Vascularization of the Heart During Normal and Pathological Growth

Advances in Organ Biology

Volumn 7, Issue C, 1999, Pages 129-153

  Rakusan, Karel ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000873812     PISSN: 15692590     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S1569-2590(08)60166-4     Document Type: Article

References (120)

1. Amann K., Greber D., Gharehbaghi H., Wiest G., Lange B., Ganten U., Mattfeldt T., and Mall G. Effects of nifedipine and monoxidine on cardiac structure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Stereological studies on myocytes, capillaries, arteries and cardiac interstitium. Am. J. Hypert. 5 (1992) 76-83
2. Anderson P.G., Bishop S., and Digerness S.B. Coronary vascular function and morphology in hydralazine treated DOCA salt rats. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 20 (1988) 955-967
3. Anversa P., and Capasso J.M. Loss of intermediate-sized coronary arteries and capillary proliferation after left ventricular failure in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 260 (1991) 1552-1560
4. Anversa P., Hiler B., Ricci R., Guideri G., and Olivetti G. Myocyte cell loss and myocyte hypertrophy in the aging rat heart. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 8 (1986) 1441-1448
5. Anversa P., Li P., Sonnenblick E.H., and Olivetti G. Effects of aging on quantitative structural properties of coronary vasculature and microvasculature in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 267 (1994) H1062-H1073
6. Anversa P., Loud A., Giacomelli F., and Wiener J. Absolute morphometric study of myocardial hypertrophy in experimental hypertension II. Ultrastructure of myocytes and interstitium. Lab. Invest. 38 (1978) 597-609
7. Anversa P., Ricci R., and Olivetti G. Coronary capillaries during normal and pathological growth. Can. J. Cardiol. 2 (1986) 104-113
8. Anversa P., and Sonnenblick E.H. Ischemic cardiomyopathy: Pathophysiologic mechanisms. Prog. Cardiol. Diseases 33 (1990) 49-70
9. Arai S., Machida A., and Nakamura T. Myocardial structure and vascularization of hypertrophied hearts. Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 95 (1968) 35-54
10. Arieli R., and Ar A. Blood capillary density in heart and skeletal muscles of the fossorial mole rat. Physiol. Zoology 54 (1981) 22-27
11. Auerbach W., and Auerbach R. Angiogenesis inhibition: A review. Pharmacol. Ther. 63 (1994) 265-311
12. Banai S., Jaklitsch M.T., Casscells W., Shou M., Shrivastav S., Correa R., Epstein S.E., and Unger E.F. Effects of acidic fibroblast growth factor on normal and ischemic myocardium. Circ. Res. 69 (1991) 76-85
13. Batra S., and Rakusan K. Geometry of capillary networks in volume overloaded rat heart. Microvasc. Res. 42 (1991) 39-50
14. Batra S., and Rakusan K. Capillary network geometry during postnatal growth in rat hearts. Am. J. Physiol. 262 (1992) H635-H640
15. Batra S., Rakusan K., and Campbell S.E. Geometry of capillary networks in hypertrophied rat heart. Microvasc. Res. 41 (1991) 29-40
16. Battler A., Scheinowitz M., Bor A., Hasdai D., Nass D., Engelberg S., Belkin M., and Savion N. Intracoronary injection of basic fibroblast growth factor enhances angiogenesis in infarcted swine myocardium. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 22 (1993) 2001-2006
17. Bikfalvi A., and Han Z.S. Angiogenic factors are hematopoietic factors and vice versa. Leukemia 8 (1994) 523-529
18. Bishop S.P., Powell P.C., Hasebe N.I., Shen Y.T., Patrick T.A., Hittinger L., and Vatner S.F. Coronary vascular morphology in pressure-overload left ventricular hypertrophy. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 28 (1996) 141-154
19. Breisch E.A., White F., and Bloor C.M. Myocardial characteristics of pressure overload hypertrophy. Lab. Invest. 51 3 (1984) 333-342
