Incidence of fungi and aflatoxins in imported areca nut samples

South African Journal of Science

Volumn 92, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 154-156

  Van Der Bijl, P ^a   Stockenstrom S ^b   Vismer, H F ^b   Van Wyk, C W ^a  

^a STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

^b SOUTH AFRICAN MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000857352     PISSN: 00382353     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Seedat H.A. and van Wyk C.W. (1988). Betel chewing and dietary habits of chewers without and with submucous fibrosis and with concomitant oral cancer. S. Afr. med. J. 74, 572-575.
2. Van der Bijl P. and van Wyk C.W. (1995). Estimation of areca nut consumption among South African Indians. J. Indian dent. Assoc. 66, 52-54.
3. Pindborg J.J. (1980). In Oral Cancer and Precancer, pp. 33, 52-53, 57-59. John Wright, Bristol.
4. International Agency for Research on Cancer (1985). Betel-quid and Areca-nut chewing. Monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans. 37, 141-200.
5. Canniff J.P., Harvey W. and Harris M. (1986). Oral submucous fibrosis: Its pathogenesis and management. Br. dent. J. 160, 429-434.
6. Maher R., Lee A.J., Warnakulasuriya K.A.A.S., Lewis J.A. and Johnson N.W.L. (1994). Role of areca nut in the causation of oral submucous fibrosis: A case control study in Pakistan. J. oral Pathol. Med. 23, 65-69.
7. Van Wyk C.W., Stander I., Padayachee A. and Grobler-Rabie A.F. (1993). The areca nut chewing habit and oral squamous cell carcinoma in South African Indians. S. Afr. med. J. 83, 425-429.
8. Fernando S.A. and Perera N.J. (submitted). Oral carcinoma and its relationship to betel pan chewing in Sri Lanka - a review and case-controlled clinical study. Dent. J. Malaysia.
9. Lal A. and Chandra R. (1953). Storage rot of betel nut by Aspergillus niger arecae. J. Sci. Res. 3, 119-129.
10. Srivasthava H.S., Banu Z. and Govindarajan V.S. (1962). Fruit rot of fungi caused by a new fungus. Mycologia 54, 5-11.
11. Nambiar K.K.N., Edison S. and Nair R.R. (1972). Fungal infection of processed areca nuts. Anclrha agric. J. 11, 1-7.
12. Nambiar K.K.N. and Reddy M.K. (1979). Fungal infection of stored areca nuts. J. Plantation Crops 7, 50-53.
13. Misra A. and Misra J.K. (1981). Fungal flora of marketed betel nut. Mycologia 73, 1202-1203.
14. Misra J.K and Raisuddin S. (1984). Occurrence of fungi in marketed betel nut. Indian J. Plant Pathol. 2, 83-84.
15. Raisuddin S. and Misra J.K. (1985). Effect of some preservatives and fungicides in arresting fungal infestation over marketed betel nut (Areca catechu L.). J. Food Safety 10, 1-9.
16. Patterson D.S.P. (1977). In Mycotoxic Fungi, Mycotoxins, Mycotoxicoses - an encyclopaedic Handbook, eds T.D. Wylie and I.G. Morehouse, vol. 2, pp. 156-158. Marcel Dekker, New York.
17. Raisuddin S. and Misra J.K. (1991). Aflatoxin in betel nut and its control by use of food preservatives. Food Add. Contam. 8, 707-712.
18. Arjungi Von K.N. (1976). Areca nut. Arzneim.-Forsch. 26, 951-956.
19. Williams S. (ed.) (1984). Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), 13th edn., p. 481. AOAC, Washington, DC.
20. Thiel P.G., Stockenström S. and Gatherole P.S. (1986). Aflatoxin analysis by reverse phase HPLC using post-column derivatization for enhancement of fluorescence. J. Liquid Chromatogr. 9, 103-112.
21. Wary K.K. and Sharan R.N. (1988). Aqueous extract of betel-nut of NorthEast India induces DNA-strand breaks and enhances rate of cell proliferation in vitro. J. Cancer Res. clin. Oncol. 114, 579-582.
22. Ashley J., Styles J.A. and Boyland E. (1979). Betel nuts, arecaidine and oral cancer. Lancet 1, 112.
23. Panigrahi G.B. and Rao A.R. (1982). Chromosome breaking ability of areco-line, a major betel nut alkaloid, in mouse bone marrow cells in vivo. Mutat. Res. 103, 197-204.
24. Shirname L.P., Menon M.M., Nair J. and Bhide S.V. (1983). Correlation of mutagenic and tumorigenecity of betel quid and its ingredients. Nutr. Cancer 5, 87-91.
25. Sundqvist K., Lin Y., Nair J., Bartsch H., Arvidson K. and Grafstrom R.C. (1989). Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of areca nut-related compounds in cultured human buccal epithelial cells. Cancer Res. 49, 5294-5298.
26. Panigrahi G.B. and Rao A.R. (1986). Study of the genotoxicity of the total aqueous extract of betel nut and its tannin. Carcinogenesis 1, 37-39.
27. Bhide S.V., Shivapurkar N.M., Gothoskar S.V. and Ranadive K.J. (1979). Carcinogenicity of betel quid ingredients: Feeding mice with aqueous extract and the polyphenol fraction of betel nut. Br. J. Cancer 40, 922-926.
28. IARC (1987). IARC Monograph on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans, Suppl. 7, pp. 83-87. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon.
29. Raisuddin S., Singh K.P., Zaidi S.I.A., Saxena A.K. and Ray P.K. (1990). Effects of aflatoxin on lymphoid cells of weanling rats. J. appl. Toxicol. 10, 245-250.
30. Raisuddin S., Singh K.P., Zaidi S.I.A., Saxena A.K. and Ray P.K. (1991). Effect of subchronic aflatoxin exposure on growth and progression of Ehrlich's ascites tumor in mice. Drug Chem. Toxicol. 14, 185-206.
31. Ray P.K., Singh K.P., Raisuddin S. and Prasad A.K. (1991). Immunological responses to aflatoxins and other chemical carcinogens. J. Toxicol.- Toxin Rev. 10, 63-85.
32. Van Egmond H.P. (1989). Current situation on regulations for mycotoxins. Overview of tolerances and status of standard methods of sampling and analysis. Food Add. Contam. 6, 139-188.
33. Park D.L. (1993). Perspectives on mycotoxin decontamination procedures. Food Add. Contam. 10, 49-60.
34. Raper K.B. and Fennel D.I. (1980). In The Genus Aspergillus, pp. 104-111. Robert E. Krieger, Malabar, Florida.
35. Chopra R.N., Chopra I.C., Handa K.L. and Kapur L.D. (1958). In Chopra's indigenous drugs in India, 2nd edn., pp. 371-377. U.N. Dhur, Calcutta.
36. Ko Y.C., Chiang T.A., Chang S.J. and Hsieh S.F. (1992). Prevalence of betel quid chewing habit in Taiwan and related sociodemographic factors. J. oral Pathol. Med. 21, 261-264.