Modification of surface fluxes by atmospheric convection in the TOGA COARE region

Monthly Weather Review

Volumn 124, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 816-837

  Jabouille, P ^a   Redelsperger, J L ^a   Lafore, J P ^a  

^a CENTRE NATIONAL DE RECHERCHES MÉTÉOROLOGIQUES   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000651037     PISSN: 00270644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(1996)124<0816:MOSFBA>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Barnes, G., and M. Garstang, 1982: Subcloud layer energies of precipitating convection. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 102-117.
2. Beljaars, A. C. M., 1995: The parameterization of surface fluxes in large-scale models under free convection. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 121, 255-270.
3. Bradley, E. F., P. A. Coppin, and J. S. Godfrey. 1991 : Measurements of sensible and latent heat flux in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 3375-3389.
4. _, J. S. Godfrey, P. A. Coppin, and J. A. Butt, 1993: Observations of the neat heat flux into the surface mixed layer of the western equatorial Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 22 521-22 532.
5. Brown, R. A., 1980: Longitudinal instabilities and secondary flows in the planetary boundary layer: A review. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 18, 683-697.
6. Caniaux, G., J. L. Redelsperger, and J. P. Lafore, 1994: A numerical study of the stratiform region of a fast-moving squall line. Part 1: General description and water and heat budgets. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2046-2074.
7. Esbensen, S. K., and R. W. Reynolds, 1981: Estimating monthly averaged air- sea transfers of heat and momentum using the bulk aerodynamic method. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 457-465.
8. Fairall, C. W., J. B. Edson, S. E. Larsen, and P. G. Mestayer, 1990: Inertial-dissipation air-sea flux measurements: A prototype system using realtime spectral computations. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 7, 425-453.
9. _, E. F. Bradley, D. P. Rogers, J. B. Edson, and G. S. Young, 1995: Bulk parameterization of air-sea fluxes for TOGA COARE. J. Geophys. Res., in press.
10. Fritsch, J. M., and C. F. Chappell, 1980: Numerical prediction of convectively driven mesoscale pressure system. Part I: Convective parameterization. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 1722-1733.
11. Garstang, M., 1967: Sensible and latent heat heat exchange in low-latitude synoptic-scale systems. Tellus, 19, 492-509.
12. Gautier, C., 1978: Some evidence of cool surface water pools associated with mesoscale downdrafts during GATE. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 8, 162-166.
13. Gaynor, J. E., and C. F. Ropelewski, 1979: Analysis of the convectively modified GATE boundary layer using in situ acoustic sounder data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 107, 985-993.
14. Geisler, J. E., M. L. Blackmon, G. T. Bates, and S. Munoz, 1985: Sensitivity of January climate response to the magnitude and position of equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 1037-1049.
15. Godfrey, J. S., and A. C. M. Beljaars, 1991: On the turbulent fluxes of buoyancy, heat and moisture at the air-sea interface at low wind speeds. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 22 043-22 048.
16. Guichard, F., J. L. Redelsperger, and J. P. Lafore, 1996: The behavior of a cloud ensemble in response to external forcings. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., in press.
17. Hanawa, K., and Y. Toba, 1986: Critical examination of estimation methods of long-term mean air-sea heat and momentum transfers. Ocean-Air Interactions, 1, 79-93.
18. Jabouille, P., J. L. Redelsperger, and J. P. Lafore, 1994: Modification of the surface fluxes by atmospheric convection. Preprints, 6th Conf. on Mesoscale Processes, Portland, OR, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 9-12.
19. Johnson, H. J., and M. E. Nicholls, 1983: A composite analysis of the boundary layer accompanying a tropical squall line. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 308-319.
20. Ledvina, D. V., G. S. Young, R. A. Miller, and C. W. Fairall, 1993: The effect of averaging on bulk estimates of heat and momentum fluxes for the tropical western Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 20211-20217.
21. Liu, W. T., K. B. Katsaros, and J. A. Businger, 1979: Bulk parameterization of air-sea exchanges of heat and water vapor including the molecular constraints at the interface. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 1722-1735.
