Cellulose degradation by ruminal microorganisms

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 1992, Pages 189-223

  Weimer, Paul J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

Author keywords

Cellulase; Cellulose; Microorganisms; Rumen

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000778628     PISSN: 07388551     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/07388559209069192     Document Type: Article

References (259)

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21. Structure, swelling, and bonding of cellulose fibers
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30. The anaerobic mon-otrichous butyric acid-producing curved rod-shaped bacteria of the rumen
31. Normal flora — rumen bacteria
32. Nutritional requirements of the predominant ruminal cellulolytic bacteria
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34. Synergism in degradation and utilization of intact forage cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin by three pure cultures of ruminal bacteria
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41. Extent of cellulose and hemicellulose digestion in various forages by pure cultures of rumen bacteria
42. The cellulolytic activity of pure strains of bacteria from the rumen of cattle
43. Relative efficiency of pure cultures of different species of cellulolytic rumen bacteria in solubilizing cellulose in vitro
44. Extent of solubilization of cellulose and hemicellulose of low-protein teff hay by pure cultures of cellulolytic rumen bacteria
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49. Formation of hydrogen and formate by Ruminococcus albus
50. Efficiency of growth by ruminal bacteria
51. ATP
52. The rumen flagellate Callimastixfrontalis: does sequestration occur?
53. Studies on the rumen flagellate Neocallimastix frontalis
54. The invasion of plant tissue in the rumen by the flagellate Neocallimastix frontalis
55. The rumen flagellate Piromonas communis: its life history and invasion of plant material in the rumen
56. Utilization of cellulose, starch, xylan and hemicelluloses for growth by the rumen phycomycete
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58. Studies of the rumen flagellate Sphaeromonas communis
59. Neocallimastix patriciarum, sp. no v., a new member of the Neo-callimasticaceae inhabiting the rumen of sheep
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61. Morphological development of rumen fungi: Neocallimastix sp., Piromyces communis, and Orpinomyces bovis, gen. nov
62. Anaero-myces mucronatus nov. gen., nov. sp., a new strictly anaerobic rumen fungus with polycentric thallus
63. Ruminomyces elegans gen. et sp. nov., a polycentric anaerobic rumen fungus from cattle
64. Diurnal changes in the concentrations of micro-organisms in the rumen of sheep fed limited diets once daily
65. Production and regulation of cellulase by two strains of the rumen anaerobic fungus Neocallimastix frontalis
66. Polysaccharide-degrading enzymes present in the zoospore and vegetative growth stages of the rumen fungi Neocallimastix patriciarum, Piromonas communis, and an unidentified isolate, grown on a range of carbohydrate substrates
67. Evidence that cellulolysis by an anaerobic ruminal fungus is catabolite regulated by glucose, cellobiose, and soluble starch
68. Regulation of protein and cellulase excretion in the ruminal fungus Neocallimastix frontalis
69. Fermentation products and plant cell wall degrading enzymes produced by monocentric and polycentric anaerobic ruminal fungi
70. The role of ciliate protozoa and fungi in the rumen digestion of plant cell walls
71. Physical degradation of lignified stem tissues by ruminal fungi
72. Isolation, enumeration, and maintenance of rumen anaerobic fungi in roll tubes
73. The use of tritiated cellulose for the rapid enumeration of cellulolytic anaerobes
74. Allometry and the implications of cell size in the ruminal microbial population
75. A highly active extracellular cellulase from the rumen anaerobic fungus Neocallimastix frontalis
76. Penetrating structures of anaerobic fungi in cattle and swamp buffalo
77. Lignocellulose degradation by rumen fungi and bacteria: ultrastructure and cell wall degrading enzymes
78. The cellulase content of 15 species of entodinomorphid protozoa, mixed bacteria, and plant debris isolated from the ovine rumen
