Harmonic radar: A new technique for investigating bumblebee and honey bee foraging flight

Acta Horticulturae

Volumn 437, Issue , 1997, Pages 159-163

  Osborne, J L ^a   Williams, I H ^a   Carreck, N L ^a   Poppy, G M ^a   Riley, J R ^b   Smith, A D ^b   Reynolds, D R ^b   Edwards, A S ^b  

^a IACR Rothamsted ^*  (United Kingdom)

^b NRI Radar Unit   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

APIS MELLIFERA; APOIDEA; HEXAPODA;

EID: 0000778712     PISSN: 05677572     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (11)

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2. Dudley R. and Ellington C.P. (1990). Mechanics of forward flight in bumblebees II. Quasi-steady lift and power requirements. J Exp Biol 148: 53-88.
3. Kennedy J.S. (1974) Behaviour of some low-flying aphids in wind. Ann Appl Biol 76: 143-159.
4. Kwak M.M., van den Brand C., Kremer P. and Boerrigter E.J.M. (1991). Visitation, flight distances and seed set in populations of the rare species Phyteuma nigrum (Campanulaceae). Acta Hort 288(303-307): 303-307.
5. Loper G.M., Wolf W.W. and Taylor O.R., Jr. (1992). Honey bee drone flyways and congregation areas-radar observations. J Kans Entomol Soc 65(3): 223-230.
6. Mascanzoni D. and Wallin H. (1986). The harmonic radar: a new method of tracing insects in the field. Ecol Ent 11: 387-390.
7. Osborne J.L. and Williams I.H. (1996). Bumblebees as pollinators of crops and wild flowers. In: Bumblebees for pleasure and profit. (A Matheson, ed), IBRA, Cardiff: 24-32.
8. Riley J.R. (1989). Remote sensing in entomology. Annu. Rev. Ent. 34: 247-271.
9. Riley J.R., Smith A.D., Reynolds D.R., Edwards A.S., Osborne J.L, Williams I.H, Carreck N.L. and Poppy G.M. (1996). Tracking bees with harmonic radar. Nature 379: 29-30.
10. Roland J., McKinnin G., Backhouse C. and Taylor P.D. (1996). Even smaller radar tags on insects. Nature 381: 120.
11. Westrich P. (1996). Habitat requirements of central European bees and the problems of partial habitats. In: The conservation of bees. (A Matheson, SL Buchmann, C O'Toole, P Westrich, IH Williams, eds), Academic Press, London: 1-16.