The 'enantiomeric ratio' - Beware of confusion!

Enantiomer

Volumn 2, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 411-414

  Faber, Kurt ^a  

^a GRAZ UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Austria)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 0000698093     PISSN: 10242430     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Schurig V. (1996). Enantiomer, 1, 139.
2. a) Kagan H. B. (1995). Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas, 114, 203.
3. b) Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Stereoselective Synthesis, Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, New York, 1995, Vol. E 21 a, p. 51 ff (G. Helmchen) and p. 147 ff (V. Schurig).
4. Seebach D., Beck A. K., Schmidt B., Wang Y. M., (1994). Tetrahedron, 50, 4363.
5. a) The abbreviation q was delinated from another synonym for enantiomeric purity, i.e. the "enantiomer quotient", see: Rautenstrauch V. (1994). Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 131, 515. The q scale is a useful measure for enantiomeric purities, especially for high ones.
6. b) Selke R., Facklam C., Foken H., Heller D. (1993). Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 369.
7. # = -RT ln er.
8. a) Kagan H. B., Fiaud J. C. (1988). Topics Stereochem., 18, 249.
9. b) Martin V. S., Woodard S. S., Katsuki T., Yamada Y., Ikeda M., Sharpless K. B. (1981). J. Am. Chem. Soc., 103, 6237.
10. Sih C. J., Wu S.-H. (1989). Topics Stereochem., 19, 63.
11. rd edn., Springer Verlag, 1997, p. 36 ff.
12. Balavoine G., Moradpour A., Kagan H. B. (1974). J. Am. Chem. Soc., 96, 5152.
13. The latter phenomenon has been commonly denoted as "chiral recognition".
14. B.
15. A method based on integral progress curve analysis using racemic starting material has been described, but its use is not trivial and it has not yet found widespread application: Rakels J. L. L., Romein B., Straathof A. J. J., Heijnen J. J. (1994). Biotechnol. Bioeng., 43, 411.
16. Chen C.-S., Fujimoto Y., Girdaukas G., Sih C. J. (1982). J. Am. Chem. Soc., 104, 7294.
17. Bredig G., Fajans K. (1908). Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges., 41, 752.
18. # = -RT ln E.
19. P) is independent of the conversion.
20. Rakels J. L. L., Straathof A. J. J., Heijnen J. J. (1993). Enzyme Microb. Technol., 15, 1051.
21. For example, the er is used by Fluka Chemie to characterize chiral commercially available research chemicals. Since it specifies the proportion of both enantiomers in a product, the er gives visually better (i.e. higher) figures than the ee. For example, an er of 95:5 corresponds to an ee of 90%!
22. Selke R., Enantiomer, accompanying paper in this issue.