Does the Transactional - Transformational Leadership Paradigm Transcend Organizational and National Boundaries?

American Psychologist

Volumn 52, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 130-139

  Bass, Bernard M ^a  

^a BINGHAMTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000514320     PISSN: 0003066X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0003-066X.52.2.130     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Adler, N. J. (1984). Understanding ways of understanding: Cross-cultural management methodology reviewed. Advances in International Comparative Management, 1, 31-67.
2. Al-Anazi, F. B. (1993). The relationship between new leadership styles and organization: An empirical investigation of transformational and transactional leadership. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England.
3. Aparo, A. (1993). Multidimensional management. Isvor Notizie, VII(17), 6-8.
4. Arnold, J. W. (1990). A comparison of home care nursing supervisors' self-described leadership styles and staff nurses' descriptions of the supervisors' leadership styles. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Akron.
5. Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (1990). The Full Range of Leadership Development: Basic/advanced manuals. Binghamton, NY: Bass/ Avolio and Associates.
6. Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (1994). Evaluate the impact of the Full Range of Leadership Training: Final report to the Kellogg Foundation. Binghamton: State University of New York at Binghamton, Center for Leadership Studies.
7. Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (1995). Team leadership, team development and effectiveness: Final report to the Eisenhower Fund. Binghamton: State University of New York at Binghamton, Center for Leadership Studies.
8. Avolio, B. J., Bass, B. M., & Jung, D. I. (1996). Replicated confirmatory factor analyses of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (Form 5X; Rev.; CLS Tech. Rep. No. 96-1). Binghamton: State University of New York at Binghamton, Center for Leadership Studies.
9. Avolio, B. J., Waldman, D. A., & Einstein, W. O. (1988). Transformational leadership in a management game simulation. Group and Organization Studies, 13, 59-80.
10. Badran M., & Hinings, B. (1981). Strategies of administrative control and contextual constraints in a less-developed country: The case of Egyptian public enterprise. Group and Organization Studies, 2, 3-21.
11. Bass, B. M. (1960). Leadership, psychology and organizational behavior. New York: Harper.
12. Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: Free Press.
13. Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass and Stogdill's handbook of leadership: Theory, research and management applications (3rd ed.). New York: Free Press.
14. Bass, B. M. (1996). A new paradigm of leadership: An inquiry into transformational leadership. Washington, DC: U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences.
15. Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1989). Potential biases in leadership measures: How prototypes, leniency, and general satisfaction relate to ratings and rankings of transformational and transactional leadership constructs. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 49, 509-527.
16. Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1990). Training and development of transformational leadership: Looking to 1992 and beyond. European Journal of Industrial Training, 14, 21-27.
17. Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1991). The diffusion of transformational leadership in organizational settings. Turin, Italy: ISVOR-Fiat.
18. Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1993a). Transformational leadership and organizational structure. International Journal of Public Administration Quarterly, 17, 112-121.
19. Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1993b). Transformational leadership: A response to critiques. In M. M. Chemers & R. Ayman (Eds.), Leadership theory and research: Perspectives and directions (pp. 49-80). New York: Academic Press.
20. Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
21. Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1995). The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Palo Alto, CA: Mind Garden.
22. Bass, B. M., Avolio, B. J., & Goodheim, L. (1987). Biography and the assessment of transformational leadership at the world-class level. Journal of Management, 13, 7-19.
23. Bass, B. M., Burger, P. C., Doktor, R., & Barrett, G. (1979). Assessment of managers: An international comparison. New York: Free Press.
24. Bass, B., & Yokochi, N. (1991, Winter/Spring). Charisma among senior executives and the special case of Japanese CEO's. Consulting Psychology Bulletin, 1, 31-38.
25. Blake, R. R., & Mouton, J. S. (1964). The managerial grid. Houston, TX: Gulf.
26. Boyd, J. T., Jr. (1988). Leadership extraordinary: A cross national military perspective on transactional versus transformational leadership. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Nova University.
27. Bryman, A. (1992). Charisma and leadership in organizations. London: Sage.
28. Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper & Row.
29. Bycio, P., Hackett, R. D., & Allen, J. S. (1995). Further assessments of Bass's (1985) conceptualization of transactional and transformational leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 468-478.
30. Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1987). Toward a behavioral theory of charismatic leadership in organizational settings. Academy of Management Review, 12, 637-647.
31. Curphy, G. I. (1990). An empirical study of Bass's (1985) theory of transformational and transactional leadership. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Campus.
32. Davis, D. D. (1994, July). A test of Bass's model of transformational leadership in the Dominican Republic. Paper presented at the meeting of the International Congress of Applied Psychology, Madrid, Spain.
33. Davis, D. D., Guan, P. L., Luo, J. J., & Maahs, C. J. (1996). Need for continuous improvement, organizational citizenship, transformational leadership and service climate in a Chinese enterprise. Unpublished manuscript.
34. Den Hartog, D. N., Van Muijen, J., & Koopman, P. (1994, July). Transactional vs. transformational leadership. Paper presented at the meeting of the International Congress of Applied Psychology, Madrid, Spain.
35. Dorfman, P. W. (1994, April). Cross-cultural research: Issues and assumptions. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Nashville, TN.
36. Dorfman, P. W. (1996). International and cross-cultural leadership. In J. Punnitt & O. Shanker (Eds.), Handbook for international management research (pp. 267-349). Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
37. Dorfman, P. W., & Howell, J. P. (1988). Dimensions of national culture and effective leadership patterns. Advances in International Comparative Management, 3, 127-150.
38. Dorfman, P. W., & Ronen, S. (1991, August). The universality of leadership theories: Challenges and paradoxes. Paper presented at the meeting of the Academy of Management, Miami Beach, FL.
39. Druskat, V. U. (1994). Gender and leadership style: Transformational and transactional leadership in the Roman Catholic Church. Leadership Quarterly, 5, 99-119.
40. Earley, P. C. (1988, April). Contributions of intercultural research to the understanding of performance feedback. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Dallas, TX.
41. England, G. W. (1976). The manager and his values: An international perspective. Cambridge, MA: Balinger.
42. Fiedler, F. E. (1983). The contingency model - A reply to Ashour. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 9, 356-368.
43. Garcia, J. L. (1995). Transformational leadership processes and salesperson performance effectiveness. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Fielding Institute, Santa Barbara, CA.
44. Gaspar, S. (1992). Transformational leadership: An integrative review of the literature. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Western Michigan University.
45. Graen, G., & Uhl-Bien, M. (1991). The transformation of professionals into self-managing and partially self-designing contributors: Toward a theory of leadership making. Journal of Management Systems, X, 25-39.
46. Haire, M., Ghiselli, E., & Porter, L. (1966). Managerial thinking: An international study. New York: Wiley.
47. Hater, J. J., & Bass, B. M. (1988). Supervisors' evaluations and subordinates' perceptions of transformational and transactional leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73, 695-702.
48. Hersey, P., & Blanchard, K. H. (1969). Management of organizational behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
49. Hollander, E. P. (1986). On the central role of leadership processes. International Review of Applied Psychology, 35, 39-52.
50. House, R. J. (1971). A path - goal theory of leader effectiveness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 16, 321-338.
51. House, R. J. (1977). A 1976 theory of charismatic leadership. In J. G. Hunt & L. L. Larson (Eds.), Leadership: The cutting edge (pp. 199-272). Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
52. House, R. J. (1995). Leadership in the twenty-first century: A speculative inquiry. In A. Howard (Ed.), The changing nature of work (pp. 411-450). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
53. Howell, J. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1993). Transformational leadership, transactional leadership, locus of control, and support for innovation: Key predictors of consolidated business-unit performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 891-902.
54. Jung, D. I., Bass, B. M., & Sosik, J. (1995). Collectivism and transformational leadership. Journal of Management Inquiry, 2, 3-18.
55. Kennedy, D. A. (1994, July). Effective workplace leadership skills of an offshore first-line supervisor. Paper presented at the meeting of the International Congress of Applied Psychology, Madrid, Spain.
56. Kissinger, H. (1994). Diplomacy. New York: Random House.
57. Koh, W. (1990). An empirical validation of the theory of transformational leadership in secondary schools in Singapore. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Oregon, Concordia.
