Introduction of nonindigenous aquatic vascular plants in southern New England: A historical perspective

Biological Invasions

Volumn 1, Issue 2-3, 1999, Pages 281-300

  Les, Donald H ^a   Mehrhoff, Leslie J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT   (United States)

Author keywords

Aquatic weeds; Cultivated plants; Invasive hydrophytes; Southern New England; Water gardening

Indexed keywords

ACORUS CALAMUS; BUTOMUS UMBELLATUS; CABOMBA CAROLINIANA; CALLITRICHE STAGNALIS; EGERIA DENSA; HETEROPHYLLUM; HYDRILLA VERTICILLATA; LIMNOBIUM SPONGIA; MARSILEA; MARSILEA QUADRIFOLIA; MYRIOPHYLLUM AQUATICUM; MYRIOPHYLLUM HETEROPHYLLUM; MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM; NAJAS GUADALUPENSIS; NAJAS MINOR; NASTURTIUM OFFICINALE; NYMPHOIDES PELTATA; POTAMOGETON CRISPUS; SPONGIA; TRACHEOPHYTA; TRAPA NATANS; VERONICA; VERONICA BECCABUNGA; VERTICILLATA;

EID: 0000690169     PISSN: 13873547     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/a:1010086232220     Document Type: Article

References (161)

1. Aiken SG (1981) A conspectus of Myriophyllum (Haloragaceae) in North America. Brittonia 33: 57-69
2. Anderson LC, Zeis CD and Alam SF (1974) Phytogeography and possible origins of Butomus in North America. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 101: 292-296
3. Anderson LWJ (1990) Aquatic weed problems and management in the western United States and Canada. In: Pieterse AH and Murphy KJ (eds) Aquatic Weeds, pp 371-391. Oxford University Press, Oxford
4. Anon (1994) Water Chestnut: A Problem Nonnative Aquatic Plant in Vermont. Department of Environmental Conservation, Waterbury, Vermont, 7 pp
5. Bartodziej W and Ludlow J (1998) Aquatic vegetation monitoring by natural resources agencies in the United States. Aquatics 20(4): 15-18
6. Beal WJ (1900) Notes on Cabomba caroliniana A. Gray. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 27: 86
7. Bicknell EP (1908) The ferns and flowering plants of Nantucket - I. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 35: 49-62
8. Bigelow J (1840) Florula Bostoniensis. Little & Brown, Boston, Massachusetts, 468 pp
9. Bissett P (1907) The Book of Water Gardening. A. T. De La Mare, New York, 199 pp
10. Blackburn RD, Weldon LW, Yeo RR and Taylor TM (1969) Identification and distribution of certain similar-appearing submersed aquatic weeds in Florida. Hyacinth Control Journal 8: 17-21
11. Bladen E (1997) Pound Ridge pond plagued by parrot feather. The Record Review, Friday, 29 Aug, 1997
12. Bodle MJ (1986) American frog's bit. Aquatics 8(3): 4-6
13. Bogner J and Mayo S (1998) Acoraceae. In: Kubitzki K (ed) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, VoI IV, Flowering Plants: Monocotyledons, Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae), pp 7-11. Springer-Verlag, Berlin
14. Brace J (1822) List of plants growing spontaneously in Litchfield and in its vicinity. American Journal of Science 4: 69-86; 292-309
15. Bromley SW (1945) What to grow in garden pools. Horticulture Illustrated 23: 303
16. Brown A (1879) Trapa natans. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 6: 327-328
17. Brown A (1879) Ballast plants in New York City and its vicinity. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 6: 353-360
18. Brumback WE and Mehrhoff LJ (1996) Flora conservanda: New England. Rhodora 98: 23-361
19. Buell MF (1935) Acorus calamus in America. Rhodora 37: 367-369
20. Burk CJ, Lauermann SD and Mesrobian AL (1976) The spread of several introduced or recently invading aquatics in western Massachusetts. Rhodora 78: 767-772
21. Campbell CS et al. (1995) Checklist of the vascular plants of Maine, 3rd revision. Bulletin 844, Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station, Orono, Maine, 100 pp
22. Carlton JT (1996) Biological invasions and cryptogenic species. Ecology 77: 1653-1655