22. Louis, J. F., 1979: A parametric model of vertical eddy fluxes in the atmosphere. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 17, 187-202.
23. Lukas, R., P. Webster, and J. Picaut, 1991: Papers from the western Pacific international meeting and workshop on TOGA-COARE. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 3123-3124.
24. Miller, M. J., A. C. M. Beljaars, and T. N. Palmer, 1992: The sensitivity of the ECMWF model to the parameterization of evaporation from the tropical oceans. J. Climate, 5, 418-434.
25. Morcrette, J. J., 1991: Radiation and cloud radiative properties in the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts forecasting system. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 9121-9132.
26. Palmer, T. N., and D. A. Mansfield, 1984: Response of two atmospheric general circulation models to sea-surface temperature anomalies in the tropical east and west Pacific. Nature, 310, 483-485.
27. Parsons, D., D. Dabbert, H. Cole, T. Hock, C. Martin, A. L. Barrett, E. Miller, M. Spowart, M. Howard, W. Ecklund, D. Carter, K. Gage, and J. Wilson, 1994: The integrated sounding system: Description and preliminary observations from TOGA COARE. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75, 553-567.
28. Redelsperger, J. L., and G. Sommeria, 1986: Three-dimensional simulation of a convective storm: Sensitivity studies on subgrid parameterization and spatial resolution. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 2619-2635.
29. _, and J. P. Lafore, 1988: A three-dimensional simulation of a tropical squall line: Convective organization and thermodynamic vertical transport. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 1334-1356.
30. Riehl, H., and J. S. Malkus, 1958: On the heat balance in the equatorial through zone. Geophysica, 6, 503-538.
31. Roll, H. V., 1965: Physics of the Marine Atmosphere. Academic Press, 426 pp.
32. Schmidt, H., and U. Schumann, 1989: Coherent structure of the convective boundary layer derived from large-eddy simulations. J. Fluid. Mech., 200, 511-562.
33. Smith, S. D., 1988: Coefficients for sea surface wind stress, heat flux, and wind profiles as a function of wind speed and temperature. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 15 467-15 472.
34. Sommeria, G., 1976: Three-dimensional simulation of turbulent processes in an undisturbed trade wind boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 216-241.
35. Stull, R. B., 1994: A convective transport theory for surface fluxes. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 3-22.
36. Sykes, R. I., D. S. Henn, and W. S. Lewellen, 1993: Surface-layer description under free-convection conditions. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 119, 409-421.
37. TOGA COARE International Project Office, 1995: Summary Rep. of the TOGA COARE International data workshop. Toulouse, France, 170 pp.
38. Webster, P. J., and R. Lukas, 1992: TOGA COARE: The Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 73, 1377-1416.
39. Williams, A. G., and J. M. Hacker, 1992: The composite shape and structure of coherent eddies in the convective boundary layer. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 61, 213-245.
40. _, and _, 1993: Interaction between coherent eddies in the lower convective boundary layer. Bound-Layer Meteor., 64, 55-74.
41. Wright, D. G., and K. R. Thompson, 1983: Time-averaged forms of the nonlinear stress law. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13, 341-345.
42. Yanai, M., S. Esbenseb, and J.-H. Chu, 1973: Determination of bulk properties of tropical cloud clusters from large-scale heat and moisture budgets. J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 611-627.
43. Young, G. S., L. D. Ledvina, and C. W. Fairall, 1992: Influence of precipitating convection on the surface energy budget observed during a tropical ocean global atmosphere pilot cruise in the tropical western Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 9595-9603.
44. _, S. M. Perugini, and C. W. Fairall, 1995: Convective wakes in the equatorial western Pacific during TOGA. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 110-123.
45. Zilitinkevich, S. S., 1994: A generalized scaling for convective shear flows. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 70, 51-78.
46. Zisper, E. J., and K.-A. L. Caesar, 1994: The structure of cold pools produced by mesoscale convective systems during TOGA COARE. Preprints, Sixth Conf. on Mesoscale Processes, Portland, OR, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 29-32.