The lunar mascons revisited

Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets

Volumn 103, Issue E2, 1998, Pages 3709-3739

  Arkani Hamed, Jafar ^a  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CIRCULAR BASIN; LUNAR MASCON;

MOON;

EID: 0000981660     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/97JE02815     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. Arkani-Hamed, J., On the formation of lunar mascons, Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf., 4, 2673-2684, 1973a.
2. Arkani-Hamed, J., Viscosity of the Moon, I, After mare formation, Moon, 6, 100-111, 1973b.
3. Arkani-Hamed, J., Viscosity of the Moon, II, During mare formation, Moon, 6, 112-124, 1973c.
4. Arkani-Hamed, J., Density and stress distribution in the Moon, Moon, 7, 84-126, 1973d.
5. Arkani-Hamed, J., Non-linear and finite-amplitude convection in a heterogeneous terrestrial planet, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 56, 63-80, 1979.
6. Arkani-Hamed, J., Analysis and interpretation of the surface topography and gravitational potential of Venus, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 4711-4724, 1996.
7. Arkani-Hamed, J., and D.W. Strangway, Magnetic susceptibility anomalies of lithosphere beneath eastern Europe and the Middle East, Geophysics, 51(9), 1711-1724, 1986.
8. Baldwin, R.B., Absolute ages of the lunar maria and large craters, II, The viscosity of the Moon's outer layers, Icarus, 13, 215-225, 1970.
9. Bills, B.G., and R.S. Nerem, A harmonic analysis of Martian topography, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 26,317-26,326, 1995.
10. Bills, B.G., and D.P. Rubincam, Constraints on density models from radial moments: Applications to Earth, Moon, and Mars, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 26,305-26,315, 1995.
11. Birch, F., The velocity of compressional waves in rocks to 10 kilobars, 2, J. Geophys. Res., 66, 2199-2224, 1961.
12. Boyce, J.M., Ages of flow units in the lunar near side maria based on Lunar Orbiter IV photographs, Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf., 7, 2717-2728, 1976.
13. Bratt, S.R., S.C. Solomon, and J.W. Head, The evolution of impact basins: Cooling, subsidence, and thermal stress, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 12,415-12,433, 1985a.
14. Bratt, S.R., S.C. Solomon, J.W. Head, and C.H. Thurber, The deep structure of lunar basins: Implications for basin formation and modification, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 3049-3064, 1985b.
15. Brotchie, J.F., and R. Sylvester, On crustal flexure, J. Geophys. Res., 74, 5240-5252, 1969.
16. Byerlee, J.D., Friction of rocks, Pure Appl. Geophys., 116, 615-626, 1978.
17. DeHon, R.A., Thickness of mare material in the Tranquillitatis and Nectaris basins, Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf., 5, 53-59, 1974.
18. Edmonds, A.R., Angular Momentum in Quantum Mechanics, pp. 45-52, Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, N.J., 1960.
19. Geiss, J., P. Eberhardt, N. Grogler, S. Guggisberg, P. Maurer, and A. Stettler, Absolute time scale of lunar mare formation and filling, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 285, 151-158, 1977.
20. Goetze, C., The mechanisms of creep in olivine, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 288, 99-119, 1978.
21. Goins, N.R., A.M. Dainty, and M.N. Toksoz, Lunar seismology: The internal structure of the Moon, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 5061-5074, 1981.
22. Gold, T., The lunar surface, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 115, 585-604, 1956.
23. Haxby, W.F., and D.L. Turcotte, On isostatic geoid anomalies, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 5473-5478, 1978.
24. Head, J.W., Lunar volcanism in space and time, Rev. Geophys., 14, 265-300, 1976.
25. Head, J.W., S. Murchie, J.F. Mustard, C.M. Pieters, G. Neukum, A. McEwen, R. Greeley, E. Nagel, and M.J.S. Belton, Lunar impact basins: New data for the western limb and farside (Orientale and South Pole-Aitken Basins) from the first Galileo flyby, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 17,149-17,181, 1993.
