The inflorescence: Introduction

Botanical Review

Volumn 65, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 303-316

  Tucker, Shirley C ^a   Grimes, James ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS VICTORIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000699284     PISSN: 00068101     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF02857752     Document Type: Article

References (113)

1. Barfod, A. 1988. Inflorescence morphology of some South American Anacardiaceae and the possible phylogenetic trends. Nord. J. Bot. 8: 3-11.
2. Barnard, C. 1955. Histogenesis of the inflorescence and flower of Triticum aestivum. Austral. J. Bot. 3: 1-20.
3. _. 1957a. Floral histogenesis in the Monocotyledons. I. The Gramineae. Austral. J. Bot. 5: 1-20.
4. _. 1957b. Floral histogenesis in the Monocotyledons. II. The Cyperaceae. Austral J. Bot. 5: 115-128.
5. _. 1958. Floral histogenesis in the Monocotyledons. III. The Juncaceae. Austral. J. Bot. 6: 285-298.
6. _. 1960. Floral histogenesis in the Monocotyledons. IV. The Liliaceae. Austral. J. Bot. 8: 213-225.
7. Bentham, G. 1892. Handbook of the British Flora. Ed. 6, rev. by J. D. Hooker. L. Reeve, London.
8. Bernier, G. 1962. Evolution of the apical meristem in Sinapis alba (long-day plant) in long days, in short days, and during the transfer from short days to long days. Caryologia 15: 303-325.
9. Boke, N. H. 1947. Development of the adult shoot apex and floral initiation in Vinca rosea. Amer. J. Bot. 34: 433-439.
10. Briggs, B. G. & L. A. S. Johnson. 1979. Evolution in the Myrtaceae - Evidence from inflorescence structure. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 102: 157-256.
11. Burger, W. C. 1977. The Piperales and the Monocots: Alternative hypotheses for the origin of monocotyledonous flowers. Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 43: 345-393.
12. Derstine, K. S. & S. C. Tucker. 1991. Organ initiation and development of inflorescences and flowers of Acacia baileyana. Amer. J. Bot. 78: 816-832.
13. Douglas, A. W. & S. C. Tucker. 1996a. Inflorescence ontogeny and floral organogenesis in Grevilleoideae (Proteaceae), with emphasis on the nature of the flower pairs. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 157: 341-372.
14. _ & _. 1996b. Comparative floral ontogenies among Persoonioideae including Bellendena (Proteaceae). Amer. J. Bot 83: 1528-1555.
15. Eames, A. J. 1961. Morphology of the angiosperms. McGraw-Hill, New York.
16. Eichler, A. W. 1878. Blüthendiagramme. Pts. 1, 2. W. Engelmann, Leipzig. Reprinted 1954, O. Koeltz, Eppenhain.
17. Endress, P. K. 1987. The Chloranthaceae: Reproductive structures and phylogenetic position. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 109: 153-226.
18. _. 1993. Cercidiphyllaceae. Pp. 250-252 in K. Kubitski, J. G. Rohwer & V. Bittrich (eds.), The families and genera of vascular plants. Vol. II. Flowering plants: Dicotyledons. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
19. _. 1994. Diversity and evolutionary biology of tropical flowers. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
20. _. 1995. Major evolutionary traits of monocot flowers. Pp. 43-79 in P. J. Rudall, P. J. Cribb, D. F. Cutler & C. J. Humphries (eds.), Monocotyledons: Systematics and evolution. Vol. 1. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
21. _. 1996. Structure and function of female and bisexual organ complexes in Gnetales. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 157: (Suppl.): S113-S125.
22. Esau, K. 1965. Plant anatomy. John Wiley, New York.
23. Evans, M. M. S. & M. K. Barton. 1997. Genetics of angiosperm shoot apical meristem development. Annual Rev. Pl. Phys., Molec. Biol. 48: 673-701.
24. Fisher, J. B. & H. E. Moore Jr. 1977. Multiple inflorescences in palms (Arecaceae): Their development and significance. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 98: 573-611.
25. Foster, A. S. 1941. Comparative studies on the structure of the shoot apex in seed plants. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 68: 339-350.
26. Frijters, D. 1978. Principles of simulation of inflorescence development. Ann. Bot. 42: 549-560.
27. Gifford, E. M., Jr. 1954. The shoot apex in angiosperms. Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 20: 477-529.
28. _ & G. E. Corson Jr. 1971. The shoot apex in seed plants. Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 37: 143-229.
