Luminescent Ruthenium Polypyridyl Complexes Containing Pendant Pyridinium Acceptors

Inorganic Chemistry

Volumn 35, Issue 12, 1996, Pages 3719-3722

  Berg Brennan, Christine ^a   Subramanian, P ^a   Absi, Michelle ^a   Stern, Charlotte ^a   Hupp, Joseph T ^a  

^a NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000591832     PISSN: 00201669     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ic951040k     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Representative recent reports: (a) Kim, Y. I.; Mallouk, T. E. J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 2879. (b) Rillema, D. P.; Edwards, A. K.; Perine, S. C.; Crumbliss, A. L. Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 4421.
2. Representative recent reports: (a) Kim, Y. I.; Mallouk, T. E. J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 2879. (b) Rillema, D. P.; Edwards, A. K.; Perine, S. C.; Crumbliss, A. L. Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 4421.
3. For reviews, see: (a) Balzani, V.; Scandola, F. Supramolecular Photohemistry; Ellis Horwood: Chichester, England, 1991. (b) Meyer, T. J. Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 163. (c) Wasielewski, M. R. Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 435. (d) Gust, D.; Moore, T. A. In Advances in Photochemistry, Vol. 16; Volman, D. H., Hammond, G. S., Neckers, D. C., Eds.; Wiley-Interscience: New York, 1991; pp 1-65.
4. For reviews, see: (a) Balzani, V.; Scandola, F. Supramolecular Photohemistry; Ellis Horwood: Chichester, England, 1991. (b) Meyer, T. J. Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 163. (c) Wasielewski, M. R. Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 435. (d) Gust, D.; Moore, T. A. In Advances in Photochemistry, Vol. 16; Volman, D. H., Hammond, G. S., Neckers, D. C., Eds.; Wiley-Interscience: New York, 1991; pp 1-65.
5. For reviews, see: (a) Balzani, V.; Scandola, F. Supramolecular Photohemistry; Ellis Horwood: Chichester, England, 1991. (b) Meyer, T. J. Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 163. (c) Wasielewski, M. R. Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 435. (d) Gust, D.; Moore, T. A. In Advances in Photochemistry, Vol. 16; Volman, D. H., Hammond, G. S., Neckers, D. C., Eds.; Wiley-Interscience: New York, 1991; pp 1-65.
6. For reviews, see: (a) Balzani, V.; Scandola, F. Supramolecular Photohemistry; Ellis Horwood: Chichester, England, 1991. (b) Meyer, T. J. Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 163. (c) Wasielewski, M. R. Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 435. (d) Gust, D.; Moore, T. A. In Advances in Photochemistry, Vol. 16; Volman, D. H., Hammond, G. S., Neckers, D. C., Eds.; Wiley-Interscience: New York, 1991; pp 1-65.
7. Representative work: (a) Bock, C. R.; Connor, J. A.; Gutierrez, A. R.; Meyer, T. J.; Whitten, D. G.; Sullivan, B. P.; Nagle, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 4815. (b) Sun, H.; Yoshima, A.; Hoffman, M. Z. J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 5058.
8. Representative work: (a) Bock, C. R.; Connor, J. A.; Gutierrez, A. R.; Meyer, T. J.; Whitten, D. G.; Sullivan, B. P.; Nagle, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 4815. (b) Sun, H.; Yoshima, A.; Hoffman, M. Z. J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 5058.
9. See, for example: (a) Ryu, C. K.; Wang, R.; Schmehl, R. H.; Ferrere, S.; Ludikow, M.; Merkert, J. W.; Headford, C. E. L.; Elliott, C. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 430. (b) Yonemoto, E. H.; Riley, R. L.; Kim, Y. I.; Atherton, S. J.; Schmehl, R. H.; Mallouk, T. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 8081. (c) Opperman, K. A.; Mecklenburg, S. L.; Meyer, T. J. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 5295. (d) Zahavy, E.; Seiler, M.; Marx-Tibbon, S.; Joselivich, E.; Willner, W.; Durr, H.; O'Conner, D.; Harriman, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1005.
10. See, for example: (a) Ryu, C. K.; Wang, R.; Schmehl, R. H.; Ferrere, S.; Ludikow, M.; Merkert, J. W.; Headford, C. E. L.; Elliott, C. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 430. (b) Yonemoto, E. H.; Riley, R. L.; Kim, Y. I.; Atherton, S. J.; Schmehl, R. H.; Mallouk, T. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 8081. (c) Opperman, K. A.; Mecklenburg, S. L.; Meyer, T. J. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 5295. (d) Zahavy, E.; Seiler, M.; Marx-Tibbon, S.; Joselivich, E.; Willner, W.; Durr, H.; O'Conner, D.; Harriman, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1005.