26. Horz, F., How thick are lunar mare basalts?, Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf., 9, 3311-3332, 1978.
27. Kaula, W.M., G. Schubert, R.E. Lingenfelter, W.L. Sjogren, and W.R. Wollenhaupt, Lunar topography from Apollo 15 and 16 laser altimetry, Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf., 4, 2811-2819, 1973.
28. Kaula, W.M., G. Schubert, R.E. Lingenfelter, W.L. Sjogren, and W.R. Wollenhaupt, Apollo laser altimetry and inferences as to lunar structure, Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf., 4, 3049-3058, 1974.
29. Konopliv, A.S., and W.L. Sjogren, The JPL Mars gravity field Mars50c, based upon Viking and Mariner 9 Doppler tracking data, JPL Publ., 95-5, 73 pp., 1995.
30. Konopliv, A.S., W.L. Sjogren, R.N. Wimberly, R.A. Cook, and A. Vijayaraghavan, A high-resolution lunar gravity field and predicted orbit behavior, AAS Paper 93-622, presented at the AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Am. Astron. Soc./Am. Inst. of Aeronaut. and Astronaut., Victoria, British Columbia, Aug. 16-19, 1993.
31. Kraus, H., Thin Elastic Shells, 476 pp., John Wiley, New York, 1967.
32. Kuckes, A.F., Strength and rigidity of the elastic lunar lithesphere and implications for present-day mantle convection in the Moon, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 14, 1-12, 1977.
33. Lambeck, K., and S. Pullan, The lunar fossil bulge hypothesis revisited, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 22, 29-35, 1980.
34. Langseth, M.G., S.J. Keihm, and K. Peters, Revised lunar heat-flow values, Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf., 7, 3143-3171, 1976.
35. Leikin, G.A., and A.N. Sanovich, Origin of the southern basin on the far side of the Moon, Astron. Vestnik, 19, 113-119, 1985.
36. Lemoine, F.G.R., D.E. Smith, M.T. Zuber, G.A. Neumann, and D.D. Rowlands, A 70th degree lunar gravity model (GLGM-2) from Clementine and other tracking data, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 16,339-16359, 1997.
37. Lorell, J., Lunar orbiter gravity analysis, JPL Tech. Rep., 32-1398, 1969.
38. Lorell, J., and W.L. Sjogren, Lunar gravity: Preliminary estimates from lunar orbiter, Science, 159, 625-627, 1968.
39. Lucey, P.G., G.J. Taylor, B.R. Hawke, and P.D. Spudis, Composition of the South-Pole Aitken Basin, (abstract), Eos. Trans. AGU, Fall Meet. Suppl., 77(46), F448, 1996.
40. Mackwell, S.J., M.E. Zimmerman, and D.L. Kohlstedt, High-temperature deformation of dry diabase with application to tectonics on Venus, J. Geophys. Res., this issue.
41. Manga, M., and J. Arkani-Hamed, Remelting mechanisms for shallow source regions of mare basalts, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 68, 9-31, 1991.
42. Meissner, R., Lunar viscosity models, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 285, 463-467, 1977.
43. Melosh, H. J., The tectonics of mascon loading, Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf., 9, 3513-3525, 1978.
44. Melosh, H.J., Impact Cratering: A Geologic Process, Clarendon, Oxford, England, 1989.
45. Michael, W.H., Jr., and W.T. Blackshear, Recent results on the mass, gravitational field and moments of inertia of the Moon, Moon, 3, 388-402, 1971.
46. Michael, W.H., Jr., W.T. Blackshear, and J.P. Gapcynski, Results on the mass and the gravitational field of the Moon as determined from dynamics of lunar satellites, paper presented at the 12th Plenary Meeting of COSPAR, Comm. on Space Programs and Res., Prague, 1969.
47. Muller, P.M., and W.L. Sjogren, Mascons: Lunar mass concentrations, Science, 161, 680-684, 1968.
48. Muller, P.M., W.L. Sjogren, and W.R. Wollenhaupt, Lunar gravity: Apollo 15 Doppler radio tracking, Moon, 10, 195-205, 1974.
