Origin, injection, and acceleration of CIR particles: Observations: Report of Working Group 6

Space Science Reviews

Volumn 89, Issue 1-2, 1999, Pages 327-367

  Mason, G M ^a   Von Steiger, R ^b   Decker, R B ^c   Desai, M I ^a   Dwyer, J R ^a   Fisk, L A ^d   Gloeckler, G ^a,d   Gosling, J T ^e   Hilchenbach, M ^f   Kallenbach, R ^b   Keppler, E ^f   Klecker, B ^g   Kunow, H ^h   Mann, G ⁱ   Richardson, I G ^a,j   Sanderson, T R ^k   Simnett, G M ^l   Wang, Y M ^m   Wimmer Schweingruber, R F ⁿ   Franz M ^o   Mazur, J E ^p   more..

^a Bldg 142   (United States)

^b INTERNATIONAL SPACE SCIENCE INSTITUTE   (Switzerland)

^c JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^e LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^f MAX PLANCK INSTITUT FÜR SONNENSYSTEMFORSCHUNG   (Germany)

^g MAX PLANCK INSTITUT FÜR EXTRATERRESTRISCHE PHYSIK   (Germany)

^h UNIVERSITY OF KIEL   (Germany)

ⁱ ASTROPHYSIKALISCHES INSTITUT POTSDAM   (Germany)

^j NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^k EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY   (Netherlands)

^l UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^m NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