23. Carolina Biological Supply Company (1998) Science and Mathematics Catalog 68. Burlington, North Carolina, 1182 pp
24. Catling PM and Dore WG (1982) Status and identification of Hydrocharis morsus-ranae and Limnobium spongia (Hydrocharitaceae) in northeastern North America. Rhodora 84: 523-545
25. Catling PM and Porebski ZS (1995) The spread and current distribution of European frogbit, Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L., in North America. Canadian Field-Naturalist 109: 236-241
26. Ceska O and Ceska A (1985) Myriophyllum (Haloragaceae) in British Columbia: problems with species identifications. In: Anderson LWJ (ed) 1st International Symposium on Water Milfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) and Related Haloragaceae Species, pp 39-50. APMS, Vicksburg, Mississippi
27. Chapman AW (1887) Flora of the southern United States (2nd edn). Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor, & Co., New York, 698 pp
28. Clausen RT (1936) Studies in the genus Najas in the northern United States. Rhodora 38: 333-345
29. Clausen RT (1937) A new species of Najas from the Hudson River. Rhodora 39: 57-60
30. Conard HS and Hus H (1909) Water-lilies and how to grow them. Doubleday, Page & Co., New York, 228 pp
31. Cook CDK (1973) New and noteworthy plants from the northern Italian rice fields. Berichte der Schweizerischen Botanischen Gesellschaft 83: 54-65
32. Cook CDK (1990) Origin, autecology, and spread of some of the world's most troublesome aquatic weeds. In: Pieterse AH and Murphy KJ (eds) Aquatic Weeds, pp 31-38. Oxford University Press, Oxford
33. Cook CDK and Urmi-König K (1983) A revision of the genus Limnobium including Hydromystria (Hydrocharitaceae). Aquatic Botany 17: 1-27
34. Cook MP (1899) Some additions to the 'Flora of Middlesex County, Massachusetts'. Rhodora 1: 80-82
35. Core EA (1941) Butomus umbellatus in America. Ohio Journal of Science 41: 79-85
36. Cottam C (1939) Food habits of North American diving ducks. US Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin No 643. GPO, Washington, DC, 140 pp
37. Couch R and Nelson E (1985a) Myriophyllum spicatum in North America. In: Anderson LWJ (ed) 1st International Symposium on Water Milfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) and related Haloragaceae species, pp 8-18. APMS, Vicksburg, Mississippi
38. Couch R and Nelson E (1985b) History of the introduction and distribution of Myriophyllum aquaticum in North America. In: Anderson LWJ (ed) 1st International Symposium on Water Milfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) and related Haloragaceae species, pp 19-26. APMS, Vicksburg, Mississippi
39. Countryman WD (1970) The history, spread and present distribution of some immigrant aquatic weeds in New England. Hyacinth Control Journal 8(2): 50-52
40. Creevey CA (1897) Flowers of Field, Hill, and Swamp. Harper & Brothers, New York, 564 pp
41. Crow GE and Hellquist CB (1982) Aquatic Vascular Plants of New England: Part 4. Juncaginaceae, Scheuchzeriaceae, Butomaceae, Hydrocharitaceae. Station Bulletin 520. New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, 20 pp
42. Crow GE and Hellquist CB (1983) Aquatic Vascular Plants of New England: Part 6. Trapaceae, Haloragaceae, Hippuridaceae. Station Bulletin 524. New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, 26 pp
43. Dansereau P (1958) Vascular aquatic plant communities of southern Quebec: a preliminary analysis. In: Proceedings of the Northeast Wildlife Conference, pp 27-54. Montreal, Canada
44. Davenport GE (1878) Trapa natans. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 6: 352
45. DeVoto B (1953) The Journals of Lewis and Clark. Houghton Mifflin, New York, 504 pp
46. Dore WG and Gillett JM (1950) Botanical survey of the St. Lawrence seaway area in Ontario. Botany and Plant Pathology Division, Science Service, Canada Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, p 82
