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note
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In fact, without the image force the problem of the barrier becomes ill defined to a certain extent, as may be seen from the classical, textbook solution of the metal/semiconductor contact (Ref. 18). On the other hand, when the dipolar shift is confined to the first monolayer it turns rather insensitive to external voltage. Then it may be introduced in the device model as the phenomenological parameter, the approach adopted in Ref. 19.
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