58. Kouzes, J. M., & Posner, B. Z. (1987). The leadership challenge: How to get extraordinary things done in organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
59. Levinson, H. (1980). Power, leadership, and the management of stress. Professional Psychology, 11, 497-508.
60. Lonner, W. J. (1980). The search for psychological universals. In H. C. Triandis & W. W. Lambert (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology (pp. 143-204). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
61. Lowe, K. B., Kroeck, K. G., & Sivasubramaniam, N. (1996). Effectiveness correlates of transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic review. Leadership Quarterly, 7, 385-391.
62. Maslow, A. H. (1954). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper.
63. Misumi, J. (1985). The behavioral science of leadership: An interdisciplinary research program. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
64. Molero Alonso, F. (1994). Carisma y liderazgo carismático: Una aproximacion empirica desde las perspectivas de Bass y Friedman [Charisma and leadership: An empirical bringing together of the perspectives of Bass and Friedman]. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia, Madrid, Spain.
65. Murdock, G. (1967). Ethnographic atlas. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
66. Offerman, L. R., Kennedy, J. K., & Wirtz, P. W. (1994). Implicit theories: Content, structure and generalizability. Leadership Quarterly, 5, 43-58.
67. Onnen, M. K. (1987). The relationship of clergy and leadership characteristics to growing or declining churches. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Louisville.
68. Patterson, C., Fuller, J. B., Kester, K., & Stringer, D. Y. (1995, May). A meta-analytic examination of leadership style and selected follower compliance outcomes. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Orlando, FL.
69. Pereira, D. (1986, July). Transactional and transformational leadership scores of executives in a large Indian engineering firm. Paper presented at the meeting of the International Congress of Applied Psychology, Jerusalem.
70. Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H., & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers' trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Leadership Quarterly, 1, 107-142.
71. Rose, R. (1995). Genes and human behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 46, 625-654.
72. Salter, D. J. (1989). Leadership styles in the United States Marine Corps transport helicopter squadrons. Unpublished master's thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA.
73. Sashkin, M. (1988). The visionary leader. In J. A. Conger & R. N. Kanungo (Eds.), Charismatic leadership: The elusive factor in organizational effectiveness (pp. 122-160). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
74. Schwarzkopf, N. A. (1994, July 21). Hitler and Stalin: Legacy of hate [Interview by C. Kuralt]. New York: CBS Television.
75. Shamir, B. (1991). Meaning, self and motivation in organizations. Organization Studies, 12, 405-424.
76. Shamir, B., House, R. J., & Arthur, M. B. (1993). The motivational effects of charismatic leadership: A self-concept based theory. Organization Science, 4, 577-594.
77. Singer, M. S., & Singer, A. E. (1990). Situational constraints on transformational versus transactional leadership behavior, subordinates' leadership preference, and satisfaction. Journal of Social Psychology, 130, 385-396.
78. Sinha, J. (1984). A model of effective leadership styles in India. International Studies of Management and Organization, 14, 86-98.
79. Smith, P. B., Misumi, J. J., Tayeb, M., Peterson, M., & Bond, M. (1989). On the generality of leadership style measures across cultures. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 62, 97-109.
80. Steyrer, J., & Mende, M. (1994, July). Transformational leadership: The local market success of Austrian branch bank managers and training applications. Paper presented at the meeting of the International Congress of Applied Psychology, Madrid, Spain.
81. Waldman, D., Bass, B. M., & Einstein, W. O. (1986). Effort, performance and transformational leadership in industrial and military settings (Working Paper 84-78). Binghamton: State University of New York.
82. Weathersby, R. (1993). Sri Lankan managers' leadership conceptualizations as a function of ego development. In J. Demick & P. M. Miller (Eds.), Development in the workplace (pp. 67-89). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
83. Williamson, O. E. (1975). Markets and hierarchies. New York: Free Press.
84. Yammarino, F. J., & Bass, B. M. (1990). Long-term forecasting of transformational leadership and its effects among naval officers: Some preliminary findings. In K. E. Clark & M. B. Clark (Eds.), Measure of leadership (pp. 151-169). West Orange, NJ: Leadership Library of America.
85. Yokochi, N. (1989). Leadership styles of Japanese business executives and managers: Transformational and transactional. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, United States International University, San Diego, CA.