79. Carbohydrase activity of rumen Entinodinium sp. from sheep on a starch-free diet
80. Contribution of rumen protozoa to fibre digestion and cellulase activity in vitro
81. Contribution of protozoa to the rumen cellulolytic activity
82. Endo-1,4-β-glucanase and β-glucosidase of the ciliate Polyplastron multivesicu-latum free of cellulolytic bacteria
83. Enumeration of Bacteroides succinogenes in the rumen of sheep fed maize-straw diets
84. Antigenic nature of chloride-stimulated cellobiosidase and other cellulases of Fibrobacter succinogenes S85
85. The enrichment and isolation of a ruminal bacterium with a very high specific activity of ammonia production
86. More monensin-sen-sitive, ammonia producing bacteria from the rumen
87. Sequence of events in the digestion of fresh legume leaves by rumen bacteria
88. Microscopic evaluation of forage digestion by rumen microorganisms — a review
89. Evaluation by electron microscopy and anaerobic culture of types of rumen bacteria associated with digestion of forage cell walls
90. II, Rumen microbial attachment and degradation of plant cell walls
91. Electron microscopic study of the mefhylcellulose-mediated detachment of cellulolytic rumen bacteria from cellulose fibers
92. Technique for fractionation of bacteria in rumen microbial ecosystem. II. Attachment of bacteria isolated from bovine rumen to cellulose powder and elution of bacteria attached therefrom
93. Improved assay for quantitating adherence of ruminal cellulolytic bacteria to cellulose
94. Factors affecting adhesion of Fibrobacter succinogenes subsp. succinogenes S85 and adherence-defective mutants to cellulose
95. Effects of physicochemical factors on the adhesion to cellulose Avicel of the ruminal bacteria Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Fibrobacter succinogenes subsp succinogenes
96. Relationship between cellulolytic activity and adhesion to cellulose in R. albus
97. Cell envelope morphology of rumen bacteria
98. Ruminococcus flavefaciens cell coat and adhesion to cotton cellulose and to cell walls in leaves of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)
99. infrastructure and adhesion properties of Ruminococcus albus
100. Modeling the initial events in biofilm accumulation
101. Electron microscopy of bacteria involved in the digestion of plant cell walls
102. Ultrastructure of rumen bacterial attachment to forage cell walls
103. Adhesion of Bacteroides succinogenes in pure culture and in the presence of Ruminococcus flavefaciens to cell walls in leaves of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)
104. Rumen anaerobic fungi of cattle and sheep
105. Zoospore chemo-taxis in the rumen phycomycete Neocallimastix frontalis
106. Rumen protozoal degradation of structurally intact forage tissues
107. The influence of the fine structure of cellulose on the action of cellulases
108. Digestibility as a simple function of a molecule of similar size to a cellulase enzyme
109. Relationship between the fine structure of native cellulose and cellulose degradability by the cellulase complexes of Trichoderma reesei and Clostridium thermocellum
110. Enzymatic hydrolysis and recrystallization behavior of initially amorphous cellulose
111. Microcalorimetric study of cellulose degradation by Cellulomonas uda ATCC 21399
112. Growth and cellulolytic activity of Cellulomonas flavigena
113. Aerobic degradation of cellulose and adsorption properties of cellulases in Cellulomonas uda JC3: effects of crystallinity of substrate
114. Effect of cellulose fine structure on the kinetics of its digestion by mixed rumen microflora in vitro
115. Factors affecting cellulolysis by Ruminococcus albus
116. Effect of pre-treatments and fermentation on pore size in cellulosic materials
117. Effect of particle size on the digestion rate of purified cellulose by rumen cellulolytic bacteria in vitro
118. Effect of particle size upon the in vitro cellulose digestibility of forages by rumen bacteria
119. Investigation of the digestion of cell-wall polysaccharides of spear grass and of cotton cellulose by viscometry and X-ray diffraction
120. Jr., Differential fermentation of cellulose allomorphs by ruminal cellulolytic bacteria
121. Cellulolytic properties from microorganisms of the rumen and from Myrothecium ver-rucaria
122. The uniformity and nutritive availability of cellulose
