A volcanic-exhalative origin for the world's largest (Kalahari) manganese field: A discussion of the paper by D.H. Cornell and S.S. Schütte

Mineralium Deposita

Volumn 31, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 242-245

  Beukes, N J ^a   Gutzmer, J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Manganese; Mineral Resource

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000974985     PISSN: 00264598     EISSN: 14321866     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF00204031     Document Type: Note

References (23)

1. Beukes, N.J. (1983) Palaeoenvironmental setting of iron formations in the depositional basin of the Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa. In: Trendall, A.F., Morris, R.C. (eds.) Iron formations: facts and problems. Elsevier, Amsterdam: pp. 131–209
2. Beukes, N.J., Burger, A.M., Gutzmer, J. (1996) Fault controlled hydrothermal alteration of Palaeoproterozoic manganese ore in Wessels mine, Kalahari manganese field. S. Afr. J. Geo. (in press)
3. Beukes, N.J., Klein, C. (1990) Geochemistry and sedimentology of a facies transition-from microbanded to granular iron-formation — in the Early Proterozoic Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa. Precamb. Res. 47:90–139
4. Beukes, N.J., Smit, C.A. (1987) New evidence for thrust faulting in Griqualand West, South Africa: implications for stratigraphy and the age of red beds. Trans. Geol. Soc. S. Afr. 90:378–394
5. Bezing, L. von, Dixon, R.D., Pohl, D., Cavallo, G. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: an update. Mineral. Rec. 24:10–27
6. Bezing, L. von, Gutzmer, J. (1994) Das Kalahari Manganerzfeld und seine Mineralien, Teil 1. Mineral. Welt 4:24–46
7. Bonatti, E., Kraemer, T., Rydell, H. (1972) Classification and genesis of submarine iron-manganese deposits. In: Horn, D.R. (ed.) Ferromanganese deposits on the ocean floor. National Science Foundation, Washington, pp. 149–166
8. Cornell, D.H., Schütte, S.S. (1995) A volcanic-exhalative origin for the world's largest (Kalahari) manganese field. Mineral. Deposita 30:146–151
9. De Villiers, J.P. (1970) The geology and mineralogy of the Kalahari-manganese field North of Sishen, Cape Province. Geological Survey of South Africa, Pretoria. Memoir 59:84 pp
10. Dixon, R.D. (1989) Sugilite and associated metamorphic silicate minerals from Wessels mine, Kalahari manganese field. Geological Survey, Pretoria, Bull. 93, 47 pp
11. Grobbelaar, W.S., Beukes, N.J. (1986). The Bishop and Glosam manganese mines and Beeshoek iron ore mine of the Postmasburg area. In: Annhaeusser, C.R., Maske, S. (eds.) Mineral deposits of Southern Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, Johannesburg: pp. 957–961
12. Gutzmer, J. (1993) Hydrothermale Alteration von Mangan-Erzen der Nchwaning Mine, Kalahari Manganerzfeld, Südafrika. Unpublished Diplom-Thesis, TU Clausthal, 161 pp
13. Gutzmer, J., Beukes, N.J. (1995) Fault controlled metasomatic alteration of Early Proterozoic sedimentary manganese ores in the Kalahari manganese field, South Africa. Econ. Geol. 7/8
14. Hein, J.R., Schulz, M.S., Kang, J.K. (1990) Insular and submarine ferromanganese mineralization of the Tong-Lau region. Mar. Mining 9:305–354
15. Kleyenstüber, A.S.E. (1984) The mineralogy of the manganese-bearing Hotazel Formation, of the Proterozoic Transvaal Sequence in Griqualand West, South Africa. Trans. Geol. Soc. S. Afr. 87:257–272
16. Kleyenstüber, A.S.E. (1985) A regional mineralogical study of the manganese-bearing Voelwater Subgroup in the Northern Cape Province. Unpublished PhD. Thesis, RAU, Johannesburg, 328 PP
17. Kleyenstüber, A.S.E. (1993) Significant characteristics of the manganese ores and some of the minerals occurring in the Proterozoic Kalahari manganese field, South Africa. Res. Geol. Spec. Iss. 17:2–11
18. Marchig, V., Gundlach, H., Möller, P., Schley, F. (1982) Some geochemical indicators for discrimination between diagenetic and hydrothermal metalliferous sediments. Mar. Geol. 50: 241–256
19. Miyano, T., Beukes, N.J. (1987) Physicochemical environments for the formation of quartz-free manganese oxide ores from the Early Proterozoic Hotazel Formation, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa. Econ. Geol. 82:706–718
20. Nel, C.J., Beukes, N.J., De Villiers, J.P.R. (1986) The Mamatwan manganese mine of the Kalahari manganese field. In: Annhaeusser, C.R., Maske, S. (eds.) Mineral deposits of Southern Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, Johannesburg, pp. 963–978
21. Schütte, S.S. (1992) Ongeluk volcanism in relation to the Kalahari manganese deposits. University of Natal, unpublished PhD thesis, 262 pp
22. Sorem R.K., Foster A.R. (1972) Internal structure of manganese nodules and implications in beneficiation. In: Horn, D.R. (ed) Ferromanganese deposits on the ocean floor. National Science Foundation, Washington, pp. 167–181
23. Taljaardt, J.J. (1979) Major manganese ore fields, Republic of South Africa. Unpublished rep. SAMANCOR, Johannesburg, 11 pp