49. Nakamura, Y., Seismic velocity structure of the lunar mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 677-686, 1983.
50. Nakamura, Y., G.V. Latham, J. Dorman, and F. Duennebier, Seismic structure of the moon: A summary of current status, Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf., 7, 3113, 1976.
51. Nakamura, Y., G.V. Latham, D. Lammlein, M. Ewing, F. Duennebier, and J. Dorman, Deep lunar interior inferred from recent seismic data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 1, 137-140, 1974.
52. Neumann, G.A., M.T. Zuber, D.E. Smith, and F.G. Lemoine, The lunar crust: Global structure and signature of major basins, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 16,841-16,863, 1996.
53. Neumann, G.A., F.G. Lemoine, and M.T. Zuber, What does gravity tell us about lunar crustal structure, (abstract), Lunar Planet. Sci Conf., XXVIII, 1015-1016, 1997.
54. Nozette, S., et al., The Clementine mission to the Moon: Scientific overview, Science, 266, 1835-1839, 1994.
55. Phillips, R.J., J.E. Conel, E.A. Abbott, W.L. Sjogren, and J.B. Morton, Mascons: Progress toward a unique solution for mass distribution, J. Geophys. Res. 77, 7106-7114, 1972.
56. Pieters, C.M., S. Tompkins, G. He, J.W. Head, and P.C. Hess, Mineralogy of the mafic anomaly at South Pole-Aitken and implications for mantle excavation, (abstract), Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., XXVIII, 1113-1114, 1997.
57. Rappaport, N., and J.J. Plaut, A 360 degree and order model of Venus topography, Icarus, 112, 27-33, 1994.
58. Rodinov, B.N., A.A. Nefed'ev, M.I. Shpekin, S.G. Valeev, and V.V. Kiselev, Relief of the Moon's reverse side according to Zond 8 photographs, Cosmic Res., 14, 548-552, 1977.
59. Runcorn, S.K., On the origin of mascons and moonquakes, Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf., 5, 3115-3126, 1974.
60. Ryder, G., Lunar samples, lunar accretion and the early bombardment of the moon, Eos Trans., AGU, 71, 313-323, 1990.
61. Schubert, G., R.E. Young, and P. Gassen, Solid state convection models of the lunar internal temperature, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 285, 523-536, 1977.
62. Schultz, P.H., Forming the South Pole-Aitken basin: The extreme games, (abstract), Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., XXVIII, 1259-1260, 1997.
63. Scott, R.F., Viscous flow of craters, Icarus, 7, 139-148, 1967.
64. Simmons, G., T. Todd, and H. Wang, The 25-km discontinuity: Implications for lunar history, Science, 182, 158-161, 1973.
65. Sjogren, W.L., Estimate of four topographic lunar radii, Measure of the Moon, edited by Z. Kopal and C.L. Goudas, pp. 341-342, Science Publishers, New York, N.Y., 1967.
66. Sjogren, W.L., Lunar gravity determinations and their implications, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 285, 219-226, 1977.
67. Sjogren, W.L., and J.C. Smith, Quantitative mass distribution models for Mare Orientale, Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf. 7, 2639-2648, 1976.
68. Sjogren, W.L., P. Gottlieb, and P.M. Muller, Lunar gravity via Apollo 14 Doppler radio tracking, Science, 175, 165-168, 1972a.
69. Sjogren, W.L., P.M. Muller, and W.R. Wollenhaupt, Apollo 15 gravity analysis from the S-band transponder experiments, Moon, 4, 411-418, 1972b.
70. Sjogren, W.L., P. Gottlieb, P.M. Muller, and W. Wollenhaupt, Lunar gravity via Apollo 14 Doppler radio tracking, Science, 175, 165-168, 1972c.
