Sexual attractiveness: Sex differences in assessment and criteria

Evolution and Human Behavior

Volumn 19, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 171-191

  Townsend, John Marshall ^a   Wasserman, Timothy ^a  

^a SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Evolution; Sex Differences; Sexual attractiveness; Sexuality

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000789359     PISSN: 10905138     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1090-5138(98)00008-7     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Bailey J.M., Gaulin S., Agyei Y., Gladue B.A. Effects of gender and sexual orientation on evolutionarily relevant aspects of human mating psychology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 66:1994;1081-1093.
2. Bixler R.H. Diversity. a historical/comparative perspective Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 12:1989;15-16.
3. Buss D. Sex differences in human mate preferences. evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 12:1989;1-49. a.
4. Buss D. Conflict between the sexes. strategic interference and the evocation of anger and upset Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 56:1989;735-747. b.
5. Buss D. Individual differences in mating strategies. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 17:1994;581-582.
6. Buss D., Barnes M. Preferences in human mate selection. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 50:1986;559-570.
7. Buss D., Schmitt D. Sexual strategies theory. an evolutionary perspective on human mating Psychological Review. 100:1993;204-232.
8. Chase I.D. A comparison of men's and women's intergenerational mobility in the United States. American Sociological Review. 40:1975;483-505.
9. Clark R. The impact of AIDS on gender differences in willingness to engage in casual sex. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 20:1990;771-782.
10. Elder G.H. Appearance and education in marriage mobility. American Sociological Review. 34:1969;519-532.
11. Ellis, B.J. The evolution of sexual attraction: evaluative mechanisms in women. In The Adapted Mind, J.H. Barkow, L. Cosmides, and J. Tooby (Eds.). New York: Oxford University Press, 1992, pp. 267-288.
12. Ellis B., Symons D. Sex differences in sexual fantasy. Journal of Sex Research. 27:1990;527-555.
13. Gangestad S.W. Sexual selection and physical attractiveness. implications for mating dynamics Human Nature. 4:1993;205-235.
14. Gangestad S.W., Simpson J.A. Toward an evolutionary history of female sociosexual variation. Journal of Personality. 58:1990;69-96.
15. Graziano W., Jensen-Campbell L., Shebilske L., Lundgren S. Social influence, sex differences, and judgments of beauty. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 65:1993;522-531.
16. Greer A., Buss D. Tactics for promoting sexual encounters. The Journal of Sex Research. 31:1994;185-201.
17. Hill E., Nocks E., Gardner L. Manipulation by physical and status displays. Ethology and Sociobiology. 8:1987;143-154.
18. Jankowiak W., Hill E., Donovan J. The effects of sex and sexual orientation on attractiveness judgments. Ethology and Sociobiology. 13:1992;73-85.
19. Kenrick D.T., Keefe R.C. Time to integrate sociobiology and social psychology. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 12:1989;24-26.
20. Kenrick D.T., Keefe R.C. Age preferences in mates reflect sex differences in reproductive strategies. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 15:1992;1-29.
21. Kenrick D., Keefe R. Gender and sexual orientation. why the different age preferences? Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 17:1994;582-584.
22. Kenrick D.T., Sadalla F., Groth G., Trost M. Evolution, traits, and the stages of human courtship. qualifying the parental investment model Journal of Personality. 58:1990;97-116.
23. Kirk R. Experimental Design. 1982;Brooks/Cole, 2nd ed.) Belmont, CA.
24. Knoth R., Boyd K., Singer B. Empirical tests of sexual selection theory. The Journal of Sex Research. 24:1988;74-89.
25. Mazur A., Halpern C., Udry R. Dominant looking male teenagers copulate earlier. Ethology and Sociobiology. 15:1994;87-94.
26. Morse S., Gruzen J., Reis H. The "eye of the beholder" a neglected variable in the study of physical attractiveness Journal of Personality. 44:1976;209-225.
27. Perusse D. Cultural and reproductive success in industrial societies. testing the relationship at the ultimate and proximate levels Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 16:1993;267-322.