47. Eaton A (1833) Manual of Botany for North America (6th ed), part I. F. Adancourt, Troy, New York, 104 + 402 pp
48. Eaton RJ (1947) Lemna minor as an aggressive weed in the Sudbury River. Rhodora 49: 165-171
49. Eaton RJ (1974) A Flora of Concord. Special publication No 4, The Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 236 pp
50. Elliott S (1817) A Sketch of the Botany of South-Carolina and Georgia, Vol 1. J.R. Schrenck, Charleston, South Carolina, 606 pp
51. Fassett NC (1951) Callitriche in the New World. Rhodora 53: 137-155; 161-182; 185-194; 209-222
52. Fassett NC (1953) A monograph of Cabomba. Castanea 18: 116-128
53. Fernald ML (1908) Preliminary lists of New England plants - XXII. Rhodora 10: 168-172
54. Fernald ML (1910) Notes on the plants of wineland the good. Rhodora 12: 17-38
55. Fernald ML (1923) Notes on the distribution of Najas in northeastern North America. Rhodora 25: 105-109
56. Fernald ML (1932) Callitriche stagnalis on the lower St. Lawrence. Rhodora 34: 39
57. Fernald ML and Wiegand KM (1923) Notes on some plants of the Ontario and St. Lawrence basins, New York. Rhodora 25: 205-214
58. Fowler H (1936) Water gardening. W.B. Shaw Aquatic Gardens, Kenilworth, Washington, DC, 25 pp
59. Gaiser LO (1949) Further distribution of Butomus umbellatus in the Great lakes region. Rhodora 51: 385-390
60. Gates BN (1958) Cabomba caroliniana grows in Worcester county, Massachusetts. Rhodora 60: 321-323
61. George GG (1998) Rhode Island Botanical Survey Check List of the Native and Naturalized Plants, Shrubs and Trees of Rhode Island by Counties, Cities and Towns (7th ed). Rhode Island Wild Plant Society, Peace Dale, Rhode Island, 309 pp
62. Gould LL, Enser RW, Champlin RE and Stuckey IH (1998) Vascular Flora of Rhode Island. The Rhode Island Natural History Survey, Kingston, Rhode Island, 268 pp
63. Graves CB, Eames EH, Bissell CH, Andrews L, Harger EB and Weatherby CA (1910) Catalogue of the flowering plants and ferns of Connecticut growing without cultivation. State Geological and Natural History Survey, Hartford, Connecticut, 569 pp
64. Gray A (1857) Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States, Revised edn. Ivison and Phinney, New York, 631 pp
65. Gray A (1860) Marsilea quadrifolia L. American Journal of Science and Arts (second series) 30: 140
66. Gray A (1872) Marsilea quadrifolia L. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 3: 3
67. Green PS (1962) Watercress in the New World. Rhodora 64: 32-43
68. Gronovius JF (1739) Flora Virginica (1st edn). Lugduni Batavorum Apud Cornelium Haak, 210 pp
69. Gronovius JF (1762) Flora Virginica (2nd edn). Lugduni Batavorum, 184 pp
70. Harger EB, Graves CB, Eames EH, Bissell CH and Weatherby CA (1922) Additions to the flora of Connecticut. Series 2. Rhodora 24: 111-121
71. Harris SK (1958) Cabomba caroliniana in Essex County, Massachusetts. Rhodora 60: 116
72. Hellquist CB (1997) A guide to invasive non-native aquatic plants in Massachusetts. Massachusetts Department of Environmental Management, Boston, Massachusetts, 15 pp
73. Hellquist CB and Crow GE (1980) Aquatic Vascular Plants of New England: Part 1. Zosteraceae, Potamogetonaceae, Zannichelliaceae, Najadaceae. Station Bulletin 515. New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, 68 pp
74. Hirzel D (1962) Malignant plant choking future of Chesapeake Bay area. The Sunday Star, Washington, DC, October 7, 1962
75. Hodgdon AR (1959) Cabomba caroliniana in Rockingham County, New Hampshire. Rhodora 61: 248-249
76. Hollick A (1887) Proceedings of the club. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 14: 87-88
77. Holm LG, Weldon LW and Blackburn RD (1969) Aquatic weeds. Science 166: 699-709