71. Sjogren, W.L., W.B. Banerdt, P.W. Chodas, A.S. Konopliv, G. Balmino, J.P. Barriot, J. Arkani-Hamed, T.R. Colvin, and M.E. Davies, The Venus gravity field and other geodetic parameters, in Venus II, edited by S.W. Bougher, D.M. Hunten, and R.J. Phillips, pp. 1125-1161, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson, 1997.
72. Smith, D.E., M.T. Zuber, G.A. Neumann, and F.G. Lemoine, Topography of the Moon from the Clementine lidar, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 1591-1611, 1997.
73. Solomon, S.C., Mare volcanism and lunar crustal structure, Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf., 6, 1021-1042, 1975.
74. Solomon, S.C., and J. Chaiken, Thermal expansion and thermal stress in the Moon and terrestrial planets: Clues to early thermal history, Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf., 7, 3229-3243, 1976.
75. Solomon, S.C., and J.W. Head, Vertical movement in mare basins: Relation to mare emplacement, basin tectonics, and lunar thermal history, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 1667-1682, 1979.
76. Solomon, S.C., and J.W. Head, Lunar mascon basins: Lava filling, tectonics and evolution of the lithosphere, Rev. Geophys., 18, 107-141, 1980.
77. Solomon, S.C., R.P. Comer, and J.W. Head, The evolution of impact basins: Viscous relaxation of topographic relief, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 3975-3992, 1982.
78. Spudis, P.D., B.R. Hawke, and P. Lucey, Composition of Orientale basin deposits and implications for the lunar basin-forming process, Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., 15th, Part 1, J. Geophys. Res., 89, suppl., C197-C210, 1984.
79. Spudis, P.D., R.A. Reisse, and J.J. Gillis, Ancient multiring basins on the Moon revealed by Clementine laser altimetry, Science, 266, 1848-1851, 1994.
80. Stuart-Alexander, D.E., Geologic map of the central far side of the Moon, U.S. Geol. Surv. Misc. Inv. Ser. Map, I-1047, 1978.
81. Taylor, S.R., and P. Jakes, The geochemical evolution of the Moon, Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf., 5, 1287-1305, 1974.
82. Toksoz, M.N., A.M. Dainty, S.C. Solomon, and K. Anderson, Structure of the Moon, Rev. Geophys., 12, 539, 1974.
83. Toksoz, M.N., S.C. Solomon, J.W. Minear, and D.H. Johnston, Thermal evolution of the Moon, Moon, 4, 190-213, 1972.
84. Urey, H.C., The Planets: Their Origin and Development, 242 pp., Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, Conn., 1952.
85. Wieczorek, M.A., and R.J. Phillips, The structure and composition of the lunar highland crust, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 10,933-10,944, 1997.
86. Wilhelms, D.E., K.A. Howard, and H.G. Wilshire, Geologic map of the south side of the Moon, U.S. Geol Surv. Map, I-1162, 1979.
87. Willemann, R.J., and D.L. Turcotte, Support of topographic and other loads on the moon and on the terrestrial planets, Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci., 12B, 837-851, 1981.
88. Wollenhaupt, W.R., and W.L. Sjogren, Apollo 16 laser altimeter, Apollo 16 Preliminary Science Report, NASA Spec. Publ., SP-315, 30-1-30-5, 1972.
89. Wollenhaupt, W.R., R.K. Osburn, and G.A. Ransford, Comments on the figure of the Moon from Apollo landmark tracking, Moon, 5, 149-157, 1972.
90. Wood, C.A., and A.W. Gifford, Evidence for the lunar big backside basin, Multi-Ring Basins: Formation and Evolution Conference, Rep. 414, pp. 121-123, Lunar and Planet. Inst., Houston, Tex., 1980.
91. Yomogida, K., and T. Matsui, Multiple parent bodies of ordinary chondrites, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 68, 34-42, 1984.
92. Zuber, M.T., D.E. Smith, F.G. Lemoine, and G.A. Neumann, The shape and internal structure of the Moon from the Clementine mission, Science, 266, 1839-1843, 1994.