., 1983. Notes on trees and shrubs in arid and semi-arid regions. Rome, FAO, EMASAR Phase II.
4. Bau, H.-M., Villaume, C., Lin, C.-F., Evrard, J., Quemener, B., Nicolas, J.-P. and Méjean, L., 1994. Effect of a solid-state fermentation using Rhizopus oligosporus sp. T-3 on elimination of antinutritional substances and modification of biochemical constituents of defatted rapeseed meal. J. Sci. Food Agric., 65: 315-322.
5. Bianchi, M.L.P., Silva, H.C. and Campos, M.A.D., 1983. Effect of several treatments on the oligosaccharide content of a Brazilian soybean variety. J. Agric. Food Chem., 31: 1364-1366.
6. Blümmel, M. and Ørskov, E.R., 1993. Comparison of in vitro gas production and nylon bag degradability of roughages in predicting feed intake in cattle. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 40: 109-119.
7. Bose, B., 1980. Enhancement of nodulation of Vigna mungo by ethanolic extract of moringa leaves - a new report. Nat. Acad. Sci. Lett., 3: 103-104.
8. Chalupa, W., 1975. Rumen bypass and protection of proteins and amino acids. J. Dairy Sci., 58: 1198-1203.
9. Chawla, S., Saxena, A. and Seshadri, S., 1988. In vitro availability of iron in various green leafy vegetables. J. Sci. Food Agric., 46: 125-127.
10. Close, W. and Menke, K.H., 1986. Selected Topics in Animal Nutrition: A Manual. Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart.
11. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), 1962. The wealth of India. A dictionary of Indian raw materials and industrial products. Raw materials, vol. 6: L-M, New Delhi.
12. Dogra, P.D., Singh, B.P. and Tandon, S., 1975. Vitamin content in Moringa pod vegetable. Curr. Sci., 44: 31.
13. Gordon, J.A. and Marquardt, M.D., 1974. Factors affecting hemagglutination by concanavalin A and soybean agglutinin. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 332: 136-144.
14. Gupta, K., Barat, G.K., Wagle, D.S. and Chawla, H.K.L., 1989. Nutrient contents and antinutritional factors in conventional and non-conventional leafy vegetables. Food Chem., 31: 105-116.
15. Hiai, S., Oura, H. and Nakajima, T., 1976. Color reaction of some saposenins and saponins with vanillin and sulfuric acid. Planta Med., 29: 116-122.
16. Ibrahim, M.N.M., Tamminga, S. and Zemmelink, G., 1995. Degradation of tropical roughages and concentrate feeds in the rumen. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 54: 81-92.
17. Jahn, S.A.A., 1992. Traditional Indonesian and Ethiopoian recipes for tree vegetables. Entwicklung und Ländlicher Raum, 1: 27-29.
18. Krishnamoorthy, U., Soller, H., Steingass, H. and Menke, K.H., 1995. Energy and protein evaluation of tropical feedstuffs for whole tract and ruminai digestion by chemical analyses and rumen inoculum studies in vitro. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 52: 177-188.
19. Liener, I.E., 1994. Implications of antinutritional components in soybean foods. CRC Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 34: 31-67.
20. Liu, K. and Markakis, P., 1989. Trypsin inhibitor assay as related to limited hydrolysis of inhibitors. Anal. Biochem., 178: 159-165.
21. Makkar, H.P.S., 1993. Antinutritional factors in foods for livestock. In: M. Gill, E. Owen, G.E. Pollott and T.L.J. Lawrence (Editors), Animal Production in Developing Countries. Occasional Publication No. 16, British Society of Animal Production, pp. 69-85.
22. Makkar, H.P.S., Singh, B. and Negi, S.S., 1990. Tannin levels and their degree of polymerisation and specific activity in some agro-industrial by-products. Biol. Wastes, 31: 137-144.
23. Makkar, H.P.S., Blümmel, M., Borowy, N.K. and Becker, K., 1993. Gravimetric determination of tannins and their correlations with chemical and protein precipitation methods. J. Sci Food Agric., 61: 161-165.
24. Makkar, H.P.S., Blümmel, M. and Becker, K., 1995. Formation of complexes between polyvinyl pyrrolidones or polyethylene glycols and tannins, and their implication in gas production and true digestibility in in vitro techniques. Br. J. Nutr., 73: 897-913.
25. Makkar, H.P.S. and Singh, B., 1992. Detannification of oak leaves: treatments and their optimization. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 36: 113.
