Location and Mobility of Functional Groups at the Surface of Oxidized, Low-Density Polyethylene Film

Journal of the American Chemical Society

Volumn 99, Issue 14, 1977, Pages 4746-4756

  Rasmussen, James R ^a   Bergbreiter, David E ^a   Whitesides, George M ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000892912     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: 15205126     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja00456a036     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. J. R. Rasmussen, E. R. Stedronsky, and G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc., preceding paper in this issue.
2. N. J. Harrick, “Internal Reflection Spectroscopy”, Wiley-lnterscience, New York, N.Y., 1967.
3. P. A. Wilks and T. Hirschfeld, Appl. Spectrosc. Rev., 1, 99 (1967).
4. D. J. Carlsson and D. M. Wiles, Macromolecules, 4, 174, 179 (1971); Can. J. Chem., 48, 2397 (1970).
5. M. G. Chan and D. L. Allara, J. Colloid Interfac. Sci., 47, 697 (1974).
6. J. S. Brinen, Acc. Chem. Res., 9, 86 (1976).
7. I. Lindau and W. E. Spicer, J. Electron Spectrosc., 3, 409 (1974);
8. C. J. Powell, Surf. Sci., 44, 29 (1974).
9. For applications of ESCA to polymer surface analysis, see D. T. Clark and W. J. Feast, J. Macromol. Sci., Rev. Macromol. Chem., 12, 191 (1975).
10. G. R. Stark, Ed., “Biochemical Aspects of Reactions on Solid Supports”, Academic Press, New York, N.Y., 1971.
11. C. C. Leznoff, Chem. Soc. Rev., 3, 65 (1974).
12. J. I. Crowley and H. Rapoport, Acc. Chem. Res., 9, 135 (1976).
13. D. Klamann, C. Sass, and M. Zelenka, Chem. Ber., 92, 1910 (1959).
14. Thionyl chloride itself is able to oxidize methylene groups adjacent to ketone carbonyls to produce reactive species which could potentially react with amines: A. J. Krubsack, R. Sehgal, W. Loong, and W. E. Slack, J. Org. Chem., 40, 3179 (1975).
15. G. Machell, Chem. Prod., 19, 307 (1956).
16. M. S. Kharasch and A. T. Read, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 61, 3089 (1939);
17. F. Asinger, “Paraffins: Chemistry and Technology”, English ed, Pergamon Press, New York, N.Y., 1968, Chapter 5.
18. R. D. Kornberg and H. M. McConnell, Biochemistry, 10, 1111 (1971).
19. B. M. Hoffman and T. B. Eames, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 91, 2169 (1969).
20. R. F. Chen, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 120, 609 (1967).
21. Acid quenches the fluorescence of dansyl derivatives by protonating the dimethylamino substituent: the characteristic dansyl absorption maximum at 340 nm is shifted to shorter wavelengths, and radiation at 340 nm is no longer effective in excitation: D. Lagunoff and P. Ottolenghi, C. R. Trav. Lab. Carlsberg, 35, 63 (1965).
22. H. M. Swartz, J. R. Bolton, and O. C. Borg, Ed., “Biological Applications of Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy”, Wiley-lnterscience, New York, N.Y., 1972.
23. G. I. Likhtenstein, “Spin Labeling Methods in Molecular Biology”, P/ S. Shelnitz, translator, Wiley-lnterscience, New York, N.Y., 1976.
24. Migration of polar molecules into polyethylene has been observed. For example, copper carboxylate species formed at a polyethylene-coppsr interface can penetrate deep into the bulk polymer: D. L. Allara, C. W. White, R. L. Meek, and T. H. Briggs, J. Polym. Sci., Part A-1, 14, 93 (1976).
25. Similar observations have been made for spin labels in solvent-swollen polymers: S. L. Regen, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 97, 3108 (1975).
26. H. V. Boenig, “Polyolefins”, Elsevier, New York, N.Y., 1966, Chapter 5.
27. G. P. Rabold, J. Polym. Sci., Part A-1, 7, 1203 (1969).
28. L. Mandelkern, Acc. Chem. Res., 9, 81 (1976).
29. A. Baszkin, N. Nishino, and L. Ter-Minassian-Saraga, J. Colloid Interfac. Sci., 54, 317 (1976).
30. P. Blais, D. J. Carlsson, G. W. Csullog, and D. M. Wiles, J. Colloid Interfac. Sci., 47, 636 (1974).
31. B. J. Gaffney in “Spin Labeling: Theory and Applications”, L. J. Berliner, Ed., Academic Press, New York, N.Y., 1975, Chapter 5.