28. Simpson J., Gangestad S. Individual differences in sociosexuality. evidence for convergent and discriminant validity Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 60:1991;870-883. a.
29. Simpson J., Gangestad S. Personality and sexuality. empirical relations and an integrative theoretical model McKinney K., Sprecher S. Sexuality in Close Relationships. 1991;71-92 Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ. b.
30. Simpson J., Gangestad S. Sociosexuality and romantic partner choice. Journal of Personality. 60:1992;31-51.
31. Singh D. Adaptive significance of female physical attractiveness. role of waist-to-hip ratio Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 65:1993;293-307.
32. Singh D. Female judgment of male attractiveness and desirablility for relationships. role of waist-to-hip ratio and financial status Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 69:1995;1089-1101.
33. Sprecher S. Importance to males and females of physical attractiveness, earning potential, and expressiveness in initial attraction. Sex Roles. 21:1989;591-607.
34. Sprecher S., Sullivan Q., Hatfield E. Mate selection preferences. gender differences examined in a national sample Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 66:1994;1074-1080.
35. Symons D. The Evolution of Human Sexuality. 1979;Oxford University Press, New York.
36. Symons D. Darwinism and contemporary marriage. Davis K. Contemporary Marriage. 1985;133-155 Russell Sage, New York.
37. Symons D. The evolutionary approach. can Darwin's view of life shed light on human sexuality Geer J., O'Donohue W. Theories of Human Sexuality. 1987;91-125 Plenum Press, New York.
38. Symons D., Ellis B. Human male-female differences in sexual desire. Rasa A., Vogel C., Voland F. Sociobiology of Reproductive Strategies. 1989;131-146 Chapman Hall, London.
39. Thornhill N.W. Characteristics of female desirability. facultative standards of beauty Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 12:1989;35-36.
40. Thornhill R., Gangestad S.W. Human facial beauty. averageness, symmetry, and parasite resistance Human Nature. 4:1993;237-269.
41. Townsend J.M. Sex differences in sexuality among medical students. effects of increasing socioeconomic status Archives of Sexual Behavior. 16:1987;427-446.
42. Townsend J.M. Mate selection. a pilot study Ethology and Sociobiology. 10:1989;241-253.
43. Townsend J.M. Measuring the magnitude of sex differences. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 15:1992;115.
44. Townsend J.M. Sexuality and partner selection. sex differences among college students Ethology and Sociobiology. 14:1993;305-330.
45. Townsend, J.M. Sex without emotional involvement: an evolutionary interpretation of sex differences. Archives of Sexual Behavior 24:171-204. 1995.
46. Townsend, J.M. What Women Want - What Men Want: Why the Sexes Still See Love and Commitment So Differently. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
47. Townsend J.M., Levy G. Effects of potential partners' costume and physical attractiveness on sexuality and partner selection. Journal of Psychology. 124:1990;371-389. a.
48. Townsend J.M., Levy G. Effects of potential partners' physical attractiveness and socioeconomic status on sexuality and partner selection. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 19:1990;149-164. b.
49. Townsend J.M., Roberts L.W. Gender differences in mate preference among law students. divergence and convergence of criteria Journal of Psychology. 127:1993;507-528.
50. Townsend J.M., Kline J., Wasserman T. Low-investment copulation. sex differences in motivations and emotional reactions Ethology and Sociobiology. 16:1995;25-51.
51. Townsend J.M., Wasserman T. The perception of sexual attractiveness. sex differences in variability Archives of Sexual Behavior. 26:1997;243-268.
52. Udry, J.R., and Eckland, B.K. Benefits of being attractive: differential pay-offs for men and women. Psychological Reports 54:47-56; 1984.
53. Waller N. Individual differences in age preferences in mates. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 17:1994;578-581.
54. Weinrich J. The periodic table model of the gender transpositions. part II. Limerant and lusty sexual attractions and the nature of bisexuality Journal of Sex Research. 24:1988;113-129.
55. Wiederman W.W., Allgeier E.R. Gender differences in mate selection criteria. Ethology and Sociobiology. 13:1992;115-124.