Chapter 9 Electrical events in photomovement of green flagellated algae

Comprehensive Series in Photosciences

Volumn 1, Issue C, 2001, Pages 245-280

  Sineshchekov, Oleg A ^a   Govorunova, Elena G ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000631728     PISSN: 1568461X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S1568-461X(01)80013-2     Document Type: Article

References (147)

1. Diehn B., Feinleib M., Haupt W., Hildebrand E., Lenci F., and Nultsch W. Terminology of behavioral responses of motile microorganisms. Photochem. Photobiol. 26 (1977) 559-560
2. (In Russian). Sineshchekov O.A., and Litvin F.F. Phototaxis in microorganisms, its mechanism and relation to photosynthesis. Usp. Sovr. Biol. 78 (1974) 58-75
3. (In Russian). Sineshchekov O.A., and Litvin F.F. Photoregulation of movement in microorganisms. Usp. Mikrobiol. 17 (1982) 62-87
4. Nultsch W., and Throm G. Effect of external factors on phototaxis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. I. Light. Arch. Mikrobiol. 103 (1975) 175-179
5. Nultsch W. Phototaxis and photokinesis. In: Carlyle M.J. (Ed). Primitive Sensory and Communication Systems. The Taxes and Tropisms of Microorganisms and Cells (1975), Academic Press, London, N.Y., San Francisco 29-90
6. Halldal P. Action spectra for phototaxis and related problems in Volvocales, Ulva-gametes and Dinophyceae. Physiol. Plant. 11 (1958) 118-153
7. Halldal P. Ultraviolet action spectra of positive and negative phototaxis in Platymonas subcordiformis. Physiol. Plant. 14 (1961) 133-139
8. W. N., Throm G., and von Rimscha I. Phototaktische Untersuchungen an Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dangeard in homokontinuerlicher Kultur. Arch. Mikrobiol. 80 (1971) 351-369
9. Schletz K. Phototaxis bei Volvox. Pigmentsysteme der Lichtrichtungsperzeption. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 77 (1976) 189-211
10. Foster K.-W., and Smyth R.D. Light antennas in phototactic algae. Microbiol. Rev. 44 (1980) 572-630
11. Foster K.-W., Saranak J., Patel N., Zarilli G., Okabe M., Kline T., and Nakanishi K. A rhodopsin is the functional photoreceptor for phototaxis in the unicellular eukaryote Chlamydomonas. Nature 311 (1984) 756-759
12. Kröger P., and Hegemann P. Photophobic responses and phototaxis in Chlamydomonas are triggered by a single rhodopsin photoreceptor. FEBS Lett. 341 (1994) 5-9
13. Zacks D.N., Derguini F., Nakanishi K., and Spudich J.L. Comparative study of phototactic and photophobic receptor chromophore properties in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biophys. J. 65 (1993) 508-518
14. Ringo D.L. Flagellar motion and fine structure of the flagellar apparatus in Chlamydomonas. J. Cell Biol. 33 (1967) 543-571
15. Kamiya R., and Witman G.B. Submicromolar levels of calcium control the balance of beating between the two flagella in demembranated models of Chlamydomonas. J. Cell Biol. 98 (1984) 97-107
16. Bessen M., Fay R.B., and Witman G.B. Calcium control of waveform in isolated flagellar axonemes of Chlamydomonas. J. Cell Biol. 86 (1980) 446-455
17. Rüffer U., and Nultsch W. High-speed cinematographic analysis of the movement of Chlamydomonas. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 5 (1985) 251-263
18. Rüffer U., and Nultsch W. Comparison of the beating of cis- and trans-flagella of Chlamydomonas cells held on micropipettes. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 7 (1987) 97
19. Holland E.M., Harz H., Uhl R., and Hegemann P. Control of phobic behavioral responses by rhodopsin-induced photocurrents in Chlamydomonas. Biophys. J. 73 (1997) 1359-1401
20. Buder J. Zur Kenntnis der phototaktischen Richtungsbewegungen. Jahrb. Wiss. Bot. 58 (1917) 105-220
