Erosion and recovery of the plasmasphere in the plasmapause region

Space Science Reviews

Volumn 80, Issue 1-2, 1997, Pages 153-179

  Carpenter, D L ^a   Lemaire, J ^b  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b BELGIAN INSTITUTE FOR SPACE AERONOMY   (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000953813     PISSN: 00386308     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-0045-5_7     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. Afonin, V. V., Bassolo, V. S., Smibauer, Y. and Lemaire, J.: 1997, 'Motion and erosion of the nightside plasmapause region and of the associated subauroral electron temperature enhancement: COSMOS-900 observations', J. Geophys, Res. 102, 2093.
2. Anderson, P. C., Heelis, R. A. and Hanson, W. B.: 1991, 'The ionospheric signatures of rapid subauroral ion drifts', J. Geophys. Res. 96, 5785.
3. Anderson, P. C., Hanson, W. B., Heelis, R. A., Craven, J. D., Baker, D. N. and Frank, L. A.: 1993, 'A proposed production model of rapid subauroral ion drifts and their relationship to substorm evolution', J. Geophys. Res. 98, 6069.
4. Angerami, J. J. and Carpenter, D. L.: 1966, 'Whistler studies of the plasmapause in the magnetosphere, 2, Equatorial density and total tube electron content near the knee in magnetospheric ionization', J. Geophys. Res. 71, 711.
5. Axford, W. I. and Hines, C. O.: 1961, 'A unifying theory of high-latitude geophysical phenomena and geomagnetic storms', Canad. J. Phys. 39, 1433.
6. Block, L. P.: 1966, 'On the distribution of electric fields in the magnetosphere', J. Geophys. Res. 71, 855.
7. Brace, L. H. and Theis, R. F.: 1974, 'The behavior of the plasmapause at midlatitudes: ISIS 1 Langmuir probe measurements', J. Geophys. Res. 79, 1871.
8. Brice, N. M.: 1967. 'Bulk motion of the magnetosphere', J. Geophys. Res. 72, 5193.
9. Calvert, W. et al.: 1995, 'The feasibility of radio sounding in the magnetosphere', Radiosci. 30, 1577.
10. Carpenter, D. L.: 1962, 'The magnetosphere during magnetic storms; a whistler analysis', Ph.D. thesis, Stanford University.
11. Carpenter, D. L.: 1963, 'Whistler evidence of a 'knee' in the magnetospheric ionization density profile', J. Geophys. Res. 68, 1675.
12. Carpenter, D. L.: 1966, 'Whistler studies of the plasmapause in the magnetosphere, 1, Temporal variations in the position of the knee and some evidence on plasma motions near the knee', J. Geophys. Res. 71, 693.
13. Carpenter, D. L.: 1967, 'Relations between the dawn minimum in the equatorial radius of the plasmapause and Dst, Kp and the local K at Byrd Station', J. Geophys. Res. 72, 2969.
14. Carpenter, D. L.: 1970, 'Whistler evidence of the dynamic behavior of the duskside bulge in the plasmasphere', J. Geophys. Res. 75, 3837.
15. Carpenter, D. L.: 1995, 'Earth's plasmasphere awaits rediscovery', Eos, trans. AGU, 76, 89.
16. Carpenter, D. L. and Akasofu, S.-I.: 1972, 'Two substorm studies of relations between westward electric fields in the outer plasmasphere, auroral activity, and geomagnetic perturbations', J. Geophys. Res. 77, 6854.
17. Carpenter, D. L. and Anderson, R. R.: 1992, 'An ISEE/whistler model of equatorial electron density in the magnetosphere', J. Geophys. Res. 97, 1097.
18. Carpenter, D. L. and Park, C. G.: 1973, 'On what ionosphere workers should know about the plasmapause-plasmasphere', Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 11, 133.
19. Carpenter, D. L., Stone, K., Siren, J. C. and Crystal, T. L.: 1972, 'Magnetospheric electric fields deduced from drifting whistler paths', J. Geophys. Res. 77, 2819.
20. Carpenter, D. L., Park, C. G. and Miller, T. W.: 1979, 'A model of substorm electric fields deduced from drifting whistler paths', J. Geophys. Res. 84, 6559.
21. Carpenter, D. L., Giles, B. L., Chappell, C. R., Décréau, P. M. E., Anderson, R. R., Persoon, A. M., Smith, A. J., Corcuff, Y. and Canu, P.: 1993, 'Plasmasphere dynamics in the dusk-side bulge region: a new look at an old topic', J. Geophys. Res. 98, 19, 243.