11. See, for example: (a) Ryu, C. K.; Wang, R.; Schmehl, R. H.; Ferrere, S.; Ludikow, M.; Merkert, J. W.; Headford, C. E. L.; Elliott, C. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 430. (b) Yonemoto, E. H.; Riley, R. L.; Kim, Y. I.; Atherton, S. J.; Schmehl, R. H.; Mallouk, T. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 8081. (c) Opperman, K. A.; Mecklenburg, S. L.; Meyer, T. J. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 5295. (d) Zahavy, E.; Seiler, M.; Marx-Tibbon, S.; Joselivich, E.; Willner, W.; Durr, H.; O'Conner, D.; Harriman, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1005.
12. See, for example: (a) Ryu, C. K.; Wang, R.; Schmehl, R. H.; Ferrere, S.; Ludikow, M.; Merkert, J. W.; Headford, C. E. L.; Elliott, C. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 430. (b) Yonemoto, E. H.; Riley, R. L.; Kim, Y. I.; Atherton, S. J.; Schmehl, R. H.; Mallouk, T. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 8081. (c) Opperman, K. A.; Mecklenburg, S. L.; Meyer, T. J. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 5295. (d) Zahavy, E.; Seiler, M.; Marx-Tibbon, S.; Joselivich, E.; Willner, W.; Durr, H.; O'Conner, D.; Harriman, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1005.
13. (a) Fussa-Rydel, O.; Hupp, J. T. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1988, 251, 417.
14. (b) Zhang, H.-T.; Subramanian, P.; Fussa-Rydel, O.; Bebel, J. C.; Hupp, J. T. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 1992, 25, 315.
15. (c) Zhang, H.-T.; Yan, S. G.; Subramanian, P.; Stern, C.; Skeens-Jones, L. M.; Hupp, J. T. J. Electroanal. Chem., in press.
16. Braddock, J. N.; Meyer, T. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 3158.
17. 3 (calc, 7.67%; found, 6.39%). In all other respects this compound behaved normally.
18. Kalyanasundarum, K. Photochemistry of Polypyridine and Porphyrin Complexes; Academic Press: London, 1992.
19. nr includes contributions from both conventional nonradiative decay and intersystem crossing (d-d state) decay pathways.
20. A reviewer has pointed out the apparent decreases in radiative decay rate constant following chromophore derivatization (see Table 2) might instead be indicative of inefficient "singlet" to "triplet" excited-state interconversion.
21. 2+* in acetonitrile (Kober, E. M.; Sullivan, B. P.; Meyer, T. J. Inorg. Chem. 1984, 23, 2098).
22. An equivalent alternative view would emphasize electrostatic stabilization of the bpy (phen) anion/pyridinium cation reactant pair versus the corresponding neutral bpy (phen)/neutral pyridine radical product pair.
23. 16 Note that this is more negative than the excited-state oxidation potential for either of the free chromophores, implying that bimolecular quenching is unlikely to occur. Replacement of methyl by benzyl, however, should shift the quencher potential in the positive direction by ca. 0.1 V (see: Loung; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 5790) and render the ET reactants and products approximately isoenergetic. The degree of thermodynamic accessibility (or inaccessibility) of the bimolecular analog of the intramolecular quenching reaction depends, therefore, on the choice of model compound for Q. Given the ambiguity, we have represented the bimolecular reaction as a slightly endergonic process in Figure 3.
24. (a) Allsopp, S. R.; Cox, A.; Kemp, T. J.; Reed, W. J. J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1 1977, 1275.
25. (b) Van Houten, J.; Watts, R. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 4853.
26. (c) Van Houten, J.; Watts, R. Inorg. Chem. 1978, 17, 3381.
27. (d) Durham, B.; Caspar, J. V.; Nagle, J. K.; Meyer, T. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 4803.
28. (e) Caspar, J. V.; Meyer, T. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 5583.
29. (f) Rillema, D. P.; Blanton, C. B.; Shaver, R. J.; Jackman, D. C.; Boldaji, M.; Bundy, S.; Worl, L. A.; Meyer, T. J. Inorg. Chem. 1992, 31, 3230.
30. See, for example: Chen, P.; Curry, M.; Meyer, T. J. Inorg. Chem. 1990, 29, 2293.
31. Strouse, G. F.; Schoonover, J. R.; Duesing, R.; Boyde, S.; Jones, W. E.; Meyer, T. J. Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 473.
32. We thank the reviewers for drawing our attention to ref 15 and for suggesting we consider these alternative explanations.