21. Mast S.O. The structure and function of the eye-spot in unicellular and colonial organisms. Arch. Protiskenkd. 60 (1927) 197-220
22. Melkonian M., and Robenek H. The eyespot apparatus of flagellated green algae: a critical review. Prog. Phycol. Res. 3 (1984) 193-268
23. Kreimer G. Cell biology of phototaxis in flagellated alga. Int. Rev. Cytol. 148 (1994) 229-310
24. Melkonian M., and Robenek H. Eyespot membranes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: a freeze-fracture study. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 72 (1980) 90-102
25. Ristori T., and Rosati G. The eyespot membranes of Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow (Chlorophycea): their ultrastructure and possible significance in phototaxis. Monitore Zool. Ital. 17 (1983) 401-408
26. Morel-Laurens N.M.L., and Feinleib M.E. Photomovement in an "eyeless" mutant of Chlamydomonas. Photochem. Photobiol. 37 (1983) 189-194
27. (In Russian). Sineshchekov O.A., Govorunova E.G., and Litvin F.F. Role of photosynthetic apparatus and stigma in the formation of spectral sensitivity of phototaxis in flagellated green algae. Biofizika 34 (1989) 255-258
28. Schaller K., and Uhl R. A microspectrophotometric study of the shielding properties of eyespot and cell body in Chlamydomonas. Biophys. J. 73 (1997) 1573-1578
29. Kreimer G., and Melkonian M. Reflection confocal laser scanning microscopy of eyespots in flagellated green algae. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 53 (1990) 101-111
30. Hand W.G., and Haupt W. Flagellar activity of the colony members of Volvox aureus Ehrbg. during light stimulation. J. Protozool. 18 (1971) 361-364
31. Schmidt J.A., and Eckert R. Calcium couples flagellar reversal to photostimulation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Nature 262 (1976) 713-715
32. Rüffer U., and Nultsch W. Flagellar photoresponses of Chlamydomonas cells held on micropipettes: III. Shock response. Bot. Acta 108 (1995) 255-265
33. Feinleib M.E.H., and Curry G.M. The relationship between intensity and oriented phototactic response (topotaxis) in Chlamydomonas. Physiol. Plantarum 25 (1971) 346-352
34. Boscov J.S., and Feinleib M.E. Phototactic response of Chlamydomonas to flashes of light. II. Response of individual cells. Photochem. Photobiol. 30 (1979) 499-505
35. Takahashi T., Yoshihara K., Watanabe M., Kubota M., Johnson R., Derguini F., and Nakanishi K. Photoisomerization of retinal at 13-ene is important for phototaxis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: simultaneous measurements of phototactic and photophobic responses. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 178 (1991) 1273-1279
36. Wayne R., Kadota A., Watanabe M., and Furuya M. Photomovement in Dunaliella salina: fluence rate-response curves and action spectra. Planta 184 (1991) 515-524
37. Zacks D.N., and Spudich J.L. Gain setting in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: mechanism of phototaxis and the role of the photophobic response. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 29 (1994) 225-230
38. Halldal P. Importance of calcium and magnesium ions in phototaxis of motile green algae. Nature 179 (1957) 215-216
39. Stavis R.L., and Hirschberg R. Phototaxis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J. Cell Biol. 59 (1973) 367-377
40. Sakaguchi H. Effects of external ionic environment on phototaxis in Volvox carteri. Plant Cell Physiol. 20 (1979) 1643-1651
41. Marbach I., and Mayer A.M. Effect of electric field on the phototactic response in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Isr. J. Bot. 20 (1971) 96-100
42. 2+ and by electric current injection. J. Cell Sci. 29 (1978) 233-247