20. Breisch E.A., White F.C., Hammond H.K., Flynn S., and Bloor C.M. Myocardial characteristics of thyroxine stimulated hypertrophy. A structural and functional study. Basic Res. Cardiol. 84 (1989) 345-358
21. Brown M.D., and Hudlická O. Capillary supply and cardiac performance in the rabbit after chronic dobutamine treatment. Cardiovasc. Res. 25 (1991) 909-915
22. Buss D.D., Hyde D.M., and Stovall M.Y. Application of stereology to coronary microcirculation. Basic Res. Cardiol. 76 (1981) 411-415
23. Canby C.A., Palmer P.J., Wall K.R., and Tomanek R.J. Effects of captopril on left ventricular structure and function in SHR with established hypertension. Basic Res. Cardiol. 84 (1989) 306-318
24. Chen Y., Torry R.J., Baumbach G.L., and Tomanek R.J. Proportional arteriolar growth accompanies cardiac hypertrophy induced by volume overload. Am. J. Physiol. 267 6 (1994) H2132-H2137
25. Chilian W.M., Wangler R.D., Peters K., Tomanek R.J., and Marcus M. Thyroxine-induced left ventricular hypertrophy in the rat. Circ. Res. 57 (1985) 591-598
26. Cimini C.M., and Weiss H.R. Microvascular morphometry and perfusion in renal hypertension-induced hypertrophy. Am. J. Physiol. 255 (1988) H1384-H1390
27. Crystal G.J., Downey F., and Bashour F. Small vessel and total coronary blood volume during intracoronary adenosine. Am. J. Physiol. 241 (1981) H194-H201
28. Eccleston-Joyner C.A., and Gray S.D. Arterial hypertrophy in the fetal and neonatal spontaneously hypertensive rat. Hypertension 12 (1988) 513-518
29. Engelmann G.L., Vitullo J.C., and Gerrity R.G. Morphometric analysis of cardiac hypertrophy during development, maturation, and senescence in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Circ. Res. 60 (1987) 487-494
30. Fandrey J. Hypoxia-induced gene expression. Resp. Physiol. 101 (1995) 1-10
31. Figulla H.R., Vetterlein F., Wiegand V., Schuler S., and Kreuzer H. Capillary density and oxygen supply in human dilated cardiomyopathy. Z. Kardiol. 76 (1987) 152-154 (Suppl. 3)
32. Flanagan M.F., Aoyagi T., Currier J.J., Colan S.D., and Fujii A.M. Effect of young age on coronary adaptations to left ventricular pressure overload hypertrophy in sheep. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 24 (1994) 1786-1796
33. Flanagan M.F., Fujii A.M., Colan S.D., Flanagan R.G., and Lock J.E. Myocardial angiogenesis and coronary perfusion in left ventricular pressure overload hypertrophy in the young lamb: inhibition with chronic protamine administration. Circ. Res. 68 (1991) 1458-1470
34. Gerdes M., Callas G., and Kasten H. Differences in regional capillary distribution and myocyte sizes in normal and hypertrophic rat hearts. Am. J. Anat. 156 4 (1979) 523-532
35. Gerdes A.M. The use of isolated myocytes to evaluate myocardial remodelling. Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 2 (1992) 152-155
36. Gerdes A.M., Kriseman J., and Bishop S.P. Changes in myocardial cell size and number during the development and reversal of hyperthyroidism in neonatal rats. Lab. Invest. 48 5 (1983) 598-602
37. Giordano F.J., Ping P., McKirnan D., Nozaki S., DeMaria A., Dillman W.H., Mathieu-Costello O., and Hammond K. Intracoronary gene transfer of fibroblast growth factor-5 increases blood flow and contractile function in an ischemic region of the heart. Nature Medicine 2 (1996) 534-539
38. Gray S. Fetal manifestations of cardiovascular hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 588 (1990) 380-382
39. Harada K., Friedman M., Lopez J.J., Wang S.Y., Li J., Prasad P.V., Pearlman J.D., Edelman E.R., Sellke F.W., and Simons M. Vascular endothelial growth factor administration in chronic myocardial ischemia. Am. J. Physiol. 270 (1996) H1791-H1802
40. Heron M.I., Kolar F., Papousek F., and Rakusan K. Early and late effect of neonatal hypo- and hyperthyroidism on coronary capillary geometry and long-term heart function in rat. Cardiovasc. Res. 33 (1997) 230-240