123. The mechanism of cellulose digestion in the ruminant organism. The action of cellulose-splitting bacteria on the fiber of certain typical feeding stuffs
124. Lignification and in vitro cell wall digestibility of plant parts
125. The cellulose-lignin complex in forages and its relationship to forage nutrient value
126. Lignin composition and in vitro digestibility of feeds
127. Digestibility of delignified forage cell walls
128. Effect of delignification on in vitro digestion of alfalfa cellulose
129. Effect of partial delignification on the in vitro digestibility of cell wall polysaccharides in Digitaria decumbens (Pangola grass)
130. The effect of physical and chemical treatments on the degradation of wheat and barley straws by rumen liquor-pepsin and pepsin-cellulase systems
131. and Tock, R. W., Digestibility of ozone-treated sorghum by ruminants
132. Influence of lignin on digestibility of forage cell wall material
133. Influence of corn starch upon roughage digestion in cattle
134. Effect of corn starch on digestibility of alfalfa hay
135. Influence of hay or silage and ratio of flaked corn or beet pulp to forage on cellulose disappearance in vitro
136. Effect of pH on cellulose digestion under in vitro conditions
137. The effects of processing of barley-based supplements on rumen pH, rate of digestion, and voluntary intake of dried grass in sheep
138. Factors affecting the cellulolytic activity of rumen contents
139. Associative effects of mixed feeds. I. Effects of type of supplementation and influence of the rumen fluid pH on cellulolysis in vivo and dry matter digestion of various roughages
140. Effect of pH on the efficiency of growth by pure cultures of rumen bacteria in continuous culture
141. Effect of extracellular pH on the growth and protonmotive force of Bacteroides succinogenes, a cellulolytic ruminal bacterium
142. Continuous culture of rumen bacteria: apparatus
143. Continuous culture of anaerobic rumen bacteria: modification and extension of the cyclone column culture system
144. An anaerobic chemostat that permits the collection and measurement of fermentation gases
145. Effects of differential solid-liquid removal rates on protozoa numbers in continuous culture of rumen contents
146. Design and development of a long-term rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC)
147. Evaluation of a dual flow continuous culture system in estimating bacterial fermentation in vivo of mixed diets containing various soya bean products
148. Continuous cultivation of rumen organisms, a possible application to the anaerobic degradation of lignocellulosic waste materials
149. Kinetic measurement on bacterial cultures growing on fibres
150. Fermentation of insoluble cellulose by continuous cultures of Ruminococcus albus
151. Kinetics of insoluble cellulose fermentation by continuous cultures of Ruminococcus albus
152. Isolation of a cellodextrinase from Bacteroides succinogenes
153. A small-scale, three-vessel continuous culture system for quantitative studies of plant fibre degradation by anaerobic bacteria
154. A segmented gas/liquid delivery system for the continuous culture of microorganisms on insoluble substrates, and its use for growth of Ruminococcus flavefaciens on cellulose
155. Effects of solid and liquid flow on fermentation in continuous cultures. IV. pH and dilution rate
156. Energetics and stoichiometry
157. Cellulose fermentation by continuous cultures of Ruminococcus albus and Methanobrevibacter smithii
158. Fermentation of cellulose by Ruminococcus flavefaciens in the presence and absence of Methanobacterium ruminantium
159. Models of cellulose disappearance from the rumen
160. Plant fiber and its role in herbivore nutrition
161. Digestion of polysaccharide constituents of tropical pasture herbage in the bovine rumen. III. Examination of the celluloses and hemicelluloses of spear grass (Heter-opogon contortus) which resist digestion
162. 3-Phenylpropanoic acid improves the affinity of Ruminococcus albus for cellulose in continuous culture
163. Phenylpropanoic acid: growth factor for Ruminococcus albus
164. Effect of 3-phenylpropanoic acid on growth and cellulose utilization by cellulolytic ruminal bacteria
165. Inhibitory effects of methy(cellulose on cellulose degradation by Ruminococcus flavefaciens
