Black-coloured bones in Hayonim Cave, Israel: Differentiating between burning and oxide staining

Journal of Archaeological Science

Volumn 24, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 439-446

  Shahack Gross, Ruth ^a   Bar Yosef, Ofer ^b   Weiner, Steve ^a  

^a WEIZMANN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE   (Israel)

^b HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Burned bones; Infra red spectroscopy; Manganese oxides; Pyrolysed collagen

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000772941     PISSN: 03054403     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jasc.1996.0128     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Barbetti, M., Taborin, Y., Schmider, S. & Flude, K. (1980). Archaeomagnetic results from late Pleistocene hearths at Etiolles and Marsangy, France. Archaeometry 22, 25-46.
2. Bauman, A. J. (1976). Desert varnish and marine ferromanganese oxide nodules: congeneric phenomena. Nature 259, 387-388.
3. Bellomo, R. V. (1993). A methodological approach for identifying archaeological evidence of fire resulting from human activities. Journal of Archaeological Science 20, 525-553.
4. Binford, L. R. & Stone, N. M. (1986). Zhoukoudian: a closer look. Current Anthropology 27, 453-475.
5. Black, D., Du Chardin, T., Young, C. C. & Pei, W. C. (1933). Fossil man in China. The Choukoutien cave deposits with synopsis of our present knowledge of the late Cenozoic in China. In (D. Black, Ed.) Memoirs of the Geological Survey of China. China: The Geological Survey of China and the Section of Geology of the National Academy of Peiping, pp. 110-115.
6. Brain, C. K. (1993). The occurrence of burnt bones at Swartkrans and their implications for the control of fire by early hominids. In (C. K. Brain, Ed.) Swartkrans. A Cave's Chronicle of Early Man. Transvaal: Transvaal Museum Monograph No. 8, pp. 229-242.
7. Brain, C. K. & Sillen, A. (1988). Evidence from the Swartkrans cave for the earliest use of fire. Nature 336, 464-466.
8. DeNiro, M. J. & Weiner, S. (1988). Chemical, enzymatic and spectroscopic characterization of "collgen" and other organic fractions from prehistoric bones. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 52, 2197-2206.
9. Dorn, R. I. & Oberlander, T. M. (1981). Microbial origin of desert varnish. Science 213, 1245-1247.
10. Dorn, R. I. & Oberlander, T. M. (1982). Rock varnish. Progress in Physical Geography 6, 317-367.
11. Hoering, T. C. (1971). Humic acids in a recent marine sediment. Carnegie Institution of Washington Year Book 69, 334-337.
12. James, S. R. (1989). Hominid use of fire in the lower and middle Pleistocene: A review of the evidence. Current Anthropology 30, 1-26.
13. Oakley, K. (1955). Fire as a Palaeolithic tool and weapon. The Prehistoric Society 4, 36-48.
14. Potter, R. M. & Rossman, G. R. (1977). Desert varnish: the importance of clay minerals. Science 196, 1446-1448.
15. Potter, R. M. & Rossman, G. R. (1979). The manganese- and iron-oxide mineralogy of desert varnish. Chemical Geology 25, 79-94.
16. Schiegl, S., Lev-Yadun, S., Bar-Yosef, O., El Goresy, A. & Weiner, S. (1994). Siliceous aggregates from prehistoric wood ash: a major component of sediments in Kebara and Hayonim caves (Israel). Israel Journal of Earth Sciences 43, 267-278.
17. Schiegl, S., Goldberg, P., Bar-Yosef, O. & Weiner, S. (1996). Ash deposits in Hayonim and Kebara Caves, Israel: Macroscopic, microscopic and mineralogical observations, and their archaeological implications. Journal of Archaeological Science 23, 763-781.
18. Shipman, P., Foster, G. & Schoeninger, M. (1984). Burnt bones and teeth: An experimental study of color, morphology, crystal structure and shrinkage. Journal of Archaeological Science 11, 307-325.
19. Sillen, A. & Hoering, T. (1993). Chemical characterization of burnt bones from Swartkrans. In (C. K. Brain, Ed.) Swartkrans. A Cave's Chronicle of Early Man. Transvaal: Transvaal Museum Monograph No. 8, pp. 242-249.
20. Stiner, M. C., Kuhn, S. L., Weiner, S. & Bar-Yosef, O. (1995). Differential burning, recrystallization, and fragmentation of archaeological bone. Journal of Archaeological Science 22, 223-237.
21. van Klinken, G. J. & Hedges, R. E. M. (1995). Experiments on collagen-humic interactions: Speed of humic uptake, and effects of diverse chemical treatments. Journal of Archaeological Science 22, 263-270.