22. Cauffman, D. P. and Gurnett, D. A.: 1972, 'Satellite measurements of high latitude convection electric fields', Space Sci. Rev. 13, 369.
23. Chappell, C. R.: 1972, 'Recent satellite measuremenets of the morphology and dynamics of the plasmasphere', Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 10, 951.
24. Chappell, C. R.: 1974, 'Detached plasma regions in the magnetosphere', J. Geophys. Res. 79, 1861.
25. Chapped, C. R., Harris, K. K. and Sharp, G. W.: 1970a, 'A study of the influence of magnetic activity on the location of the plasmapause as measured by OGO 5', J. Geophys. Res. 75, 50.
26. Chappell, C. R., Harris, K. K. and Sharp, G. W.: 1970b, 'The morphology of the bulge region of the plasmasphere', J. Geophys. Res. 75, 3848.
27. Chappell, C. R., Harris, K. K. and Sharp, G. W.: 1971, 'The dayside of the plasmasphere', J. Geophys. Res. 76, 7632.
28. Chen, A. J. and Wolf, R. A.: 1972, 'Effects on the plasmasphere of time-varying convection electric fields', Plan. Space Sci. 20, 483.
29. Décréau, P. M. E., Beghin, C. and Parrot, M.: 1982, 'Global characteristics of the cold plasma in the equatorial plasmapause region as deduced from the GEOS 1 mutual impedance probe', J. Geophys. Res. 87, 695.
30. Dungey, J. W.: 'The theory of the quiet magneto-sphere', in J. King and W. Newman (eds.), Proceedings of the 1966 Symposium on Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Belgrade, Academic Press, Inc., London and New York, pp. 91-106.
31. Elphic, R. C., Weiss, L. A., Thomsen, M. F. and McComas, D. J.: 1996 'Evolution of plasmaspheric ions at geosynchronous orbit during times of high geomagnetic activity', Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 2189.
32. Elphic, R. C., Thomsen, M. F. and Borovsky, J. E.: 1997, 'The fate of the outer plasmasphere', Geophys. Res. Lett. 24, 365.
33. Frank, L. A. et al: 1994, 'Imagers for the magnetosphere, aurora, and plasmasphere', Optical Eng., 33(2), 391.
34. Freeman, J. W., Hills, H. K., Hill, T. W. and Reiff, P. H.: 1977, 'Heavy ion circulation in the earth's magnetosphere', Geophys. Res. Lett. 4, 195.
35. Freeman, M. P., Southwood, D. J., Lester, M., Yeoman, T. K. and Reeves, G. D.: 1992, 'Substorm-associated radar auroral surges', J. Geophys. Res. 97, 12, 173.
36. + in the low latitude boundary layer, Geophys. Res. Lett. 16, 751.
37. Gallagher, D. L., Craven, P. D., Comfort, R. H. and Moore, T. E.: 1995, 'On the azimuthal variation of core plasma in the equatorial magnetosphere', J. Geophys. Res. 100, 23, 597.
38. Galperin, Y. I., Khalipov, V. L. and Zosimova, A. G.: 1974, 'Plasma convection in the polar ionosphere', Ann Geophys. 30, 1.
39. Galperin, Y. I., Soloviev, V. S., Torkar, K., Foster, J. C. and Veselov, M. V.: 1997, 'Predicting plasmaspheric radial density profiles', J. Geophys. Res. 102, 2079.
40. Gurnett, D. A.: 1976, 'Plasma wave interactions with energetic ions near the magnetic equator', J. Geophys. Res. 81, 2765.
41. Gurnett, D. A. and Shaw, R. R.: 1973, 'Electromagnetic radiation trapped in the magneto-sphere above the plasma frequency', J. Geophys. Res. 78, 8136.
42. Gringauz, K. I.: 1963, 'The structure of the ionized gas envelope of earth from direct measurements in the USSR of local charged particle concentrations', Planet. Space Sci. 11, 281.
43. Gringanz, K. I., Kurt, V. G., Moroz, V. I. and Shklovsky, I. S.: 1960, 'Results of observations of charged particles up to R=100000 km with the aid of charged particle traps on Soviet cosmic rockets', Astron. Zhurnal 4, 716.
44. Heppner, J. P. and Maynard, N. C.: 1987, 'Empirical high latitude electric field models', J. Geophys. Res. 92, 4467.
45. E: A statistical study of the GEOS 2 relaxation sounder data', J. Geophys. Res., 89, 1583.
46. Ho, D, and Carpenter, D. L.: 1976, 'Outlying plasmasphere structure detected by whistlers', Planet. Space Sci. 24, 987.