43. (In Russian). Sineshchekov O.A., Andrianov V.K., Kurella G.A., and Litvin F.F. Bioelectric phenomena in unicellular flagellated alga and their relation to phototaxis and photosynthesis. Fiziologiya rastenij 23 (1976) 229-237
44. (In Russian). Sineshchekov O.A., Sineshchekov V.A., and Litvin F.F. Photo-induced bioelectric responses in phototaxis of a unicellular flagellated alga. Dokl. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 239 (1978) 471-474
45. Litvin F.F., Sineshchekov O.A., and Sineshchekov V.A. Photoreceptor electric potential in the phototaxis of the alga Haematococcus pluvialis. Nature 271 (1978) 476-478
46. Remis D., Simonis W., and Gimmler H. Measurement of the transmembrane electrical potential of Dunaliella acidophila by microelectrodes. Arch. Microbiol. 158 (1992) 350-355
47. Sineshchekov O.A., Litvin F.F., and Keszthelyi L. Two components of photoreceptor potential in phototaxis of the flagellated green alga Haematococcus pluvialis. Biophys. J. 57 (1990) 33-39
48. Harz H., and Hegemann P. Rhodopsin-regulated calcium currents in Chlamydomonas. Nature 351 (1991) 489-491
49. Holland E.M., Braun F.-J., Nonnengässer C., Harz H., and Hegemann P. The nature of rhodopsin-triggered photocurrents in Chlamydomonas. I. Kinetics and influence of divalent cations. Biophys. J. 70 (1996) 924-931
50. Schloesser U.G., Sachs H., and Robinson D.R. Isolation of protoplasts by means of a "species-specific" autolysin in Chlamydomonas. Protoplasma 88 (1976) 51-64
51. Sullivan J.M., and Foster K.-W. Light-dependent ion channel activity in Chlamydomonas. Biophys. J. 51 (1987) 274a
52. Yau K.-W., Lamb T.D., and Baylor D. Light-induced fluctuations in membrane current of single toad rod outer segments. Nature 269 (1977) 78-80
53. McNaughton P.A. Light response of vertebrate photoreceptors. Physiol. Rev. 70 (1990) 847-883
54. Nagy K. Biophysical processes in invertebrate photoreceptors: recent progress and a critical overview based on Limulus photoreceptors. Quart. Rev. Biophys. 24 (1991) 165-226
55. Ranganatan R., Malicki D.M., and Zuker C.S. Signal transduction in Drosophila photoreceptors. Annu Rev. Neurosci. 18 (1995) 283-317
56. Beck C., and Uhl R. On the localization of voltage-sensitive calcium channels in the flagella of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biophys. J. 125 (1994) 1119-1125
57. Braun F.-J., and Hegemann P. Two independent photoreceptor currents in the spheroid alga Volvox carteri. Biophys. J. 76 (1999) 1668-1678
58. 2+-dependent phobic response in a flagellate green alga. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 29 (1994) 97-109
59. Yoshimura K. A novel type of mechanoreception by the flagella of Chlamydomonas. J. Exp. Biol. 199 (1996) 295-302
60. Sineshchekov O.A. Electrophysiology of photomovements in flagellated algae. In: Lenci F., Ghetti F., Colombetti G., Häder D.-P., and Song P.-S. (Eds). Biophysics of Photoreceptors and Photomovements in Microorganisms (1991), Plenum Press, New York 191-202
61. Sineshchekov O.A., Govorunova E.G., Der A., Keszthelyi L., and Nultsch W. Photoelectric responses in phototactic flagellated algae measured in cell suspension. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 13 (1992) 119-134
62. Sineshchekov O.A., and Nultsch W. Signal transduction in rhodopsin-mediated photomovements in flagellates. 5th Int. Conf. on Retinal Proteins. Dourdan (1992)
63. Kreimer G., Overländer C., Sineshchekov O.A., Stolzis H., Nultsch W., and Melkonian M. Functional analysis of the eyespot in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant ey 627, mt. Planta 188 (1992) 513-521
64. Sineshchekov O.A., Govorunova E.G., Der A., Keszthelyi L., and Nultsch W. Photoinduced electric currents in carotenoid-deficient Chlamydomonas mutants reconstituted with retinal and its analogs. Biophys. J. 66 (1994) 2073-2084
