Chiral Self-Assembly of Nanotubules and Ribbons from Phospholipid Mixtures

Nano Letters

Volumn 1, Issue 7, 2001, Pages 375-378

  Spector, Mark S ^a   Singh, Alok ^a   Messersmith, Phillip B ^b   Schnur, Joel M ^a  

^a NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^b Northwestern University   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000548509     PISSN: 15306984     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/nl015554u     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. Schnur, J. M. Science 1993, 262, 1669-1676.
2. Yamada, K.; Ihara, H.; Ide, T.; Fukumoto, T.; Hirayama, C. Chem. Lett. 1984, 1713-1716.
3. Nakashima, N.; Asakuma, S.; Kunitake, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 509-510.
4. Fuhrhop, J. H.; Schnieder, P.; Rosenberg, J.; Boekema, E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 3387-3390.
5. Yager, P.; Schoen P. E. Mol Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1984, 106, 371-381.
6. Georger, J. H.; Singh, A.; Price, R. R.; Schnur, J. M.; Yager, P.; Schoen, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 6169-6175.
7. Selinger, J. V.; MacKintosh, F. C.; Schnur, J. M. Phys. Rev. E 1996, 53, 3804-3818.
8. Selinger, J. V.; Spector, M. S.; Schnur, J. M. J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, in press.
9. Schnur, J. M.; Ratna, B. R.; Selinger, J. V.; Singh, A.; Jyothi, G.; Easwaran, K. R. K. Science 1994, 264, 945-947.
10. Spector, M. S.; Easwaran, K. R. K.; Jyothi, G.; Selinger, J. V.; Singh, A.; Schnur, J. M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1996, 93, 12943-12946.
11. Kunitake, T.; Nakashima, N.; Shimomura, M.; Okahata, Y.; Kano, K.; Ogawa, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 6642-6644.
12. Singh, A.; Gaber, B. P. In Applied Bioactive Polymeric Materials; Gebelein, C. G., Carraher, C. E., Forster, V. R., Eds.; Plenum Press: New York, 1988; pp 239-249.
13. Markowitz, M. A.; Chang, E. L.; Singh, A. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1994, 203, 296-305.
14. Svenson, S.; Messersmith, P. B. Langmuir 1999, 15, 4464-4471.
15. Browning, S. L.; Lodge, J.; Price, R. R.; Schelleng, J.; Schoen, P. E.; Zabetakis, D. J. Appl. Phys. 1998, 84, 6109-6113.
16. Lvov, Y. M.; Price, R. R.; Selinger, J. V.; Singh, A.; Spector, M. S.; Schnur, J. M. Langmuir 2000, 16, 5932-5935.
17. Stained samples for transmission electron microscopy were prepared by drying the suspension on a carbon-coated Formvar grid and then negatively staining with 1% uranyl acetate. Freeze-fracture samples were rapidly frozen by slamming them against a copper plate at -150 °C (Gentleman Jim). Fracture and deep etching were performed on a Cressington CFE 40. Electron microscopy was performed on a Zeiss EM-10C or a JEOL 120 CX. Circular dichroism studies were carried out on a Jasco J-720 spectropolarimeter. Samples were removed from the refrigerator and immediately placed in a water-jacketed quartz cell (0.5 mm path length) that had been precooled to 4 °C by a water circulator (Neslab). Spectra were recorded every 0.5 °C while heating at a rate of 4 °C/hour. A 400 MHz, Bruker DRX-400 spectrometer was used to record the NMR spectra. The ratio of lipids was determined by comparing the number of terminal methyl protons (δ0.88 ppm, triplet) from both lipids to the total number of methylene protons in the a-position to the diacetylenic group (δ2.27 ppm, multiplet). In an equimolar mixture, this ratio should be 12:16.
18. Harada, N.; Nakanishi, K. Circular Dichroic Spectroscopy: Exciting Coupling in Organic Stereochemistry; University Science Books: Mill Valley, 1983.
19. Oda, R.; Hue, I.; Schmutz, M.; Candau, S. J.; MacKintosh, F. C. Nature 1999, 399, 566-569.