78. Holmgren PK, Holmgren NH and Barnett LC (1990) Index Herbariorum. Part I: The Herbaria of the World. NY Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, 693 pp
79. House H (1924). Annotated list of the ferns and flowering plants of New York state, Bulletin No 254, NY State Museum, Albany, New York, 759 pp
80. Hoyer MV, Canfield Jr DE, Horsburgh CA and Brown K (1996) Florida Freshwater Plants: a Handbook of Common Aquatic Plants in Florida Lakes. University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, Florida, 264 pp
81. Hull ED (1913) Advance of Potamogeton crispus L. Rhodora 15: 171-172
82. Hurley LM (1990) Field guide to the Submerged Aquatic Vegetation of Chesapeake Bay. United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC, 51 pp
83. Innes WT (1917) Goldfish Varieties and Tropical Fishes (3rd edn). Innes and Sons, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 246 pp
84. Ives E, Tully W and Leavenworth MC (1831) Catalogue of the phenogamous plants and the ferns growing without cultivation, within five miles of Yale College, Ct. Hezekiah Howe, New Haven, Connecticut, 38 pp
85. Jäggi J (1883) Die Wassernuss, Trapa natans L., und der Tribulus der Alten. Herausgegeben von der Neujahrsblatt Naturforschenden Gesellschaft auf das Jahr 1884. No 86, Zürich, 34 pp
86. James DE (1984) Carolina's Freshwater Aquarium Handbook. Carolina Biological Supply Co., Burlington, North Carolina, 20 pp
87. Jervis RA and Buell MF (1964) Acorus calamus in New Jersey. Torreya 91: 335-336
88. Johnson DM (1986) Marsilea in the New World. Systematic Botany Monographs 11: 1-87
89. Josselyn J (1672) New-Englands Rarities Discovered. G. Widdowes, London, 114 pp
90. Joyce JC (1990) Practical uses of aquatic weeds. In: Pieterse AH and Murphy KJ (eds) Aquatic weeds: the Ecology and Management of Nuisance Aquatic Vegetation, pp 274-291. Oxford University Press, Oxford
91. Kadono Y and Schneider EL (1986) Floral biology of Trapa natans var. japonica. Botanical Magazine (Tokyo) 99: 435-499
92. Kadono Y, Nakamura T and Suzuki T (1997) Genetic uniformity of two aquatic plants, Egeria densa Planch, and Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) St. John, introduced in Japan. The Japanese Journal of Limnology 58: 197-203.
93. Knight ED (1985) Control of frog's bit. Aquatics 7(1): 24
94. Knowlton CH (1923) Butomus umbellatus on the St. Lawrence River. Rhodora 25: 220-221
95. Knowlton CH (1930a) Butomus umbellatus at Lake Champlain. Rhodora 32: 18-19
96. Knowlton CH (1930b) Dynamic forces in the flora of Quebec. Rhodora 32: 11-15
97. Knowlton CH (1940) Two introduced plants. Rhodora 42: 524-525
98. Les DH and Stuckey RL (1985) The introduction and spread of Veronica beccabunga (Scrophulariaceae) in eastern North America. Rhodora 87: 503-515
99. Les DH, Mehrhoff LJ, Cleland MA and Gabel JD (1997) Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrocharitaceae) in Connecticut. Journal of Aquatic Plant Management 35: 10-14
100. Löve A and Löve D (1957) Drug content and polyploidy in Acorus. Proceedings, Genetics Society of Canada 2: 14-17
101. Lowden RM (1992) Floral variation and taxonomy of Limnobium L.C. Richard (Hydrocharitaceae). Rhodora 94: 111-134
102. Mabbott DC (1920) Food Habits of Seven Species of American Shoal-Water Ducks. Bulletin No 862, US Department of Agriculture, GPO, Washington, DC, 68 pp
103. Madsen JD and Boylen CW (1989) Eurasian watermilfoil seed ecology from an oligotrophic and eutrophic lake. Journal of Aquatic Plant Management 27: 119-121
104. Manning WE (1937) New records for the Connecticut valley in Massachusetts. Rhodora 39: 186-188
105. Martin AC and Uhler FM (1939) Food of game ducks in the United States and Canada. US Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin No 634, GPO, Washington, DC, 157 pp
106. McAtee WL (1917) Propagation of wild-duck foods. US Department of Agriculture Bulletin No 465, GPO, Washington, DC, 40 pp.