166. Influence of forage phenolics on ruminal fibrolytic bacteria and in vitro fiber degradation
167. Population changes of fibrolytic bacteria in the presence of phenolic acids and plant extracts
168. Interactions among phenolic monomers and in vitro fermentation
169. Depression of cellulose digestion by esterified cinnamic acids
170. Effect of phenolic monomers on the growth and β-glucosidase activity of Bacteroides rumincola and on the carboxymethylcellulase, β-glucosidase, and xylanase activities of Bacteroides succinogenes
171. Xylose uptake by the ruminal bacterium Selenomonas ruminantium
172. Inhibitory effects of phenolic acid esters on degradability of forage fibers
173. Tannins as anti-quality factors in forage
174. Bacterial and protozoal interactions with ruminal fungi
175. Degradation et fermentation de la cellulose par Neocallimastix species seul ou associe a quelques especes bacteriennes du rumen
176. Fermentation of cellodextrins by cel-lulolytic and noncellulolytic rumen bacteria
177. Rumen fermentation; biochemical interactions between populations of the microbial community
178. Propionate formation from cellulose and soluble sugars by combined cultures of Bacteroides succinogenes and Selenomonas ruminantium
179. Treponema bryantii sp. nov., a rumen spirochete which interacts with cellulolytic bacteria
180. Interaction between Treponema bryantii and cellulolytic bacteria in the in vitro degradation of straw cellulose
181. Fungal cellulases
182. The biological degradation of soluble cellulose derivatives and its relationship to the mechanism of cellulose hydrolysis
183. The cellulose-binding domains of cellulases: tools for biotechnology
184. Effect of chemical modification of cellulose on the activity of a cellulase from Aspergillus niger
185. Cellulase and xylanase release in Bacteroides succinogenes and its importance in the rumen environment
186. Cellulolytic activity of the rumen bacterium Bacteroides succinogenes
187. Regulation and distribution of Fibrobacter succinogenes subsp. succinogenes S85 endoglucanases
188. Structure of β-glucanase genes from rumen bacteria
189. Extracellular carbohydrase complex from rumen contents
190. The cellulosome — a discrete cell surface organelle which exhibits separate antigenic., cellulose-binding, and various cellulolytic activities
191. Cloning often distinct fragments of Clostridium thermocellum DNA encoding for cellulases
192. Molecular cloning of Clostridium thermocellum DNA and the expression of further novel endo-β-1,4-glucanase genes in Escherichia coli
193. Specialized cell surface structures in cellulolytic bacteria
194. Bacterial cell surface structures involved in lucerne cell wall degradation by pure cultures of cellulolytic rumen bacteria
195. Vesicle formation and cellulose degradation by Bacteroides succinogenes: ultrastructural aspects
196. Purification and characterization of an exo-β-1,4-glucanase from Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1
197. Integration of rumen microorganisms and their hydrolytic enzymes during the digestion of lignocellulosic materials
198. Purification and characterization of a chloride-stimulated cellobiosidase from Bacteroides succinogenes S85
199. Production of enzymes degrading plant ceil walls and fermentation of cellobiose by Ruminoeoccus flavefaciens in batch and continuous culture
200. Purification and comparison of the periplasmic and extracellular forms of the cellodextrinase from Bacteroides succinogenes
201. Effect of soluble carbohydrates on digestion of cellulose by pure cultures of rumen bacteria
202. Cellulases and xylanases of an anaerobic rumen fungus grown on wheat straw holocellulose, cellulose, and xylan
203. Glycoside hydrolases formed by three species of rumen fungi grown on a range of carbohydrate substrates
204. Aerobic and anaerobic fungal cellulases, with special reference to their mode of attack on crystalline cellulose
205. Supernatant protein and cellulase activities of anaerobic ruminal fungus Neocallimastix frontalis EB188
206. Cellulases from Neocallimastix frontalis EB188 synthesized in the presence of protein glycosylation inhibitors: measurement of protein molecular weights and isoelectric focusing values
207. Cellulases from Neocallimastix frontalis EB188 synthesized in the presence of glycosylation inhibitors: measurement of pH and temperature optima, protease and ion sensitivities