ⁿ UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

^o QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^p AEROSPACE CORPORATION   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000568780     PISSN: 00386308     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/a:1005278214143     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Balogh, A., Beek, T. J., Forsyth, R. J., Hedgecock, P. C., Marquedant, R. J., Smith, E. J., Southwood, D. J., and Tsurutani, B. T.: 1992, 'The Magnetic Field Investigation on the Ulysses Mission: Instrumentation and Preliminary Scientific Results', Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 92, 221-236.
2. Balogh, A., Gonzalez-Esparza, J. A., Forsyth, R. J., Burton, M. F., Goldstein, B. E., Smith, E. J., and Bame, S. J.: 1995, 'Interplanetary Shock Waves: Ulysses Observations in and out of the Ecliptic Plane', Space Sci. Rev. 72, 171-180.
3. Bame, S. J., McComas, D. J., Barraclough, B. I., Phillips, J. L., Sofaly, K. J., Chaves, J. C., Goldstein, B. E., and Sakurai, R. K.: 1992, 'The Ulysses Solar Wind Plasma Experiment', Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 92, 237-265.
4. Bame, S. J., Goldstein, B. E., Gosling, J. T., Harvey, J. W., McComas, D. J., Neugebauer, M., and Phillips, J. L.: 1993, 'Ulysses Observations of a Recurrent High Speed Solar Wind Stream and the Heliomagnetic Streamer Belt', Geophys. Res. Letters 20, 2323-2326.
5. Barnes, C. W., and Simpson, J. A.: 1976, 'Evidence for Interplanetary Acceleration of Nucleons in Corotating Interaction Regions', Astrophys. J. 210, L91-L96.
6. 2+ in Corotating Interaction Regions at 1 AU', Ph.D. thesis, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
7. + in CIRs at 1 AU', J. Geophys. Res., in press.
8. Classen, H.-T., Mann, G., and Keppler, K.: 1998, 'Particle Acceleration Efficiency and MHD Characteristics of CIR-Related Shocks', Astron. Astrophys. 335, 1101-1110.
9. Crooker, N. U., Gosling, J. T., Bothmer, V., Forsyth, R. J., Gazis, P. R., Hewish, A., Horbury, T. S., Intriligator, D. S., Jokipii, J. R., Kóta, J., Lazarus, A. J., Lee, M. A., Lucek, E., Marsch, E., Posner, A., Richardson, I. G., Roelof, E. C., Schmidt, J. M., Siscoe, G. L., Tsurutani, B. T., and Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F.: 1999, 'CIR Morphology, Turbulence, Discontinuities, and Energetic Particles', Space Sci. Rev., this volume, 179-220.
10. Decker, R. B., Pesses, M. E., and Krimigis, S. M.: 1981, 'Shock-Associated Low Energy Ion Enhancements Observed by Voyagers 1 and 2', J. Geophys. Res. 86, 8,819-8,831.
11. Decker, R. B., Krimigis, S. M., McNutt, R. L., Hamilton, D. C., and Collier, M. R.: 1995, 'Latitude-Associated Differences in the Low Energy Charged Particle Activity at Voyagers 1 and 2 during 1991 to Early 1994', Space Sci. Rev. 72, 347-352.
12. Desai, M. I., Marsden, R. G., Sanderson, T. R., Balogh, A., Forsyth, R. J., and Gosling, J. T.: 1997, 'Particle Acceleration at Corotating Reverse Shocks in the Southern Hemisphere: Ulysses Results', Geophys. Res. Lett. 24, 1155-1158.
13. Desai, M. I., Marsden, R. G., Sanderson, T. R., Balogh, A., Forsyth, R. J., and Gosling, J. T.: 1998, 'Particle Acceleration at Corotating Interaction Regions in the Three-Dimensional Heliosphere', J. Geophys. Res. 103, 2,003-2,014.
14. Desai, M. I., Marsden, R. G., Sanderson, T. R., Lario, D., Roelof, E. C., Simnett, G. M., Gosling, J. T., Balogh, A., and Forsyth, R. J.: 1999, 'Energy Spectra of 50-keV to 20-MeV Protons Accelerated at Corotating Interaction Regions at Ulysses', J. Geophys. Res. 104, 6,705-6,719.
15. Dwyer, J. R., Mason, G. M., Mazur, J. E., Jokipii, J. R., von Rosenvinge, T. T., and Lepping, R. P.: 1999, 'Perpendicular Transport of Low Energy Corotating Interaction Region-Associated Nuclei', Astrophys. J. 490, L115-L118.