65. Pazour G.J., Sineshchekov O.A., and Witman G.B. Mutational analysis of the phototransduction pathway of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J. Cell Biol. 131 (1995) 427-440
66. In: Sineshchekov O.A. (Ed). The investigation of the photoelectric processes in phototaxis of a green alga. Ph.D. Thesis (1978), Moscow State University, Moscow
67. Ristori T., Ascoli C., Banchetti R., Parrini P., and Petracci D. Localization of photoreceptor and active membrane in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis. Proc. 6th Int. Cong. Protozool. Warsaw (1981) 314
68. Sineshchekov O.A. Photoreception in unicellular flagellates: bioelectric phenomena in phototaxis. In: Douglas R.H. (Ed). Light in Biology and Medicine Vol. 2 (1991), Plenum Press, New York 523-532
69. (In Russian). Sineshchekov O.A. Phototaxis in Microorganisms. Proc. All-Union Conf. "Application of Lasers in Biology" (1983), Moscow Univ. Press, Moscow 91-98
70. (In Russian). Sineshchekov O.A. Phototaxis in microorganisms and its role in photosynthesis regulation. In: Gogotov I.N. (Ed). Phototrophic Microorganisms (1988), Acad. Sci. U.S.S.R., Pushchino 11-18
71. (In Russian). Sineshchekov O.A., and Litvin F.F. The mechanisms of phototaxis in microorganisms. In: Rubin A.B. (Ed). Molecular Mechanisms of Biological Action of Optical Radiation (1988), Nauka, Moscow 412-427
72. Rüffer U., and Nultsch W. Flagellar photoresponses of Chlamydomonas cells held on micropipettes: I. Change in flagellar beat frequency. Cell Motil. and Cytoskeleton 15 (1990) 162-167
73. Rüffer U., and Nultsch W. Flagellar photoresponses of Chlamydomonas cells held on micropipettes: II. Change in flagellar beat pattern. Cell Motil. and Cytoskeleton 18 (1991) 269-278
74. Hegemann P., and Marwan W. Single photons are sufficient to trigger movement responses in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Photochem. Photobiol. 48 (1988) 99-106
75. Matsuda A., Yoshimura K., Sineshchekov O.A., Hirono M., and Kamiya R. Isolation and characterization of novel mutants of Chlamydomonas that display phototaxis but not photophobic response. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 41 (1998) 353-362
76. (In Russian). Sineshchekov O.A., Sudnitsin V.V., and Litvin F.F. Periodic electrical activity in a unicellular flagellated alga and its possible relation to klinophotokinesis. Biofizika 29 (1984) 643-648
77. Harz H., Nonnengässer C., and Hegemann P. The photoreceptor current in the green alga Chlamydomonas. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B 338 (1992) 39-52
78. Nonnengässer A., Holland E.-M., Harz H., and Hegemann P. The nature of rhodopsin-triggered photocurrents in Chlamydomonas. II. Influence of monovalent cations. Biophys. J. 70 (1996) 932-938
79. Govorunova E.G., Sineshchekov O.A., and Hegemann P. Desensitization and dark recovery of the photoreceptor current in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Physiol. 115 (1997) 633-642
80. Cone R.A., and Pak W.L. The early receptor potential. In: Loewenstein W.R. (Ed). Handbook of Sensory Physiology Vol. 1 (1971), Springer Verlag, Berlin 345-365
81. Stavenga D.G. Short wavelength light in invertebrate visual sense cell: pigments, potentials and problems. In: Senger H. (Ed). The Blue Light Syndrome (1980), Springer Verlag, Berlin 5-24
82. Hartmann K.M. Action spectroscopy. In: Hoppe W., Lohmann W., Markl H., and Ziegler H. (Eds). Biophysics (1983), Springer Verlag, Berlin 115-144
83. Baylor D.A., Lamb T.D., and Yau K.-W. The membrane current of single rod outer segment. J. Physiol. 288 (1979) 589-611