107. McAtee WL (1918) Food habits of the Mallard ducks of the United States. U.S. Department of Agriculture Bulletin No 720, GPO, Washington, DC, 36 pp
108. McAtee WL (1939) Wildfowl Food Plants. Collegiate Press, Ames, Iowa, 141 pp
109. Meehan T (1882) Migration of plants. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 9: 11
110. Meriläinen J (1968) Najas minor All. in North America. Rhodora 70: 161-175
111. Merrill ED (1954) The botany of Cook's voyages and its unexpected significance in relation to anthropology, biogeography and history. Chronica Botanica 14: 161-383
112. Mills EL, Scheuerell MD, Carlton JT and Strayer DL (1997) Biological invasions in the Hudson River basin. New York State Museum Circular No 57, New York State Museum, Albany, New York, 51 pp
113. Mitchell RS and Tucker GC (1997) Revised checklist of New York State plants. Bulletin No 490, The New York State Museum, Albany, New York, 400 pp
114. Moore E (1913) The Potamogetons in relation to pond culture. Bulletin of the US Bureau of Fisheries 33: 251-291
115. Moyle JB, Nielsen EL and Younge OR (1946) Vegetation of artificial lakes in northwestern Arkansas. Rhodora 48: 329-330
116. Muenscher WC (1930) Butomus umbellatus in the Lake Champlain basin. Rhodora 32: 19-20
117. Muenscher WC (1933) Aquatic vegetation of the upper Hudson watershed. In: A Biological Survey of the Upper Hudson Watershed, pp 216-238. New York State Conservation Department, Supplemental to 22nd Annual Report, 1933. Albany, New York
118. Muenscher WC (1935a) Aquatic vegetation of the Mohawk watershed. In: A Biological Survey of the Mohawk-Hudson watershed, pp 228-249. New York State Conservation Department, Supplemental to 24th Annual Report, 1935. Albany, New York
119. Muenscher WC (1935b) Annual report to the legislature; plants and plankton units. In: New York State Conservation Department, 24th Annual Report for the year 1934, Albany, New York, pp 240-241
120. Muenscher WC (1936) Storage and germination of seeds of aquatic plants. Bulletin 652, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca, New York, 17 pp
121. Muenscher WC (1944) Aquatic plants of the United States. Comstock, Ithaca, New York, 374 pp
122. Murphy KJ, Robson TO, Arsenovic M and van der Zweerde W (1990) Aquatic weed problems and management in Europe. In: Pieterse AH and Murphy KJ (eds) Aquatic Weeds: The Ecology and Management of Nuisance Aquatic Vegetation, pp 295-317. Oxford University Press, Oxford
123. Nash GV (1909) Butomaceae. In: North American Flora, Vol 17, Part 1, pp 63-64. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York
124. National Academy of Sciences (1976) Making aquatic weeds useful: some prospects for developing countries. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, 174 pp
125. Newby E (1982) The World Atlas of Exploration. Artist's House, London, 288 pp
126. Ogden EC (1974) Anatomical Patterns of Some Aquatic Vascular Plants of New York. Bulletin No 424, New York State Museum and Science Service, Albany, New York, 133 pp
127. Packer JG and Ringius GS (1984) The distribution and status of Acorus (Acoraceae) in Canada. Canadian Journal of Botany 62: 2248-2252
128. Parish SB (1901) The vegetation of Plymouth three hundred years ago. Rhodora 3: 17
129. Philbrick CT, Aakjar RA and Stuckey RL (1998) Invasion and spread of Callitriche stagnalis (Callitrichaceae) in North America. Rhodora 100: 25-38
130. Pollard L (1896) Some new and rare plants. Botanical Gazette 21: 233-235
131. Reed CF (1977) History and distribution of Eurasian watermilfoil in the United States. Phytologia 36: 417-436
132. Rollins RC (1978) Watercress in Florida. Rhodora 80: 147-153