47. Horwitz, J. L.: 1983, 'Plasmapause diffusion', J. Geophys. Res. 88, 4950.
48. Horwitz, J. L., Baugher, C. R., Chappell, C. R., Shelley, E. G. and Young, D. T.: 1981, 'Pancake pitch angle distributions in warm ions observed with ISEE 1', J. Geophys. Res. 86, 3311.
49. Horwitz, J, L., Comfort, R. H. and Chappell, C. R.: 1990, 'A statistical characterization of plasmasphere density structure and boundary locations', J. Geophys. Res. 95, 7937.
50. Huang, T. S., Wolf, R. A. and Hill, T. W.: 1990, 'Interchange instability of the Earth's plasmapause', J. Geophys. Res. 95, 17, 187.
51. Jaggi, R. K. and Wolf, R. A.: 1973, 'Self-consistent calculation of the motion of a sheet of ions in the magnetosphere' J. Geophys. Res. 78, 2852.
52. Karlson, E. T..: 1971, 'Plasma flow in the magnetosphere. I. A two-dimensional model of stationary flow', Cosmic Electrodynamics 1, 474.
53. Kelley, M. C.: 1986, 'Intense sheared flow as the origin of large-scale undulations of the edge of the diffuse aurora', J. Geophys. Res. 91, 3225.
54. Koons, H. C.: 1989, 'Observations of large amplitude, whistler mode wave ducts in the outer plasmasphere', J. Geophys. Res. 94, 15, 393.
55. Kurita, K. and Hayakawa, M.: 1985, 'Evaluation of the effectiveness of theoretical model calculation in determining the plasmapause structure', J. Geophys. 57, 130.
56. LeDocq, M. J., Gurnett, D. A. and Anderson, R. R.: 1994, 'Electron number density fluctua-tions near the plasmapause observed by the CRRES spacecraft', J. Geophys. Res. 99, 23, 661.
57. Lemaire, J.: 1974, The "Roche-limit" of ionospheric plasma and formation of the plasma-pause', Planet. Space Sci. 22, 757.
58. Lemaire, J.: 1975, 'The mechanisms of formation of the plasmapause', Ann. Géophys. 31, 175.
59. Lemaire, J.; 1985, 'Frontiers of the plasmasphere', Thèse d'agrégation de l'enseignement supérieur, Editions Cabay, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
60. Lemaire, J. and Gringauz, K. I.: 1997, The Earth's Plasmasphere, Cambridge University Press (in press).
61. Lemaire, J. and Schunk, R. W.: 1992, 'Plasmaspheric wind', J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 54, 467.
62. Lemaire, J. and Schunk, R. W.: 1994, 'Plasmasphere convection with non-closed streamlines', J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 56, 1629.
63. Lennartsson, W. and Reasoner, D. L.: 1978, 'Low-energy plasma observations at synchronous orbit', J. Geophys. Res. 83, 2145.
64. Moldwin, M. B., Thomsen, M. G., Bame, S. J., McComas, D. J. and Moore, K. R.: 1994, 'An examination of the structure and dynamics of the outer plasmasphere using multiple geosynchronous satellites', J. Geophys. Res, 99, 11, 475.
65. Moldwin, M. B. Thomsen, M. F., Bame, S J., McComas, D. J. and Reeves, G. D.: 1995, 'The fine scale structure of the outer plasmasphere', J. Geophys. Res. 100, 8021.
66. Morfill, G. E.: 1978, 'A review of selected topics in magnetospheric physics,' Rep. Prog. Phys. 41, 303.
67. Nagai, T., Horwitz, J. L., Anderson, R. R. and Chappell, C. R.: 1985, 'Structure of the plasmapause from ISEE 1 low energy ion and plasma wave observations', J. Geophys. Res. 90, 6622.
68. Nishida, A.: 1966, 'Formation of plasmapause, or magnetospheric plasma knee, by the combined action of magnetospheric convection and plasma escape from the tail', J. Geophys. Res. 71, 5669.
69. Ober, D. M., Horwitz, J. L., Thomsen, M. F., Elphic, R. C., McComas, D. J., Belian, R. D. and Moldwin, M. B.: 1997a, 'Premidnight plasmaspheric "plumes"', Geophys. Res. 102, in press.
70. Ober, D. M., Horwitz, J. L. and Gallagher, D. L.: 1997b, 'Formation of density troughs embedded in the outer plasmasphere by subauroral ion drifts (SAID)', J. Geophys. Res. 102, in press.