208. Purification and characterization of an extracellular β-glucosidase from the rumen fungus Neocallimastix frontalis EB188
209. Nascent synthesis and secretion of cellobiase in Neocallimastix frontalis EB188
210. Subcellular distribution of polysaccharide depolymerase and glycoside hydrolase enzymes in rumen ciliate protozoa
211. Potential opportunities and problems for genetically altered rumen microorganisms
212. Problems and progress with the genetics of ruminal bacteria
213. Precise excision of the cellulose binding domains from two Cellulomonas fimi cellulases by a homologous protease and the effect on catalysis
214. Catalytic and substrate binding domains of endoglucanase 2 from Bacteroides succinogenes
215. Effect of supercritical ammonia on the physical and chemical structure of ground wood
216. Modifying wood to increase its in vitro digestibility
217. Review article: the alkali treatment of straws
218. Evaluation of ammonia treatment for improving the utilization of fibrous materials in low-quality roughages
219. A comparison between degradation in vitro and in sacco of constituents of untreated and ammonia treated barley straw
220. Digestibility studies on ammonia treated straw
221. The digestion of untreated and ammonia-treated barley straw in an artificial rumen
222. Supercritical ammonia pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials
223. Anaerobic fermentation of woody biomass pretreated with supercritical ammonia
224. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide delignification of agricultural residues to enhance enzymatic saccharification
225. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment unlocks energy in agricultural byproducts
226. Studies on the mechanism of alkaline hydrogen peroxide delignification of agricultural residues
227. Effects of alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment of cotton and wheat straw on cellulose crystallinity and on composition and site and extent of disappearance of wheat straw cell wall phenolics and monosaccharides by sheep
228. Effects of treating oat hulls with alkaline hydrogen peroxide on intake and digestion by mid-lactation dairy cows
229. Ammonia explosion pulping: a new fiber separation process
230. Explosive pretreat-ment of lignocellulosic residues with high-pressure carbon dioxide for the production of fermentation substrates
231. Enzymatic hydrolysis and bacterian hydrolysis — fermentation of eucalyptus wood pre-treated with sodium hypochlorite
232. Estimation of forage nutritive value from cellulose digestibilities obtained with pure cultures of cellulolytic rumen bacteria
233. Genetic engineering of low-lignin pasture plants
234. Normal and brown midrib mutations in relation to improved lignocellulose utilization
235. Strategies in modification of plant attributes and rumen environment to increase utilization of lignocellulose
236. Application of gene manipulation to the rumen microflora
237. Potential for manipulation of the rumen fermentation through the use of recombinant DNA techniques
238. Prospects for establishment of genetically engineered microorganisms in the rumen
239. Cellulose-dependent and penicillin-resistant plasmids isolated from Ruminococcus albus
240. Plasmid-associated transfer of tetracycline resistance in Bacteroides ruminocola
241. Characterization of a cryptic plasmid (pOMl) in Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens by restriction endonuclease analysis and its cloning in Escherichia coli
242. Isolation and characterization of plasmid DNA from Ruminococcus
243. Antibiotic resistance patterns and plasmids of ruminal strains of Bacteroides ruminicola and Bacteroides multiacidus
244. Characterization of a plasmid from the ruminal bacterium Selenomonas ruminantium
245. Conjugal transfer of a shuttle vector from the human colonic anaerobe Bacteroides uniformis to the ruminal anaerobe Prevotella (Bacteroides) ruminicola
246. Electroporation induced transformation of Bacteroides ruminicola and Bacteroides uniformis by plasmid DNA
247. Transformation of various Gram-negative bacteria belonging to 11 different genera by electroporation
248. Importance of genetic diversity in manipulation of rumen bacteria
249. Growth of Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 in cellulose-limited continuous culture