133. Rollins RC (1981) Weeds of the Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) in North America. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 62: 517-540
134. Samuel M (1894) The Amateur Aquarist. Baker & Taylor Co., New York, 114 pp
135. Schloesser DW and Manny BA (1984) Distribution of Eurasian watermilfoil, Myriophyllum spicatum, in the St. Clair-Detroit River system in 1978. Journal of Great Lakes Research 10: 322-326
136. Seymour FC (1969) The Flora of New England. Charles E. Tuttle Company, Rutland, Vermont, 596 pp
137. Steward KK (1990) Aquatic weed problems and management in the eastern United States. In: Pieterse AH and Murphy KJ (eds) Aquatic Weeds: The Ecology and Management of Nuisance Aquatic Vegetation, pp 391-405. Oxford University Press, Oxford
138. Steward KK, Van TK, Carter V and Pieterse AH (1984) Hydrilla invades Washington, DC and the Potomac. American Journal of Botany 71: 162-163
139. Stuckey RL (1968) Distributional history of Butomus umbellatus (flowering-rush) in the western lake Erie and lake St. Clair region. The Michigan Botanist 7: 134-142
140. Stuckey RL (1973) The introduction and distribution of Nymphoides peltatum (Menyanthaceae) in North America. Bartonia 42: 14-23
141. Stuckey RL (1979) Distributional history of Potamogeton crispus (Curly pondweed) in North America. Bartonia 46: 22-42
142. Stuckey RL (1980) Distributional history of Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife) in North America. Bartonia 47: 3-20
143. Sutton DL (1991) The Hydrocharitaceae or frog's-bit family. Aquatics 13(1): 4-12
144. Svenson HK (1928) Additions to the flora of Cape Cod. Rhodora 30: 135-136
145. Svenson HK (1932) Callitriche stagnalis in eastern United States. Rhodora 34: 37-39
146. Thompson DQ, Stuckey RL and Thompson EB (1987) Spread, impact, and control of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) in North American wetlands. US Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC, 55 pp
147. Torrey J (1826) A compendium of the flora of the northern and middle states. S. B. Collins, New York, 403 pp
148. Tricker W (1897) The water garden. A. T. De La Mare Printing and Publishing Co., Ltd., New York, 120 pp
149. Tricker W (1998) William Tricker, Inc., Trade catalog. Independence, Ohio, 56 pp
150. Trudeau PN (1982) Nuisance Aquatic Plants and Aquatic Plant Management Programs in the United States. Vol 3: Northeastern and North-Central Region. MITRE Corp., McLean, Virginia, 203 pp
151. Tuckerman E (1865) Introduction and notes. In: Josselyn J, New-England's Rarities, William Veazie, Boston, Massachusetts, 134 pp
152. Walter T (1788) Flora Caroliniana. Sumptibus J. Fraser, London, 263 pp
153. Weatherbee PB (1996) Flora of Berkshire County Massachusetts. Studley Press, Dalton, Massachusetts, 135 pp
154. Weatherby CA (1932) Anacharis densa on Long Island. Rhodora 34: 151-152
155. Wehrmeister JR and Stuckey RL (1992) Life history of Potamogeton crispus. Michigan Botanist 31: 3-16
156. Weldon LW, Blackburn RD and Harrison DS (1973) Common aquatic weeds. Dover, New York, 43 pp
157. Wibbe H (1886) Notes from Schenectady, New York. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 13: 79
158. Willey H (1881) Marsilea quadrifolia. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 8: 144
159. Wood GB and Bache F (1854) The dispensatory of the United States of America. Lippincott, Grambo, and Co., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1480 pp
160. Young A (1841) Chronicles of the Pilgrim Fathers of the Colony of Plymouth, from 1602 to 1625. Little and Brown, Boston, Massachusetts, 504 pp
161. Young A (1846) Chronicles of the First Planters of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, from 1623 to 1636. Little and Brown, Boston, Massachusetts, 571 pp