Civil society as democratic practice: North American cities during the nineteenth century

Journal of Interdisciplinary History

Volumn 29, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 559-584

  Ryan, Mary P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000961133     PISSN: 00221953     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1162/002219599551813     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Jean L. Cohen and Andrew Arato, Civil Society and Political Theory (New York, 1992), 19.
2. See Robert D. Putnam, with Roberto Leonardi and Raffaella Y. Nanetti, Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy (Princeton, 1993);
3. Tocqueville (trans. Henry Reeve), Democracy in America (London, 1835-1840),
4. zv.; Habermas (trans. Thomas Burger and Frederick Lawrence), The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere (Cambridge, Mass., 1989).
5. David Franks, The New York Directory (New York, 1786), 94-103.
6. New York as It Is: Containing a General Description of the City of New York (New York, 1840), 67-113.
7. New York as It Is: Containing a General Description of the City of New York (Ibid., 75-108.
8. New York as It Is: Containing a General Description of the City of New York (Ibid., 102, 106.
9. New Orleans Directories (1805), 33;
10. New Orleans Directories ((1811), 34 .
11. Lecount and Strong's San Francisco City Directory for 1854 (canvassed and compiled by Frank Rivers) (San Francisco, 1854).
12. Longworth's American Almanac, New York Register, and City Directory (New York, 1830).
13. New York Tribune, 26 Nov. 1875.
14. New York as It Is, 105.
15. San Francisco Directory for the Year Commencing June 1, 1859 (San Francisco, 1859), 391.
16. San Francisco Directory for the Year Commencing July, 1860 (San Francisco, 1860), 440-445.
17. Lecount and Strong's San Francisco City Directory, 250.
18. Lecount and Strong's San Francisco City Directory, Ibid., 254.
19. Michael Schudson, Discovering the News: A Social History of American Newspapers (New York, 1978);
20. Donald Schiller, Objectivity and the News: The Public and the Rise of Commercial Journalism (Philadelphia, 1981);
21. Richard R. John, Spreading the News: The American Postal System from Franklin to Morse (Cambridge, 1995).
22. Daily Alta Californian, 22 Apr. 1955.
23. New York Evening Press, 2 Jan. 1827.
24. New York Evening Press, Ibid., 7 July 1827, 27 Aug. 1835.
25. See Ryan, Civic Wars: Democracy and Public Life in American Cities during the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley, 1997), 94-131.
26. New York Evening Press, 3 Nov. 1827.
27. New York Evening Press, Ibid., 5-12 Apr. 1834.
28. New York Evening Press, 1834. Ibid.
29. San Francisco Daily Alta, 7-31 May 1855.
30. Walter Hugins, Jacksonian Democracy and the Working Class (Stanford, 1960), 57;
31. San Francisco Directory for the Year Commencing June 1, 1859, 391.
32. Hugins, Jacksonian Democracy, 220;
33. Working Man's Advocate, 31 Oct. 1829.
34. Working Man's Advocate, Ibid., 29 and 30 Oct. 1829, 16 Mar. 1844.
35. New York as It Is, 99-100.
36. See Carroll Smith Rosenberg, Disorderly Conduct: Visions of Gender in Victorian America (New York, 1985);
37. Ryan, Women in Public: Between Banners and Ballots, 1825-1880 (Baltimore, 1990).
38. See James Horton and Phyllis Field, The Politics of Race in New York: The Struggle for Black Suffrage in the Civil War Era (Ithaca, 1982);
39. Jean Fagin Yellin and John Van Horne (eds.), The Abolitionist Sisterhood Women's Political Culture in Ante-Bellum America (Ithaca, 1994).
40. New York as It Is, 79-81.
41. Lecount and Strong's San Francisco City Directory, 255.