41. Heron M.I., and Rakusan K. Geometry of coronary capillaries in hyperthyroid and hypothyroid rat heart. Am. J. Physiol. 267 (1994) H1024-H1031
42. Heron M.I., and Rakusan K. Short- and long-term effects of neonatal hypo- and hyperthyroidism on coronary arterioles in rat. Am. J. Physiol. 271 (1996) H1746-H1754
43. Hoppeler H., and Kayar S.R. Capillarity and oxidative capacity of muscles. NIPS 3 (1988) 113-116
44. Hort W. Quantitative Untersuchungen über die Capillarisierung des Herzmuskels im Erwachsenen-und Greisenalter bei Hypertrophie und Hyperplasie. Virchows Archiv B 327 (1955) 560-576
45. Hort W., and Severidt H.J. Capillarisierung und mikroskopische Veränderungen im Myokard bei angeborenen Herzfehlern. Virchows Arch. A 341 (1966) 192-203
46. Hudlická O., and Brown M.D. Postnatal growth of the heart and its blood vessels. J. Vasc. Res. 33 (1996) 266-287
47. Hudlická O., Brown M., and Egginton S. Angiogenesis in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Physiol. Review 72 (1992) 369-417
48. Hyde D.M., and Buss D.D. Morphometry of the coronary microvasculature of the canine left ventricle. Am. J. Anat. 177 (1986) 415-425
49. Kayar S.R., and Banchero N. Volume overload hypertrophy elicited by cold and its effects on myocardial capillarity. Resp. Physiol. 59 (1985) 1-14
50. Kayar S.R., and Banchero N. Volume density and distribution of mitochondria in myocardial growth and hypertrophy. Resp. Physiol. 70 (1987) 275-286
51. Kersten J.R., Pagel P.S., and Warltier D.C. Protamine inhibits coronary collateral development in a canine model of repetitive coronary occlusion. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 268 (1995) H720-H728
52. Kluge A., Zimmerman R., Munkel B., Mohri M., Sack S., Schaper J., and Schaper W. Insulin-like growth factor 1 is involved in inflammation linked angiogenic processes after microembolisation in porcine heart. Cardiovasc. Res. 29 (1995) 407-415
53. Korecky B., and Rakusan K. Normal and hypertrophic growth of the rat heart: changes in cell dimensions and number. Am. J. Physiol. 234 (1978) H123-H128
54. Lazarous D.F., Shou M., Scheinowitz M., Hodge E., Thirumurti V., Kitsiou A.N., Stiber J.A., Lobo A.D., Hunsberger S., Guetta E., Epstein S.E., and Unger E.F. Comparative effects of basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor on coronary collateral development and the arterial response to injury. Circulation 94 (1996) 1074-1082
55. Lund D.D., and Tomanek R.J. Myocardial morphology in spontaneously hypertensive and aortic-constricted rats. Am. J. Anat. 152 (1978) 141-152
56. Mall G., Greber D., Gharehbaghi H., Wiest G., Amann K., and Mattfeldt T. Effects of nifedipine and moxonidine on cardiac structure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)---stereological studies of myocytes, capillaries, arteries and cardiac interstitium. In: Gulch R.W., and Kissling G. (Eds). Current Topics in Heart Failure (1991), Steinkopff Verlag, Darmstadt 33-44
57. Mall G., and Mattfeldt T. Capillary growth patterns in cardiac hypertrophy and normal growth---a stereological study on papillary muscles. In: Jacob R., et al. (Ed). Cardiac Dilatation (1990), Gustav Fisher Verlag, Stuttgart 51-67
58. Mall G., Mattfeldt T., Reiger P., Volk B., and Frolov V.A. Morphometric analysis of the rabbit myocardium after chronic ethanol feeding-early capillary changes. Basic Res. Cardiol. 77 (1982) 57-67
59. Mall G., Schikora I., Mattfeldt T., and Bodle R. Dipyridamole-induced neoformation of capillaries in the rat heart. Lab. Invest. 57 1 (1987) 86-93
60. Mall G., Zimmer G., Baden S., and Mattfeldt T. Capillary neoformation in the rat heart---stereological studies on papillary muscles in hypertrophy and physiological growth. Basic Res. Cardiol. 85 (1990) 531-540
61. Mattfeldt T., and Mall G. Growth of capillaries and myocardial cells in the normal rat heart. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 19 (1987) 1237-1246