16. Edmiston, J. P., and Kennel, C. F.: 1984, 'A Parametric Survey of First Critical Mach Number for a Fast MHD shock', J. Plasma Phys. 32, 411.
17. Fisk, L. A.: 1996, 'Motion of the Footpoints of Heliospheric Magnetic Field Lines at the Sun: Implications for Recurrent Energetic Particle Events at High Heliographic Latitudes', J. Geophys. Res. 101, 15,547-15,553.
18. Fisk, L. A., and Lee, M. A.: 1980, 'Shock Acceleration of Energetic Particles in Corotating Interaction Regions in the Solar Wind', Astrophys. J. 237, 620-626.
19. Fisk, L. A., and Jokipii, J. R.: 1999, 'Mechanisms for Latitudinal Transport of Energetic Particles in the Heliosphere', Space Sci. Rev., this volume, 115-124.
20. Fränz, M., Keppler, E., Lauth, U., Reuss, M. K., Mason, G. M., and Mazur, J. E.: 1999, 'Energetic Particle Abundances at CIR Shocks', Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 17-20.
21. Gazis, P., McDonald, F. B., Burger, R. A., Chalov, S., Decker, R. B., Dwyer, J., Intriligator, D. S., Jokipii, J. R., Lazarus, A. J., Mason, G. M., Pizzo, V. J., Potgieter, M. S., Richardson, I. G., and Lanzerotti, L. J.: 1999, 'Corotating Interaction Regions in the Outer Heliosphere', Space Sci. Rev., this volume, 269-305.
22. Geiss, J., and Witte, M.: 1996, 'Properties of the Interstellar Gas Inside the Heliosphere', Space Sci. Rev. 78, 229-238.
23. Gloeckler, G.: 1999, 'Observation of Injection and Pre-Acceleration Processes in the Slow Solar Wind', Space Sci. Rev., this volume, 91-104.
24. Gloeckler, G., and Geiss, J.: 1998, 'Interstellar and Inner Source Pickup Ions Observed with SWICS on Ulysses', Space Sci. Rev. 86, 127-159.
25. Gloeckler, G. et al.: 1992, 'The Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer', Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 92, 267-289.
26. Gloeckler, G., Geiss, J., Roelof, E. C., Fisk, L. A., Ipavich, F. M., Ogilvie, K. W., Lanzerotti, L. J., von Steiger, R., and Wilken, B.: 1994, 'Acceleration of Interstellar Pickup Ions in the Disturbed Solar Wind Observed on Ulysses', J. Geophys. Res. 99, 17,637-17,643.
27. Gloeckler, G. et al.: 1995, 'The Solar Wind and Suprathermal Ion Composition Investigation on the WIND Spacecraft', Space Sci. Rev. 71, 79-124.
28. Gloeckler, G., Fisk, L. A., and Geiss, J.: 1997, 'Anomalously Small Magnetic Field in the Local Interstellar Cloud', Nature 386, 374-377.
29. Gold, R. E., Lanzerotti, L. J., Maclennan, C. G., and Krimigis, S. M.: 1986, 'Latitude Dependence of Corotating Shock Acceleration in the Outer Heliosphere', in R. G. Marsden and D. Reidel (eds.), The Sun and the Heliosphere in Three Dimensions, Hingham, Mass. p. 325.
30. Gold, R. E., Decker, R. B., Lanzerotti, L. J., and Maclennan, C. G.: 1988, 'The Latitude and Radial Dependence of Shock Acceleration in the Heliosphere', J. Geophys. Res. 93, 991-996.
31. nd Internat. Cosmic Ray Conf. 3, 605-608.
32. Gosling, J. T., and Robson, A. E..: 1985, 'Ion Reflection, Gyration, and Dissipation at Supercritical Shocks', in R. G. Stone and B. T. Tsurutani (eds.), Collisionless Shocks in the Heliosphere: A Tutorial Review, AGU Monograph 35, Washington DC, pp. 141-151.
33. Gosling, J. T., Thomsen, M. F., Bame, S. J., Feldman, W. C., Paschmann, G., and Sckopke, N.: 1982, 'Evidence for Specularly Reflected Ions Upstream from Quasi-parallel Bow Shock', Geophys. Res. Lett. 9, 1333-1337.
34. Gosling, J. T., Bame, S. J., Feldman, W. C., McComas, D. J., Phillips, J. L., and Goldstein, B. E.: 1993a, 'Counterstreaming Suprathermal Electron Events Upstream of Corotating Shocks in the Solar Wind beyond ∼2 AU: Ulysses', Geophys. Res. Lett. 20, 2335-2338.
35. Gosling, J. T., Bame, S. J., McComas, D. L., Phillips, J. L., Pizzo, V. J., Goldstein, B. E., and Neugebauer, M.: 1993b, 'Latitudinal Variation of Solar Wind Corotating Stream Interaction Regions: Ulysses', Geophys. Res. Lett. 20, 2789-2792.