26. Mathison, G.W. and Milligan, L.P., 1971. Nitrogen metabolism in sheep. Br. J. Nutr., 25: 351-356.
27. Menke, K.H., Raab, L., Salewski, A., Steingass, H., Fritz, D. and Schneider, W., 1979. The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor. J. Agric. Sci., 93: 217-222.
28. Mertens, D.R., 1977. Dietary fibre components: Relationships to the rate and extent of ruminal digestion. Federation Proceedings, 36: 187-192.
29. Nagar, P.K., Iyer, R.I. and Sircar, P.K., 1982. Cytokinins in developing fruits of Moringa pterigosperma Gaertn. Physiol. Plant., 55: 45-50.
30. Nautiyal, B.P. and Venhataraman, K.G., 1987. Moringa (drumstick) - an ideal tree for social forestry: growing conditions and uses - Part I. Myforest., 23: 53.
31. Negi, S.S., Singh, B. and Makkar, H.P.S., 1988. An approach to determination of rumen degradability of nitrogen in low grade roughages and partition of nitrogen therein. J. Agric. Sci., 111: 487-494.
32. Negi, S.S., Singh, B. and Makkar, H.P.S., 1989. Influence of method of calculation and length of period of rumen fermentation on the effective degradabilty of dry matter and nitrogen in some tree forages. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 26: 309-322.
33. Price, K.R., Johnson, I.T. and Fenwick, G.R., 1987. The chemistry and biological significance of saponins in foods and feedingstuffs. CRC Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 26: 27-135.
34. Raab, L., Cafantaris, B., Jilg, T. and Menke, K.H., 1983. Rumen protein degradation and biosynthesis. 1. A new method for determination of protein degradation in rumen fluid in vitro. Br. J. Nutr., 50: 569-582.
35. Ramachandran, C., Peter, K.V. and Gopalakrishnan, P.K., 1980. Drumstick (Moringa oleifera): a multipurpose Indian vegetable. Econ. Bot., 34: 276-283.
36. Reddy, N.R., Sathe, S.K. and Salunkhe, D.K., 1982. Phytates in legumes and cereals. Adv. Food Res., 28: 1-92.
37. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute Inc., 1988. SAS/STAT Program, Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.
38. Sarkar, G. and Peace, R.W., 1994. The protein quality of some enteral products is inferior to that of casein as assessed by rat growth methods and digestibility-corrected amino acid scores. J. Nutr., 124: 2223-2232.
39. Sherkar, B.V., 1993. Drumstick. Baif J., 13 (2): 20.
40. Schofield, P. and Pell, A.N., 1995. Measurement and kinetic analysis of the neutral detergent-soluble carbohydrate fraction of legumes and grasses. J. Anim. Sci., 73: 3455-3463.
41. Smith, C., Van Megen, W., Twaalhoven, L. and Hitchcock, C., 1980. The determination of trypsin inhibitor levels in foodstuffs. J. Sci. Food Agric., 31: 341-350.
42. Storm, E., Brown, D.S. and Ørskov, E.R., 1983. The nutritive value of rumen micro-organisms in ruminants. 3. The digestion of microbial amino and nucleic acids in, and losses of endogenous nitrogen from, the small intestine of sheep. Br. J. Nutr., 50: 479-489.
43. Tauscher, B., 1994. Water treatment by flocculant compounds of higher plants. Plant Res. Develop., 40, 56-70.
44. Vaintraub, I.A. and Lapteva, N.A., 1988. Colorimetric determination of phytate in unpurified extracts of seeds and the products of their processing. Anal. Biochem., 175: 227-230.
45. Van Soest, P.J., 1965. Use of detergents in analysis of fibrous feeds. III. Study of effects of heating and drying on yield of fiber and lignin in forgaes. J. Assoc. Offic. Anal. Chem., 48: 785-790.
46. Van Soest, P.J. and Robertson, J.B., 1980. Systems of analysis for evaluating fibrous feeds. In: W.J. Pigden, C.C. Balch and M. Graham (Editors), Standardization of Analytical Methods for Feeds. International Development Research Center, Ottawa, pp. 49-60.
47. Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B. and Lewis, B.A., 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci., 74: 3583-3597.
48. Williams, S., 1984. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, AOAC, VA, p. 55.
49. Wolf, W.J., Schaer, M.L. and Abbott, T.P., 1994. Nonprotein nitrogen content of defatted jojoba meals. J. Sci. Food Agric., 65: 277-288.
50. Zarkadas, C.G., Yu, Z. and Burrows, V.D., 1995. Protein quality of three new Canadian-developed naked oat cultivars using amino acid compositional data. J. Agric. Food Chem., 43: 415-421.