29. _ & K. D. Stewart. 1965. Ultrastructure of vegetative and reproductive apices of Chenopodium album. Science 149: 75-77.
30. _ & H. B. Tepper. 1961. Ontogeny of the inflorescence in Chenopodium album. Amer. J. Bot. 48: 657-667.
31. _ & _. 1962a. Histochemical and autoradiographic studies of floral induction in Chenopodium album. Amer. J. Bot. 49: 706-714.
32. _ & _. 1962b. Ontogenetic and histochemical changes in the vegetative shoot tip of Chenopodium album. Amer. J. Bot. 49: 902-911.
33. Gottsberger, G. 1974. The structure and function of the primitive angiosperm flower - A discussion. Acta Bot. Neerl. 23: 461-471.
34. Grégoire, V. 1938. La morphogénese et l'autonomie de l'appareil floral. I. Le carpelle. Cellule 47: 287-452.
35. Grimes, J. W. 1992. Metamerism, heterochrony, and inflorescence morphology of the Pithecellobium-complex (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae: Ingeae). Brittonia 44: 140-159.
36. _. 1995. Generic relationships of Mimosoideae tribe Ingeae, with emphasis on the New World Pithecellobium-complex. Pp. 101-121 in M. D. Crisp & J. J. Doyle (eds.), Advances in legume systematics 7: Phylogeny. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
37. Hagemann, W. 1963. Weitere Untersuchungen zur Organisation des Sproszscheitelmeristems: Der Vegetionspunkt traubiger Floreszenzen. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 82: 273-315.
38. Hallé, F. & R. A. A. Oldeman. 1970. Essai sur l'architecture et la dynamique de croissance des arbres tropicaux. Masson, Paris.
39. Harris, E. M. 1994. Developmental evidence for the derivation of syncephalia in Lagascea (Heliantheae; Asteraceae). Amer. J. Bot. 81: 1139-1148.
40. _. 1995. Inflorescence and floral ontogeny in Asteraceae: A synthesis of historical and current concepts. Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 61 (2, 3): 93-278.
41. _, S. C. Tucker & L. E. Urbatsch. 1991. Floral initiation and early development in Erigeron philadelphicus (Asteraceae). Amer. J. Bot. 78: 108-121.
42. Heywood, V. H. (ed.). 1985. Flowering plants of the world. Mayflower Books, New York.
43. Horridge, J. S., J. E. Pegler & P. T. Atkey. 1985. A study of leaf and inflorescence initiation and development in Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. cv. Snowdon by scanning electron microscopy. Rep. Glasshouse Crops Research Institute 1985: 170-183.
44. Huijser, P., J. Klein, W.-E. Lonnig, H. Meijer, H. Saedler & H. Sommer. 1992. Bracteomania, an inflorescence anomaly, is caused by the loss of function of the MADS-box gene squamosa in Antirrhinum majus. EMBO Jour. 11: 1239-1249.
45. Kaul, R. B. 1970. Evolution and adaptation of inflorescences in the Hydrocharitaceae. Amer. J. Bot. 57: 708-715.
46. Kirchoff, B. K. 1986. Inflorescence structure and development in the Zingiberales: Thalia geniculata (Marantaceae). Canad. J. Bot. 64: 859-864.
47. _. 1988. Inflorescence and flower development in Costus scaber (Costaceae) . Canad. J. Bot. 66: 339-345.
48. _. 1990. The phyllotaxy of Costus (Costaceae). Bot. Gaz. 15: 88-105.
49. _. 1997. Inflorescence and flower development in the Hedychieae (Zingiberaceae): Hedychium. Canad. J. Bot. 75: 581-594.
50. _. 1998. Inflorescence and flower development in the Hedychieae (Zingiberaceae): Scaphochlamys kunstleri. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 159: 261-274.
51. _ & H. Kunze. 1995. Inflorescence and floral development in Orchidantha maxillarioides (Lowiaceae). Int. J. Pl. Sci. 156: 159-171.
52. Kuijt, J. 1978. Inflorescence morphology of Loranthaceae - An evolutionary synthesis. Blumea 27: 1-73.
53. Macdonald, A. D. 1971. Floral development in the "Amentiferae." Ph.D. diss., McGill University.
54. _. 1978. Organogenesis of the male inflorescence and flowers of Myrica esculenta. Canad. J. Bot. 56: 2415-2423.