36. th Internat. Cosmic Ray Conf. 5, 363-367.
37. Hilchenbach, M., Grünwaldt, H., Kucharek, H., Klecker, B., Hovestadt, D., Kallenbach, R., Bochsler, P., Gliem, F, Galvin, A. B., Chotoo, K., and Ipavich, F. M.: 1997, 'Charge State Composition of Energetic Helium as Observed in CIRs at 1 AU with SOHO/CELIAS', Trans. Am. Geophys. U. 78, F554.
38. ++ Abundance Ratios in Energetic Particle Events', Astrophys. J. Lett. 282, L39-L42.
39. Hovestadt, D. et al.: 1995, 'CELIAS: The Charge, Element, and Isotope Analysis System for SOHO', Sol. Phys. 162, 441-481.
40. Hundhausen, A. J., and Gosling, J. T.: 1976, 'Solar Wind Structure at Large Heliospheric Distances: An Interpretation of Pioneer 10 Observations', J. Geophys. Res. 81, 1,436-1,440.
41. Kane, M., Decker, R. B., Mauk, B. H., and Krimigis, S. M.: 1995, 'Latitudinal and Radial Variation of Shock Associated ≥ 30 keV Ion Spectra and Anisotropies at Voyagers I and 2', Space Sci. Rev. 72, 353-358.
42. Kennel, C. F., Edmiston, J. P., and Hada, T.: 1985, 'A Quarter Century of Collisionless Shock Research', in R. G. Stone and B. T. Tsurutani (eds.), Collisionless Shocks in the Heliosphere: A Tutorial Review, AGU Monographs 34, Washington DC, pp. 1-36.
43. Keppler, E., Blake, J. B., Hovestadt, D., Korth, A., Quenby, J., Umlauft, G., and Woch, J.: 1992, 'The Ulysses Energetic Particle Composition Experiment EPAC', Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 92, 317-331.
44. Kóta, J., and Jokipii, J. R.: 1983, 'Effects of Drift on the Transport of Cosmic Rays', Astrophys. J. 265, 573-581.
45. Krimigis, S. M., Armstrong, T. P., Axford, W. I., Bostrom, C. O., Fan, C. Y., Gloeckler, G., and Lanzerotti, L. J.: 1977, 'The Low Energy Charged Particle (LECP) Instrument on the Voyager Spacecraft', Space Sci. Rev. 21, 329-354.
46. th Internat. Cosmic Ray Conf. 1, 393-396.
47. Kunow, H., Lee, M. A., Fisk, L. A., Forsyth, R. J., Heber, B., Horbury, T. S., Keppler, E., Kóta, J., Lou, Y.-Q., McKibben, R. B., Paizis, C., Potgieter, M. S., Roelof, E. C., Sanderson, T. R., Simnett, G. M., von Steiger, R., Tsurutani, B. T., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., and Jokipii, J. R.: 1999, 'Corotating Interaction Regions at High Latitudes', Space Sci. Rev., this volume, 221-268.
48. Lanzerotti, L. J., Venkatesan, D., and Wibberenz, G.: 1973, 'Rise Time to Maximum Flux of Relativistic Solar Electron Events and its Relation to the High-Frequency Component of the Interplanetary Field Power Spectrum', J. Geophys. Res. 78, 7,986-7,995.
49. Lanzerotti, L. J., Gold, R. E., Anderson, K. A., Armstrong, T. P., Lin, R. P., Krimigis, S. M., Pick, M., Roelof, E. C., Sarris, E. T., Simnett, G. M., and Frain, M. E.: 1992, 'Heliospheric Instrument for Spectra, Composition, and Anisotropies at Low Energies', Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 92, 349-363.
50. Lazarus, A., Richardson, J. D., Decker, R. B., and McDonald, F. B.: 1999, 'Voyager 2 Observation of Corotating Interaction Regions (CIRs) in the Outer Heliosphere', Space Sci. Rev., this volume, 53-59.
51. Lepping, R. P. et al.: 1995, 'The Wind Magnetic Field Investigation', Space Sci. Rev. 71, 207-229.
52. Marsden, R. G., Smith, E. J., Cooper, J. F., and Tranquille, C.: 1996, 'Ulysses at High Heliographic Latitudes: An Introduction', Astron. Astrophys. 316, 279-286.
53. Marshall, W.: 1955, 'The Structure of Magnetohydrodynamic Shock Waves', Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 233, 367-372.
54. Mason, G. M., Mazur, J. E., Dwyer, J. R., Reames, D. V., and von Rosenvinge, T. T.: 1997, 'New Spectral and Abundance Features of Interplanetary Heavy Ions in Corotating Interaction Regions', Astrophys. J. 486, 149-L152.
55. Mason, G. M., and Sanderson, T. R.: 1999, 'CIR Associated Energetic Particles in the Inner and Middle Heliosphere', Space Sci. Rev., this volume, 77-90.
