Surprise for science, resilience for ecosystems, and incentives for people

Ecological Applications

Volumn 6, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 733-735

  Holling, C S ^a  

^a University of Florida ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000672695     PISSN: 10510761     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2269475     Document Type: Article

References (12)

1. Gunderson, L., C. Rolling, and S. Light. 1995. Barriers and bridges for the renewal of regional ecosystems. Columbia University Press, New York, New York, USA.
2. Holling, C. S. 1973. Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 4:1-23.
3. _. 1978. Adaptive Environmental Assessment and Management. John Wiley & Sons, London.
4. _.1986. The resilience of ecosystems; local surprise and global change. Pages 292-317 in W. C. Clark and R. E. Munn, editors. Sustainable development of the biosphere. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.
5. _.1992. Cross-scale morphology, geometry and dynamics of ecosystems. Ecological Monographs 62:447-502.
6. _.1995. Engineering resilience vs. ecological resil-ience. In P. Schulze, editor. Engineering within ecological constraints. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
7. Holling, C. S., D. W. Schindler, B. W. Walker and J. Rough-garden. 1995. Biodiversity in the functioning of ecosystems: an ecological synthesis. Pages 44-83 in C. Perrings, K. G. Maler, C. Folke, B. O. Jansson, and C. S. Holling, editors. Biodiversity loss: economic and ecological issues. Cambridge University Press, New York, New York, USA.
8. Lee, K. N. 1993. Compass and gyroscope. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
9. Schindler, D. W. 1990. Experimental perturbations of whole lakes as tests of hypotheses concerning ecosystem structure and function. Oikos 57:25-41.
10. Schindler, D. W., T. M. Frost, K. H. Mills, P. S. S. Chang, I. J. Davis, F. L. Findlay, D. F. Malley, J. A. Shearer, M. A. Turner, P. J. Garrison, C. J. Watras, K. Webster, J. M. Gunn, P. L. Brezonik, and W. A. Swenson. 1991. Freshwater acidification, reversibility and recovery: comparisons of experimental and atmospherically-acidified lakes. In F. T. Last and R. Watling, editors. Acidic deposition: its nature and impacts. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 978:193-226.
11. Walker, B. H. 1981. Is succession a viable concept in African savanna ecosystems? Pages 431-447 in D. C. West, H. H. Shugart and D. B. Botkin, editors. Forest succession: concepts and application. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA.
12. Walters, C. J. 1986. Adaptive management of renewable resources. McGraw Hill, New York, New York, USA.