62. May-Newman K., Mathieu-Costello O., Omens J.H., Klumb K., and McCulloch A.D. Transmural distribution of capillary morphology as a function of coronary perfusion pressure in the resting canine heart. Microvasc. Res. 50 (1995) 381-396
63. Mosseri M., Schaper J., Admon D., Hasin Y., Gotsman M., Sapoznikov D., Pickering J.G., and Yarom R. Coronary capillaries in patients with congestive cardiomyopathy or angina pectoris with patent main coronary arteries. Circulation 84 (1991) 203-210
64. Motz W., and Strauer B.E. Therapy of hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy and impaired coronary microcirculation. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 24 (1994) S34-S38 (Suppl I)
65. Olivetti G., Anversa P., and Loud A.V. Morphometric study of early postnatal development in the left and right ventricular myocardium of the rat. Circ. Res. 46 (1980) 503-512
66. Olivetti G., Lagrasta C., Ricci R., Sonnenblick E.H., Capasso J., and Anversa P. Long-term pressure-induced cardiac hypertrophy: Capillary and mast cell proliferation. Am. J. Physiol. 257 (1989) H1766-H1772
67. Pietschmann M., Bartels H., and Fons R. Capillary supply of heart and skeletal muscle of small bats and non-flying mammals. Resp. Physiol. 50 (1982) 267-282
68. Poole D.C., and Mathieu-Costello O. Analysis of capillary geometry in rat subepicardium and subendocardium. Am. J. Physiol. 259 (1990) H204-H210
69. Rakusan K. Cardiac growth, maturation and aging. In: Zak R. (Ed). Growth of the Heart in Health and Disease (1984), Raven Press, New York 131-164
70. Rakusan K. Microcirculation in the stressed heart. In: Legato M.J. (Ed). The Stressed Heart (1987), Martinus Nijhoff, Boston 107-123
71. Rakusan K. Development of cardiac vasculature. In: Meisami E., and Timiras P.S. (Eds). Handbook of Human Growth and Developmental Biology. Volume III. Developmental Biology of Organs and Systems. Part B: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Development (1990), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla 101-106
72. Rakusan K., and Cicutti N. The effect of acute and chronic hypoxia on coronary microcirculation. Hypoxia Medical J. 3 (1996) 3-7
73. Rakusan K., Cicutti N., and Flanagan M.F. Changes in the microvascular network during cardiac growth, development, and aging. Cell. Mol. Biol. Res. 40 (1994) 117-122
74. Rakusan K., Cicutti N., Kazda S., and Turek Z. Effect of nifedipine on coronary capillary geometry in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Hypertension 24 (1994) 205-211
75. Rakusan K., Flanagan M.F., Geva T., Southern J., and Van Praagh R. Morphometry of human coronary capillaries during normal growth and the effect of age in left ventricular pressure-overload hypertrophy. Circulation 86 (1992) 38-46
76. Rakusan K., Heron M.I., Kolar F., and Korecky B. Transplantation-induced atrophy of normal and hypertrophic rat hearts: Effect on cardiac myocytes and capillaries. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 29 (1997) 1045-1054
77. Rakusan K., Heron M.I., and Sladek T. The effect of losartan on endothelial cell proliferation in infarcted rat hearts (PCNA study). Int. J. Microcirc. 16 (1996) 94 (Suppl. I)
78. Rakusan K., Hrdina P.W., Turek Z., Lakatta E.G., Spurgeon H.A., and Wolford G.D. Cell size and capillary supply of the hypertensive rat heart: quantitative study. Basic Res. Cardiol. 79 (1984) 389-395
79. Rakusan K., Jelinek J., Korecky B., Soukupova M., and Poupa O. Postnatal development of muscle fibres and capillaries in the rat heart. Physiol. Bohemoslov. 14 (1965) 32-37
80. Rakusan K., and Nagai J. Morphometry of arterioles and capillaries in hearts of senescent mice. Cardiovasc. Res. 28 (1994) 969-972
81. Rakusan K., and Poupa O. Capillaries and muscles fibres in the heart of old rats. Gerontologia 9 (1964) 107-112
