Supported planar germanium waveguides for infrared evanescent-wave sensing

Applied Optics

Volumn 36, Issue 18, 1997, Pages 4055-4061

  Plunkett, Susan E ^a   Propst, Steven ^b   Braiman, Mark S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA HEALTH SYSTEM   (United States)

^b SONY CORPORATION   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000955118     PISSN: 1559128X     EISSN: 21553165     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/AO.36.004055     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. N. J. Harrick, Internal Reflection Spectroscopy (Harrick, Ossining, N.Y., 1979).
2. A. Bornstein, M. Katz, A. Baram, and D. Wolfman, “Attenuated total reflection spectroscopy with chalcogenide bi-tapered fibers,” in Infrared Fiber Optics III, J. A. Harrington and A. Katzir, eds., Proc. SPIE 1591, 256-262 (1992).
3. R. D. Driver, J. N. Downing, and G. M. Leskowitz, “Evanescent-wave spectroscopy down infrared transmitting optical fibers,” in Infrared Fiber Optics III, J. A. Harrington and A. Katzir, eds., Proc. SPIE 1591, 168-179 (1992).
4. R. S. Rogowski, J. S. Namkung, M. Hoke, and S. Albin, “FT-IR optical fiber remote detection of aluminum hydroxide by evanescent wave absorption,” Appl. Spectrosc. 49, 1305-1310 (1995).
5. D. S. Blair, L. W. Burgess, and A. M. Brodsky, “Study of analyte diffusion into a silicone-clad fiber-optic chemical sensor by evanescent wave spectroscopy,” Appl. Spectrosc. 49, 1636-1645 (1995).
6. M. S. Braiman and K. J. Wilson, “New FTIR techniques for studying biological membranes,” in Seventh International Conference on Fourier Transform Spectroscopy, D. Cameron, ed., Proc. SPIE 1145, 397-399 (1989).
7. M. S. Braiman and R. E. Jonas, “Evanescent-wave IR spectroscopy of single-bilayer membranes coated on chalcogenide fibers: Sensitivity improvements using a diamond rod coupler between fiber and source,” in Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Fiber Sensors IV, R. A. Liberman, ed., Proc. SPIE 1796, 402-411 (1993).
8. R. E. Jonas and M. S. Braiman, “Efficient source-to-fiber coupling method using a diamond rod: theory and application to multimode evanescent-wave IR absorption spectroscopy,” Appl. Spectrosc. 47, 1751-1759 (1993).
9. R. E. Jonas and M. S. Braiman, “Compact source-to-fiber diamond optical coupler enhances absorbances from optical fiber evanescent-wave IR spectroscopy using a simple design,” in Fiber Optic Sensors in Medical Diagnostics, F. P. Milanovich, ed., Proc. SPIE 1886, 9-14 (1993).
10. L. Yang and S. S. Saavedra, “Chemical sensors using sol-gel derived planar waveguides and indicator phases,” Anal. Chem. 67, 1307-1314 (1995).
11. S. S. Saavedra and W. M. Reichert, “A flow cell for mode-specific, integrated optical waveguide spectroscopy in aqueous superstrates,” Appl. Spectrosc. 44, 1420-1423 (1990).
12. S. S. Saavedra and W. M. Reichert, “Prism coupling into polymer integrated optical waveguides with liquid superstrates,” Appl. Spectrosc. 44, 1210-1217 (1990).
13. S. S. Saavedra and W. M. Reichert, “Integrated optical attenuated total reflection spectrometry of aqueous superstrates using prism-coupled polymer waveguides,” Anal. Chem. 62, 2251-2256 (1990).
14. S. S. Saavedra and W. M. Reichert, “In situ quantitation of protein absorption density by integrated optical waveguide attenuated total reflection spectrometry,” Langmuir 7, 995-999 (1991).
15. D. S. Walker, W. M. Reichert, and C. J. Berry, “Corning 7059, silicon oxynitride, and silicon dioxide thin-film integrated optical waveguides: in search of low loss, nonfluorescent, reusable glass waveguides,” Appl. Spectrosc. 46, 1437-1441 (1992).
16. L. Yang, S. S. Saavedra, N. R. Armstrong, and J. Hayes, “Fabrication and characterization of low-loss, sol-gel planar waveguides,” Anal. Chem. 66, 1254-1263 (1994).
17. C. G. Zimba, V. M. Hallmark, S. Turrell, J. D. Swalen, and J. F. Rabolt, “Applications of Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy to studies of thin polymer films,” J. Phys. Chem. 94, 939-943 (1990).
18. J. M. Mir and J. A. Agostinelli, “Optical thin films for waveguide applications,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 12, 1439-1445 (1994).
19. D. Vincent, “Infrared waveguides in silicon,” in Integrated Optics, 1972 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 1972).
20. W. S. C. Chang and K. W. Loh, “Experimental observation of 10.6-micron guided wave in Ge thin films,” Appl. Opt. 10, 2361-2362 (1971).
21. D. Marcuse, Theory of Dielectric Optical Waveguides (Academic, New York, 1991).
22. G. Müller, K. Abraham, and M. Schaldach, “Quantitative ATR spectroscopy: some basic considerations,” Appl. Opt. 20, 1182-1190 (1981).
23. S. Simhony, I. Schnitzer, A. Katzir, and E. M. Kosower, “Evanescent wave infrared spectroscopy of liquids using silver halide optical fibers,” J. Appl. Phys. 64, 3732-3734 (1988).
24. M. S. Braiman and S. E. Plunkett, “Design for supported planar waveguides for obtaining mid-IR evanescent-wave absorption spectra from biomembranes of individual cells,” Appl. Spectrosc. 51, 592-597 (1997).