56. Ogilvie, K. W. et al.: 1995, SWE, 'A Comprehensive Plasma Instrument for the Wind Spacecraft', Space Sci. Rev. 71, 55-77.
57. Palmer, I. D., and Gosling, J. T.: 1978, 'Shock-Associated Energetic Proton Events at Large Heliocentric Distances', J. Geophys. Res. 83, 2,037-2,046.
58. Priest, E. R.: 1982, 'Solar Magneto-Hydromagnetics', in D. Reidel (ed.), Geophysics and Astrophysics Monographs 21, Dordrecht.
59. Richardson, I. G., Mazur, J. E., and Mason, G. M.: 1998, 'A Comparison of Recurrent Energetic Ion Enhancements Observed at Ulysses and at 1 AU by IMP 8 and SAMPEX: Ulysses Launch until Following the First North Polar Passage', J. Geophys. Res. 103, 2,115-2,129.
60. Riley, P., Gosling, J. T., Weiss, L. A., and Pizzo, V. J.: 1996, 'The Tilts of Corotating Interaction Regions at Midheliographic Latitudes', J. Geophys. Res. 101, 24,349-24,357.
61. Sanderson, T. R., Marsden, R. G., Wenzel, K.-P., Balogh, A., Forsyth, R. J., and Goldstein, B. E.: 1994, 'Ulysses High-Latitude Observations of Ions Accelerated by Corotating Interaction Regions', Geophys. Res. Lett. 21, 1113-1116.
62. Scholer, M., Mann, G., Chalov, S., Desai, M. I., Fisk, L. A., Jokipii, J. R., Kallenbach, R., Keppler, E., Kóta, J., Kunow, H., Lee, M. A., Sanderson, T. R., and Simnett, G. M.: 1999, 'Origin, Injection, and Acceleration of CIR Particles', Space Sci. Rev., this volume, 369-399.
63. Schwadron, N. A., Fisk, L. A., and Gloeckler, G.: 1996, 'Statistical Acceleration of Interstellar Pick-up Ions in Corotating Interaction Regions', Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 2871-2874.
64. Schwartz, S. J., Thomsen, M. F., and Gosling, J. T.: 1983, 'Ions Upstream of the Earth's Bow Shock: A Theoretical Comparison of Alternative Source Population', J. Geophys. Res. 88, 2,039-2,045.
65. Sckopke, N., Paschmann, G., Bame, S. J., Gosling, J. T., and Russell, C. T.: 1983, 'Evolution of Ion Distributions Across the Nearly Perpendicular Bow Shock: Specularly and Nonspecularly Reflected Gyrating Ions', J. Geophys. Res. 88, 6,121-6,131.
66. Simnett, G. M., Sayle, K. A., Roelof, E. C., and Tappin, S. J.: 1994, 'Corotating Particle Enhancements out of the Ecliptic Plane', Geophys. Res. Letters 21, 1561-1564.
67. Simnett, G. M. and Roelof, E. C.: 1997, 'Acceleration and Modulation of Energetic Particles in the 3-D heliosphere by Corotating Interaction Regions', Adv. Space Res. 19, 859-868.
68. Simpson, J. A., Anglin, J. D., Balogh, A., Bercovitch, M., Bouman, J. M., Budzinski, E. E., Burrows, J. R., Carvell, R., Cornell, J. J., and Ducros, R.: 1992, 'The Ulysses Cosmic Ray and Solar Particle Investigation', Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 92, 365-399.
69. Thomsen, M. F., Gosling, J. T., Bame, S. J., and Russell, C. T.: 1985, 'Gyrating Ions and Large-Amplitude, Monochromatic MHD Waves of Earth's Bow Shock', J. Geophys. Res. 90, 267-275.
70. Tsurutani, B. T., Smith, E. J., Pyle, K. R., and Simpson, J. A.: 1982, 'Energetic Protons Accelerated at Corotating Shocks: Pioneer 10 and 11 Observations from 1 to 6 AU', J. Geophys. Res. 87, 7,389-7,404.
71. von Rosenvinge, T. T. et al.: 1995, 'The Energetic Particles Acceleration, Composition, and Transport (EPACT) Investigation on the WIND Spacecraft', Space. Sci. Rev. 71, 155-206.
72. von Steiger, R., Geiss, J., and Gloeckler, G.: 1997, 'Composition of the Solar Wind', in J. R. Jokipii, C. P. Sonnett, and M. S. Giampapa (eds.), Cosmic Winds and the Heliosphere, Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp. 581-616.
73. Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., von Steiger, R., and Paerli, R.: 1997, 'Solar Wind Stream Interfaces in Corotating Interaction Regions: SWICS/Ulysses Results', J. Geophys. Res. 102, 17,407-17,417.