82. Rakusan K., Rochemont W., Braasch W., Tschopp H., and Bing R. Capacity of the terminal vascular bed during normal growth, in cardiomegaly and in cardiac atrophy. Circ. Res. 21 (1967) 209-215
83. Rakusan K., and Turek Z. Protamine inhibits capillary formation in growing rat hearts. Circ. Res. 57 (1985) 393-398
84. Rakusan K., and Turek Z. A new look into the microscope: Proliferation and regression of myocardial capillaries. Can. J. Cardiol. 2 (1986) 94-97
85. Rakusan K., and Wicker P. Morphometry of the small arteries and arterioles in the rat heart: Effects of chronic hypertension and exercise. Cardiovasc. Res. 24 (1990) 278-284
86. Rossi M.A., and Carillo S.V. Cardiac hypertrophy due to pressure and volume overload: Distinctly different biological phenomena?. Int. J. Cardiol. 31 (1991) 133-142
87. Schieffer B., Wirger A., Meybrunn M., Seitz S., Holtz J., Riede U.N., and Drexler H. Comparative effects of chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade on cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction in the rat. Circulation 89 (1994) 2273-2282
88. Schumacher B., Pecher P., von Specht B.U., and Stegmann T. Induction of neoangiogenesis in ischemic myocardium by human growth factors. Circulation 97 (1998) 645-650
89. Schwartzkopff B., Frenzel H., Dieckerhoff J., Betz P., Flasshove M., Schulte H.D., Mundhenke M., Motz W., and Strauer B.E. Morphometric investigation of human myocardium in arterial hypertension and valvular aortic stenosis. Eur. Heart J. 13 D (1992) 17-23
90. Schwartzkopff B., Motz W., Knauer S., Frenzel H., and Strauer B.E. Morphometric investigation of intramyocardial arterioles in right septal endomyocardial biopsy of patients with arterial hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 20 (1992) S12-S17 (Suppl. 1)
91. Sladek T., Sladkova J., Kolar F., Papousek F., Cicutti N., Korecky B., and Rakusan K. The effect of AT1 receptor antagonist on chronic cardiac response to coronary artery ligation in rats. Cardiovasc. Res. 31 (1996) 568-576
92. Spinale F.G., Grine R.C., Tempel G.E., Crawford F.A., and Zile M.R. Alterations in the myocardial capillary vasculature accompany tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. Basic Res. Cardiol. 87 (1992) 65-79
93. Stoker M.E., Gerdes A.M., and May J.F. Regional differences in capillary density and myocyte size in the normal human heart. Anat. Rec. 202 (1982) 187-191
94. Sulkowski S., Musiatowicz B., Sulkowska M., Sobaniec-Lotowska M., Dzieciol J., Sulik M., and Szynaka B. Changes of myocardial capillary density in progression of experimental lung emphyscma. Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 48 (1996) 19-28
95. Tasgal J., and Williams E.M.V. The effect of prolonged propranolol administration on myocardial transmural capillary density in young rabbit. J. Physiol. 315 (1981) 353-367
96. Taylor S., and Folkman J. Protamine is an inhibitor of angiogenesis. Nature 297 (1982) 308-312
97. Thomas D.P., McCormick K.M., Gosselin L.E., and Wanta D. In: Hermans G.P. (Ed). Sports, Medicine and Health (1990), Elsevier Science, New York 943-948
98. Tomanek R.J. Effects of age and exercise on the extent of the myocardial capillary bed. Anat. Rec. 167 (1970) 55-62
99. Tomanek R.J. Sympathetic nerves modify mitochondrial and capillary growth in normotensive and hypertensive rats. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 21 (1989) 755-764
100. Tomanek R.J., Barlow P.A., Connell P.M., Chen Y., and Torry R.J. Effects of hypothryoidism and hypertension on myocardial perfusion and vascularity in rabbits. Am. J. Physiol. 265 (1993) H1638-H1644
101. Tomanek R.J., Palmer P.J., Peiffer G., Schreiber K.L., Eastham C., and Marcus M.L. Morphometry of canine coronary arteries, arterioles, and capillaries during hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. Circ. Res. 73 1 (1986) 38-46