84. Deininger W., Kroeger P., Hegemann U., Lottspeich P., and Hegemann P. Chlamyrhodopsin represents a new type of sensory photoreceptor. EMBO J. 23 (1995) 5849-5858
85. Deininger W., Ebnet E., and Hegemann P. Algal rhodopsins represent a new type of sensory photoreceptors. In: Schmitt R., Hegemann P., and Harris E. (Eds). Proc. 7th Int. Conf. Cell Mol. Biol. Chlamydomonas (1996), Regensburg Univ. Press, Regensburg S30
86. Dumler I.L., Korolkov S.N., Garnovskaya M.N., Parfenova D.V., and Etinghof R.N. The systems of photo- and pheromone signals transduction in unicellular eukaryotes. J. Protein Chem. 8 (1989) 387-389
87. Beckmann M., and Hegemann P. In vitro identification of rhodopsin in the green alga Chlamydomonas. Biochemistry 30 (1991) 3692-3697
88. Kreimer G., Brohnsonn U., and Melkonian M. Isolation and partial characterization of the photoreceptive organelle for phototaxis of a flagellate green alga. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 55 (1991) 318-327
89. Stryer L. Cyclic GMP cascade in vision. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 9 (1986) 87-119
90. 2+ in vertebrate photoreceptor excitation and adaptation. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 54 (1992) 153-175
91. Korolkov S.N., Garnovskaya M.N., Basov A.S., Chunaev A.S., and Dumler I.L. The detection and characterization of G-proteins in the eyespot of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. FEBS Lett. 270 (1990) 132-134
92. P. Hegemann, H. Harz, Photoreception in Chlamydomonas. In: J. Kurjan, B.J. Taylor (Eds), Signal Transduction, Prokaryotic and Simple Eukaryotic Systems (pp. 279-307), Academic Press, London.
93. 2+-modulated protein kinases of a plasma membrane-enriched fraction and isolated eyespot apparatuses of Spermatozopsis similis (Chlorophyceae). Eur. J. Physiol. 30 (1995) 319-330
94. 2+-modulated heteromeric GTPases in the eyespot apparatus of a flagellate green alga. Plant Cell 10 (1998) 91-103
95. Linden L., and Kreimer G. Calcium modulates rapid protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation in isolated eyespot apparatuses of the green alga Spermatozopsis similis. Planta 197 (1995) 343-351
96. Hegemann P., Neumeier K., Hegemann U., and Kuehnle E. The role of calcium in Chlamydomonas photomovement responses as analyzed by calcium channel inhibitors. Photochem. Photobiol. 52 (1990) 575-583
97. Stavis R.L. The effect of azide on phototaxis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71 (1974) 1824-1827
98. Nultsch W. Effect of external factors on phototaxis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. III. Cations. Arch. Microbiol. 123 (1979) 93-99
99. Dolle R., Pfau J., and Nultsch W. Role of calcium ions in motility and phototaxis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J. Plant Physiol. 126 (1987) 467-473
100. Nultsch W., Pfau J., and Dolle R. Effects of calcium channel blockers on phototaxis and motility of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Arch. Microbiol. 144 (1986) 393-397
101. Horst C.J., and Witman G.B. Ptx1, a nonphototactic mutant of Chlamydomonas, lacks control of flagellar dominance. J. Cell Biol. 120 (1993) 733-741
102. Rüffer U., and Nultsch W. Flagellar photoresponses of ptx1, a nonphototactic mutant of Chlamydomonas. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 37 (1997) 111-119
103. King S.J., and Dutcher S.K. Phosphoregulation of an inner dynein arm complex in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is altered in phototactic mutant strains. J. Cell Biol. 136 (1997) 177-191
104. Great Britain. Nultsch W. The photocontrol of movement of Chlamydomonas. In: Cosens D.J., and Vince-Price D. (Eds). Soc. Exp. Biol. Symp. XXXVI (1983) 521-539