55. _. 1979a. Development of the female flower and gynecandrous partial inflorescence of Myrica californica. Canad. J. Bot. 57: 141-151.
56. _. 1979b. Inception of the cupule of Quercus macrocarpa and Fagus grandifolia. Canad. J. Bot. 57: 1777-1782.
57. _. 1980. Organogenesis of the female reproductive structure of Myrica pensylvanica. Canad. J. Bot. 58: 2001-2006.
58. Molder, M. & J. N. Owens. 1973. Ontogeny and histochemistry of the intermediate and reproductive apices of Cosmos bipinnatus var. Sensation in response to gibberellin A3 and photoperiod. Canad. J. Bot. 51: 535-555.
59. Moore, H. E., Jr. & N. W. Uhl. 1982. Major trends of evolution in palms. Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 48: 1-69.
60. Nougarède, A., G. Bernier & P. Rondet. 1964. Comportement du méristeme apical du Perilla nankinensis, en relation avec les conditions photopériodiques. Rev. Gén. Bot.71: 205-238.
61. Pankhurst, R. J. 1994. The representation of shape and form by computer. Pages 153-168 in D. S. Ingram & A. Hudson (eds.), Shape and form in plants and fungi: Papers presented at a Linnean Society regional meeting held at the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. Linnean Society of London and Academic Press, San Diego.
62. Parkin, J. 1914. The evolution of the inflorescence. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 42: 511-562.
63. Philipson, W. R. 1946. Studies in the development of the inflorescence. I. The capitulum of Bellis perennis. Ann. Bot. (London) 10: 257-270.
64. _. 1947a. Some observations on the apical meristem of leafy and flowering shoots. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 53: 187-193.
65. _. 1947b. Studies in the development of the inflorescence. II. The capitula of Succisa pratensis and Dipsacus fullonum. Ann. Bot. (London) 11: 285-297.
66. _. 1947c. Studies in the development of the inflorescence. III. The thyrse of Valeriana officinalis. Ann. Bot. (London) 11: 409-416.
67. _. 1948. Studies in the development of the inflorescence. IV. The capitula of Hieraceum boreale and Dahlia gracilis. Ann. Bot. (London) 12: 65-75.
68. _. 1949. The ontogeny of the shoot apex in dicotyledons. Biol. Rev. (Cambridge) 24: 21-50.
69. Popham, R. A. 1964. Developmental studies of flowering. Pp. 138-156 in Meristems and differentiation. Brookhaven Symposia in Biology 16. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY.
70. _ & A. P. Chan. 1952. Origin and development of the receptacle of Chrysanthemum morifolium. Amer. J. Bot. 39: 329-339.
71. Posluszny, U. 1981. Unicarpellate floral development in Potamogeton zosteriformis. Canad. J. Bot. 59: 495-504.
72. _. 1983. Re-evaluation of certain key relationships in the Alismatidae: Floral organogenesis of Scheuchzeria palustris (Scheuchzeriaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 70: 925-933.
73. _. 1993. Evolution of the helobial flower. Aquatic Bot. 44: 303-324.
74. _ & R. Sattler. 1973. Floral development of Potamogeton densus. Canad. J. Bot. 51: 647-656.
75. _ & _. 1974a. Floral development of Potamogeton richardsonii. Amer. J. Bot. 61: 209-216.
76. _ & _. 1974b. Floral development of Ruppia maritima var. maritima. Canad. J. Bot. 52: 1607-1612.
77. _ & _. 1976. Floral development of Zannichellia palustris. Canad. J. Bot. 54: 651-662.
78. _ & P. B. Tomlinson. 1977. Morphology and development of floral shoots and organs in certain Zannichelliaceae. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 75: 21-46.
79. Ramírez-Domenech, J. I. & S. C. Tucker. 1989. Phylogenetic implications of inflorescence and floral ontogeny of Mimosa strigillosa. Amer. J. Bot. 76: 1583-1593.
80. Rauh, W. & H. Reznik. 1953. Histogenetische Untersuchungen an Blüten- und Infloreszenzachsen. II. Die Histogenese der Achsenköpfchenformiger Inflorescenzen. Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen 29: 233-296.
81. Rickett, H. W. 1944. The classification of inflorescences. Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 10: 183-231.
82. _. 1955. Materials for a dictionary of botanical terms. III. Inflorescences. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 82: 419-445.
83. Sattler, R. 1965. Perianth development of Potamogeton richardsonii. Amer. J. Bot. 52: 35-51.
84. _. 1973. Organogenesis of flowers. University of Toronto Press, Toronto.