71. Über, D. M., Horwitz, J. L. and Gallagher, D. L.: 1997c, 'Convection of plasmaspheric plasma into the outer magnetosphere and boundary layer region: Initial results', submitted to Encounters between global observations and models in the ISTP era, American Geophysical Union, Washington, D. C.
72. Okada, T., Hayakawa, H., Tsuruda, K., Nishida, A. and Matsuoka, A.: 1993, 'EXOS D observations of enhanced electric fields during the giant magnetic storm in March 1989', J. Geophys. Res. 98, 15, 417.
73. Olsen, R. C., Shawhan, S. D., Gallagher, D. L., Green, J. L., Chappell, C. R. and Anderson, R. R.: 1987, 'Plasma observations at the magnetic equator' J. Geophys. Res. 92, 2385.
74. Oya, H. and Ono, T.: 1987, 'Stimulation of plasma waves in the magnetosphere using satellite JIKIKEN (EXOS-B) Part II: Plasma density across the plasmapause', J. Geomag & Geoel. 39, 591.
75. Park, C. G.: 1970, 'Whistler observations of the interchange of ionization between the ionosphere and the protonosphere', J. Geophys. Res. 75, 4249.
76. Park, C. G.: 1973, 'Whistler observations of the depletion of the plasmasphere during a magnetospheric substorm', J. Geophys. Res. 78, 672.
77. Park, C. G.: 1974, 'Some features of plasma distribution in the plasmasphere deduced from Antarctic whistlers', J. Geophys. Res. 79, 169.
78. Park, C. G.: 1978, 'Whistler observations of substorm electric fields in the nightside plasmasphere', J. Geophys. Res. 83, 5773.
79. Park, C. G. and Carpenter, D. L.: 1970, 'Whistler evidence of large-scale electron density irregularities in the plasmasphere', J. Geophys. Res. 75, 3825.
80. Peterson, W. K., Shelley, E. G., Haerendel, G. and Paschmann, G.: 1982, 'Energetic ion composition in the subsolar magnetopause and boundary layer', J. Geophys. Res. 87, 2139.
81. Richmond, A. D.: 1973, 'Self-induced motions of thermal plasma in the rnagnetosphere and the stability of the plasmapause', Radio Sci. 8, 1019.
82. Roth, M.: 1975, 'The plasmapause as a plasma sheath: a minimum thickness', J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 38, 1065.
83. Saxton, J. M. and Smith, A. J.: 1989, 'Quiet time plasmaspheric electric fields and plasmasphere-inosphere coupling flluxes at L=2.5', Planet. Space Sci. 37, 283.
84. Smiddy, M., Kelley, M. C., Burke, W., Rich, F., Sagalyn, R., Shuman, B., Hays, R. and Lai, S.: 1977, 'Intense poleward-directed electric fields near the ionospheric projection of the plasmapause', Geophys. Res. Lett. 4, 543.
85. Smith, A. J., Carpenter, D. L. and Lester, M.: 1981, 'Longitudinal variations in plasmapause radius and the propagation of VLF noise within small (ÆL-0.5) extensions of the plasmapause', Geophys. Res. Lett. 8, 5819.
86. Song, X-T., Gendrin, R. and Caudal, G.: 1988, 'Refilling process in the plasmasphere and its relation to magnetic activity', J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 50, 185.
87. Spiro, R. W., Harel, M., Wolf, R. A. and Reiff, P. H.: 1981, 'Quantitative simulation of a magnetospheric substorm. 3. Plasmaspheric electric fields and evolution of the plasmapause', J. Geophys. Res. 86, 2261.
88. Stern, D. P.: 1974, 'Models of the Earth's electric field', NASA/GSFC X Doc. 602-74-159. Taresai, Gy.: 1985, 'Ionosphere plasmasphere electron fluxes at middle latitudes obtained from whistlers'. Adv. Space Res. 5(4), 155.
89. Volland, H.: 1973, 'A semiempirical model of large-scale magnetospheric electric fields', J. Geophys. Res. 78, 171.
90. Weiss, L. A., Lambour, R. L., Elphic, R. C. and Thomsen, M. F.: 1997, 'Study of plasmaspheric evolution using geosynchronous observations and global modeling' ,Geophys. Res. Lett. 24, 599.
91. Wolf, R. A.: 1983, 'The quai-static (slow-flow) region of the magnetosphere', in R. L. Carovillano and J. M. Forbes, (eds.), Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Principles and Theoretical Foundations, D. Reidel, Dordrecht, pp. 303-329.
92. Yeh, H.-C., Foster, J. C., Rich, F. J. and Swider, W.: 1991, 'Storm time electric field pene-tration observed at mid-latitude, J. Geophys. Res. 96, 5707.