105. Melkonian M. Structure and significance of cruciate flagellar root systems in green algae: comparative investigations in species of Chlorosarcinopsis (Chlorosarcinales). Plant Syst. Evol. 130 (1978) 265-292
106. Lunevsky V.Z., Zherelova O.M., Vostrikov I.Y., and Berestovsky G.N. Excitation of Characeae cell membranes as a result of activation of calcium and chloride channels. J. Membrane Biol. 72 (1983) 43-58
107. Hyams J.S., and Borisy G.C. Isolated flagellar apparatus of Chlamydomonas: characterization of forward swimming and alteration of waveform and reversal of motion by calcium ions in vitro. J. Cell Sci. 33 (1978) 235-253
108. Segal R.A., Huang B., Ramanis Z., and Luck D.J.L. Mutant strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that move backwards only. J. Cell Biol. 98 (1984) 2026-2034
109. 2+-dependent photophobic response. J. Cell Biol. 101 (1985) 1702-1712
110. Eckert R., and Brehm P. Ionic mechanisms of excitation in Paramecium. Ann. Rev. Biophys. Bioenerg. 8 (1979) 353-383
111. Takahashi T., Tomioka H., Nakamori Y., Kamo N., and Kobatake Y. Phototaxis and the second sensory pigment in Halobacterium halobium. In: Kobayashi T. (Ed). Primary Processes in Photobiology (1987), Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg 101-108
112. Takahashi T., Yan B., Mazur P., Derguini F., Nakanishi K., and Spudich J.L. Color regulation in the archaebacterial phototaxis receptor phoborhodopsin (sensory rhodopsin II). Biochemistry 29 (1990) 8467-8474
113. Bogomolni R., and Spudich J.L. Identification of a third rhodopsin-like pigment in phototactic Halobacterium halobium. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79 (1982) 6250-6254
114. (In Russian). Sineshchekov O.A., Govorunova E.G., and Litvin F.F. The rhodopsin-like photoreceptor in Haematococcus: hydroxylamine effect on photoelectric responses and phototaxis of cells. Sensornie Systemi 5 (1991) 51-55
115. Yoshimura K. Chromophore orientation in the photoreceptor of Chlamydomonas as probed by stimulation with polarized light. Photochem. Photobiol. 60 (1994) 594-597
116. Wald G., Braun P.K., and Gibbons I.R. The problem of visual excitation. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 53 (1963) 20-35
117. Heyn M.P., Cherry R.J., and Mueller U. Transient and linear dichroism studies on bacteriorhodopsin: determination of the orientation of the 568 nm all-trans retinal chromophore. J. Mol. Biol. 117 (1977) 607-620
118. Foster K.-W., and Saranak J. Rhodopsin activation: a novel view suggested by in vivo Chlamydomonas experiments. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 110 (1988) 6589-6591
119. Foster K.-W., Saranak J., Derguini F., Zarrilli G.R., Johnson R., Okabe M., and Nakanishi K. Activation of Chlamydomonas rhodopsin in vivo does not require isomerization of retinal. Biochemistry 28 (1989) 819-824
120. Foster K.-W., Saranak J., and Dowben P.A. Spectral sensitivity, structure and activation of eukaryotic rhodopsins: activation spectroscopy of rhodopsin analogs in Chlamydomonas. J. Photochem. Photobiol., B: Biol. 8 (1991) 385-408
121. Lawson M.A., Zacks D.N., Derguini F., Nakanishi K., and Spudich D.L. Retinal analog restoration of photophobic responses in a blind Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant. Biophys. J. 60 (1991) 1490-1498
122. Hegemann P., Gärtner W., and Uhl R. All-trans retinal constitutes the functional chromophore in Chlamydomonas rhodospin. Biophys. J. 60 (1991) 1477-1489
123. Nakanishi K., and Crouch R. Application of artificial pigments to structure determination and study of photoinduced transformations of retinal proteins. Isr. J. Chem. 35 (1995) 253-272
124. Spudich J.L., Zacks D., and Bogomolni R. Microbial sensory rhodopsins: photochemistry and function. Isr. J. Chem. 35 (1995) 495-513