102. Tomanek R.J., Schalk K.A., Marcus M.L., and Harrison D.G. Coronary angiogenesis during long-term hypertension and left ventricular in dogs. Circ. Res. 65 (1989) 352-359
103. Tomanek R.J., Searls J.C., and Lachenbruch P.A. Quantitative changes in the capillary bed during developing peak, and stabilized cardiac hypertrophy in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Circ. Res. 51 3 (1982) 295-304
104. Törnling G. Capillary neoformation in the heart and skeletal muscle during dipyridamole-treatment and exercise. Acta Pat. Microbiol. Imun. Scand. A (1982) 1-63 (suppl. 278)
105. Torry R.J., O'Brien D., Connell P.M., and Tomanek R.J. Dipyridamole-induced capillary growth in normal and hypertrophic hearts. Am. J. Physiol. 262 (1992) H980-H986
106. Turek Z., Kubat K., Kazda S., Hoofd L., and Rakusan K. Improved myocardial capillarisation in spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with nifedipine. Cardiovasc. Res. 21 (1987) 725-729
107. Uchida Y., Yanagisawa-Miwa A., Nakamura F., Yamada K., Tomaru T., Kimura K., and Morita T. Angiogenic therapy of acute myocardial infarction by intrapericardial injection of basic fibroblast growth factor and heparin sulfate: An experimental study. Am. Heart J. 130 (1995) 1182-1188
108. Unger T., Mattfeldt T., Lamberty V., Bock P., Mall G., Linz W., Scholkens B.A., and Gohlke P. Effect of early onset angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on myocardial capillaries. Hypertension 20 (1992) 478-482
109. Wachtlová M., Ostadal B., and Mares V. Thyroxine induced cardiomegaly in rats of different age. Physiol. Bohemoslov. 34 (1985) 385-394
110. Wachtlová M., Poupa O., and Rakusan K. Quantitative difference in the terminal vascular bed of the myocardium in the brown rat and the laboratory rat. Physiol. Bohemoslov. 19 (1970) 491-495
111. Wachtlová M., Rakusan K., and Poupa O. The coronary terminal vascular bed in the heart of the hare (Lepus europeus) and the rabbit (Oryctolagus domesticus). Physiol. Bohemoslov. 14 (1965) 328-331
112. Wachtlová M., Rakusan K., Roth Z., and Poupa O. The terminal vascular bed of the myocardium in the wild rat and the laboratory rat. Physiol. Bohemoslov. 16 (1967) 548-554
113. Warley A., Powell J.M., and Skepper J.N. Capillary surface area is reduced and tissue thickness from capillaries to myocytes is increased in the left ventricle of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Diabetologia 38 (1995) 413-421
114. Weiss H.R., and Conway R.S. Morphometric study of the total and perfused arteriolar and capillary network of the rabbit left ventricle. Cardiovasc. Res. 19 6 (1985) 343-354
115. Wickline K.M., and Fischer V.W. Incorporation of [3H] thymidine into myocardial capillary cells in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Exp. Mol. Pathol. 43 (1985) 135-141
116. Wiest G., Gharehbaghi H., Amann K., Simon T., Mattfeldt T., and Mall G. Physiological growth of arteries in the rat heart parallels the growth of capillaries, but not of myocytes. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 24 (1992) 1423-1431
117. Wright A.J., and Hudlicka O. Capillary growth and changes in heart performance induced by chronic bradycardial pacing in the rabbit. Circ. Res. 49 (1981) 469-478
118. Yarom R., Sack S., Sapoznikov D., Richter M., Huth C., Friedl A., and Schaper J. Myocardial capillaries and autonomic nerves in diabetes: morphometric study of auricles from bypass surgery biopsies. Cardiovasc. Pathol. 3 (1994) 43-50
119. Yokota K., Saito N., Isogai Y., and Yokoyama Y. Scanning electron microscope observation of diabetic microangiopathy in human diabetic heart. Microcirculation (1985) 309-318
120. Ziada A., Hudlicka O., Tyler K.R., and Wright A. The effect of long-term vasodilation on capillary growth and performance in rabbit heart and skeletal muscle. Cardiovasc. Res. 18 12 (1984) 724-732