85. Shannon, S. & D. R. Meeks-Wagner. 1991. A mutation in the Arabidopsis TFL1 gene affects inflorescence meristem development. Pl. Cell 3: 877-892.
86. Skipworth, J. P. & W. R. Philipson. 1966. The cortical vascular system and the interpretation of the Magnolia flower. Phytomorphology 16: 463-469.
87. Stebbins, G. L., Jr. 1973. Evolutionary trends in the inflorescence of angiosperms. Flora 162: 501-528.
88. _. 1974. Flowering plants: Evolution above the species level. Belknap Press, Cambridge, MA.
89. Swamy, B. G. L. & I. W. Bailey. 1949. The morphology and relationships of Cercidiphyllum. J. Arnold Arbor. 30: 187-210.
90. Tomlinson, P. B. 1983. Tree architecture. Amer. Sci. 71:141-149.
91. Troll, W. 1964. Die Infloreszenzen, Typologie um Stellung im Aufbau des Vegetationskörpers. Vol. 1. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena.
92. _. 1969. Die Infloreszenzen, Typologie um Stellung im Aufbau des Vegetationskörpers. Vol. 2, Part 1. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena.
93. Tucker, S. C. 1959. Ontogeny of the inflorescence and the flower in Drimys winteri var. chilensis. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 30: 257-336.
94. _. 1960. Ontogeny of the floral apex of Michelia fuscata. Amer. J. Bot. 47: 266-276.
95. _. 1980. Inflorescence and flower development in the Piperaceae. I. Peperomia. Amer. J. Bot. 67: 686-702.
96. _. 1981. Inflorescence and floral development in Houttuynia cordata (Saururaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 68: 1017-1032.
97. _. 1982. Inflorescence and flower development in the Piperaceae. II Inflorescence development of Piper. Amer. J. Bot. 69: 743-752.
98. _. 1987. Pseudoracemes in papilionoid legumes: Their nature, development, and variation. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 95: 181-206.
99. _. 1988. Heteromorphic flower development in Neptunia pubescens (Leguminosae: Mimosodeae). Amer. J. Bot. 75: 205-224.
100. _. 1991. Helical floral organogenesis in Gleditsia, a primitive caesalpinioid legume. Amer. J. Bot. 78: 1130-1149.
101. _. 1998. Floral ontogeny in legume genera Petalostylis, Labichea, and Dialium (Caesalpinioideae: Cassieae): A series in floral reduction. Amer. J. Bot. 85: 184-208.
102. _ & A. J. Bourland. 1994. Ontogeny of staminate and carpellate flowers of Schisandra glabra (Schisandra). Pl. Syst. & Evol., Suppl. 8: 137-158.
103. Uhl, N. W. 1972. Inflorescence and flower structure in Nypa fruticans (Palmae). Amer. J. Bot. 59: 729-743.
104. _. 1976. Developmental studies in Ptychosperma (Palmae). I. The inflorescence and the flower cluster. Amer. J. Bot. 63: 82-109.
105. _ & J. Dransfield. 1984. Development of the inflorescence, androecium, and gynoecium with reference to palms. Pp. 397-449 in R. W. White & W. C. Dickison (eds.), Contemporary problems in plant anatomy. Academic Press, New York.
106. _ & H. E. Moore Jr. 1978. The structure of the acervulus, the flower cluster of Chamaedoroid palms. Amer. J. Bot. 65: 197-204.
107. Weber, A. 1973. Die Struktur der paarblütigen Partialfloreszenzen der Gesneriaceen und bestimmter Scrophulariaceen. Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen 49: 429-460.
108. _. 1978. Transitions from pair-flowered to normal cymes in Gesneriaceae. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 36: 355-368.
109. Weberling, F. 1965. Typology of inflorescences. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 59: 215-221.
110. _. 1988. The architecture of inflorescences in the Myrtales. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75: 226-310.
111. _. 1989. Morphology of flowers and inflorescences. Transl. by R. J. Pankhurst. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
112. Wyatt, R. 1982. Inflorescence architecture: How flower number, arrangement, and phenology affect pollination and fruit-set. Amer. J. Bot. 69: 585-594.
113. Yahel, H., A. Kadman-Zahavi & Y. Tsukamoto. 1985. Chrysanthemum (perennial species). Pp. 258-264 in A. H. Halevy (ed.), CRC Handbook of flowering. Vol. 2. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.