125. Hegemann P. Vision in microalgae. Planta 203 (1997) 265-274
126. Der A., Toth-Boconadi R., and Keszthelyi L. Electric currents evoked by double-flash excitation of the phototactic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 38 (1997) 76-80
127. Sager H., and Palade G.E. Chloroplast structure in green and yellow strains of Chlamydomonas. Exp. Cell Res. 7 (1954) 584-588
128. Lawson M.A., and Satir P. Characterization of the eyespot regions of "blind" Chlamydomonas mutants after restoration of photophobic responses. J. Euk. Microbiol. 41 (1994) 593-601
129. Shropshire Jr. W. The lens effect and phototropism of Phycomyces. J. Gen. Physiol. 45 (1962) 949-958
130. Nultsch W., and Häder D.-P. Photomovement in motile microorganisms. Photochem. Photobiol. 29 (1979) 423-437
131. Nultsch W., and Häder D.-P. Photomovement in motile microorganisms. II. Photochem. Photobiol. 47 (1988) 837-869
132. Häder D.-P. Signal perception and amplification in photomovement of prokaryotes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 864 (1986) 107-122
133. Halldal P. Action spectra of induced phototactic response changes in Platymonas. Physiol. Plant. 13 (1960) 726-735
134. Mayer A.M. Chlamydomonas: adaptation phenomena in phototaxis. Nature 217 (1968) 875-876
135. Marbach I., and Mayer A.M. Direction of phototaxis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and its relation to cell metabolism. Phycologia 9 (1970) 255-260
136. Uhl R., and Hegemann P. Adaptation in Chlamydomonas phototaxis. I. A light scattering apparatus for measuring the phototactic rate of microorganisms with high time resolution. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton. 15 (1990) 230-244
137. Morel-Laurens N. Calcium control of phototactic orientation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: sign and strength of response. Photochem. Photobiol. 45 (1987) 119-128
138. Sakaguchi H., and Tawada K. Temperature effect on the photoaccumulation and photophobic response of Volvox aureus. J. Protozool. 24 (1977) 284-288
139. Takahashi T., Kubota M., Watanabe M., Yoshihara K., Derguini F., and Nakanishi K. Diversion of the sign of phototaxis in a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant incorporated with retinal and its analogs. FEBS Lett. 314 (1992) 275-279
140. Witman G.B. Chlamydomonas phototaxis. Trends Cell Biol. 3 (1993) 403-408
141. Schaller K., David R., and Uhl R. How Chlamydomonas keeps track of the light once it has reached the right phototactic orientation. Biophys. J. 73 (1997) 1562-1572
142. Takahashi T., and Watanabe M. Photosynthesis modulates the sign of phototaxis of wild-type Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. FEBS Lett. 336 (1993) 516-520
143. (In Russian). Sineshchekov O.A., and Govorunova E.G. Rhythmic motion activity of unicellular flagellated algae and its role in phototaxis. Biofizika 36 (1991) 603-608
144. (In Russian). Sudnitsin V.V., Sineshchekov O.A., and Litvin F.F. Influence of light and electrical current on the impulses of periodic activity in a unicellular flagellated alga. Biofizika 29 (1984) 842-844
145. (In Russian). Sudnitsin V.V., Sineshchekov O.A., Boichenko V.A., and Litvin F.F. Role of photosystem I of photosynthesis in regulation of the rhythm of periodic activity in a phytoflagellate. Biofizika 31 (1986) 430-433
146. (In Russian). Sudnitsin V.V., Sineshchekov O.A., and Litvin F.F. Connection of rhythmic activity in the flagellate Haematococcus pluvialis with respiration. Biofizika 31 (1986) 530-531
147. (In Russian). Sineshchekov O.A., Sudnitsin V.V., and Litvin F.F. Periodic micromovements in protoplast of unicellular flagellate Haematococcus pluvialis. Biofizika 33 (1988) 370-371