Incremental formalization with the Hyper-Object Substrate

ACM Transactions on Information Systems

Volumn 17, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 199-227

  Shipman III, Frank M ^a   McCall, Raymond J ^b  

^a TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

Design; Formalization; H.5.2 Information Interfaces and Presentation : User Interfaces; H.5.4 Information Interfaces and Presentation : Hypertext Hypermedia; Human Factors; I.2.4 Artificial Intelligence : Knowledge Representation Formalisms and Methods

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000505605     PISSN: 10468188     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1145/306686.306690     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. AKSCYN, R. M., MCCRACKEN, D. L., AND YODER, E. A. 1988. KMS: A distributed hypermedia system for managing knowledge in organizations. Commun. ACM 31, 7 (July 1988), 820-835.
2. BERLIN, L. AND O'DAY, V. 1990. Platform and application issues in multi-user hypertext. In Multi-User Interfaces and Applications, S. Gibbs and A. Verrijn, Eds. North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 293-309.
3. BERNSTEIN, M. 1992. An Apprentice that discovers hypertext links. In Proceedings of the European Conference on Hypertext (ECHT '90). 212-223.
4. RAM, S. AND CARLSON, D. A. 1990. Hyperlntelligence: The next frontier. Commun. ACM 33, 3 (Mar. 1990), 311-321.
5. CHOMSKY, N. 1956. Three models for the description of language. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theor. 2, 3, 113-124.
6. CONKLIN, E. J. AND BURGESS YAKEMOVIC, K. C. 1991. A process-oriented approach to design rationale. Hum. Comp. Inter. 6, 3-4, 357-391.
7. EISENBERG, M. AND FISCHER, G. 1994. Programmable design environments: Integrating end-user programming with domain-oriented assistance. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems: "Celebrating Interdependence" (CHI '94, Boston, MA, Apr. 24-28), B. Adelson, S. Dumais, and J. Olson, Eds. ACM Press, New York, NY, 431-437.
8. FISCHER, G., GRUDIN, J., LEMKE, A., MCCALL, R., OSTWALD, J., REEVES, B., AND SHIPMAN, F. 1992. Supporting indirect, collaborative design with integrated knowledge-based design environments. Hum. Comput. Interact. 7, 3, 281-314.
9. FISCHER, G., LEMKE, A. C., MCCALL, R., AND MORCH, A. 1991. Making argumentation serve design. Hum. Comput. Interact. 6, 3-4, 393-419.
10. FISCHER, G., MCCALL, R., AND MORCH, A. 1989. JANUS: Integrating hypertext with a knowledge-based design environment. In Proceedings of the 2nd Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext '89 (Pittsburgh, PA, Nov. 5-9, 1989), R. Akscyn, Ed. ACM Press, New York, NY, 105-117.
11. FRAWLEY, W. J., PIATETSKY-SHAPIRO, G., AND MATHEUS, C. J. 1992. Knowledge discovery in databases: An overview. AI Mag. 13, 3 (Fall 1992), 57-70.
12. GIRGENSOHN, A. 1992. End-user modifiability in knowledge-based design environments. Ph.D. Dissertation. Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO.
13. GROSS, M. D. 1996. The Electronic cocktail napkin - Computer support for working with diagrams. Des. Stud. 17, 1, 53-69.
14. GRUDIN, J. 1994. Groupware and social dynamics: Eight challenges for developers. Commun. ACM 37, 1 (Jan. 1994), 92-105.
15. HAAKE, J., STREITZ, N., AND NEUWIRTH, C. 1994. Coexistence and transformation of informal and formal structures: Requirements for more flexible hypermedia systems. In Proceedings of the European Conference on Hypertext (ECHT '94). 1-12.
16. HALASZ, F. G. 1988. Reflections on NoteCards: Seven issues for the next generation of hypermedia systems. Commun. ACM 31, 7 (July 1988), 836-852.
17. HOFMANN, M., SCHREIWEIS, U., AND LANGENDÖRFER, H. 1992. An integrated approach of knowledge acquisition by the hypertext system CONCORDE. In Hypertext: Concepts, Systems and Applications, N. Streitz, A. Rizk, and J. André, Eds. Cambridge Series on Electronic Publishing. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, 166-179.
18. KAINDL, H. AND SNAPRUD, M. 1991. Hypertext and structured object representation: A unifying view. In Proceedings of the 3rd Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext '91 (San Antonio, TX, Dec. 15-18, 1991), J. J. Leggett, Ed. ACM Press, New York, NY, 345-358.
19. LETHBRIDGE, T. C. AND SKUCE, D. 1992. Informality in knowledge exchange. In Proceedings of the AAAI Workshop on Knowledge Representation Aspects of Knowledge Acquisition. AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA.
20. LIEBERMAN, H. 1986. Using prototypical objects to implement shared behavior in object-oriented systems. In OOPSLA '86. ACM Press, New York, NY, 214-223.
21. MALONE, T. W., LAI, K.-Y., AND FRY, C. 1992. Experiments with Oval: A radically tailorable tool for cooperative work. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW '92, Toronto, Canada, Oct. 31-Nov. 4), M. Mantel and R. Baecker, Eds. ACM Press, New York, NY, 289-297.
22. MARSHALL, C. C. AND ROGERS, R. A. 1992. Two years before the mist: Experiences with Aquanet. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext (ECHT '92, Milan, Italy, Nov. 30-Dec. 4, 1992), D. Lucarella, J. Nanard, M. Nanard, and P. Paolini, Eds. ACM Press, New York, NY, 53-62.
23. MARSHALL, C. C. AND SHIPMAN, F. M. 1993. Searching for the missing link: Discovering implicit structure in spatial hypertext. In Proceedings of the 5th ACM Conference on Hypertext (Seattle, WA, Nov. 14-18, 1993), S. E. Poltrock, Ed. ACM Press, New York, NY, 217-230.
24. MARSHALL, C. C., SHIPMAN, F. M., AND COOMBS, J. H. 1994. VIKI: Spatial hypertext supporting emergent structure. In Proceedings of the European Conference on Hypertext (ECHT '94). 13-23.
25. MCCALL, R., MISTRICK, I., AND SCHULER, W. 1991. An integrated information and communication system for problem solving: Basic concepts, data for science and technology. In Proceedings of the 7th International CODATA Conference. 107-115.
26. MCCALL, R., BENNETT, P., AND JOHNSON, E. 1994. An overview of the PHIDIAS II HyperCAD System, reconnecting. In Proceedings of ACADIA '94. 63-74.
27. MORAN, T. P., CHIU, P., VAN MELLE, W., AND KURTENBACH, G. 1995. Implicit structure for pen-based systems within a freeform interaction paradigm. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '95, Denver, CO, May 7-11), I. R. Katz, R. Mack, L. Marks, M. B. Rosson, and J. Nielsen, Eds. ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publ. Co., New York, NY, 487-494.
28. MUNDIE, D. A. AND SHULTIS, J. C., Eds. 1991. Proceedings of the Workshop on Informal Computing.
29. NANARD, J. AND NANARD, M. 1991. Using structured types to incorporate knowledge in hypertext. In Proceedings of the 3rd Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext '91 (San Antonio, TX, Dec. 15-18, 1991), J. J. Leggett, Ed. ACM Press, New York, NY, 329-343.
30. POLANYI, M. 1996. The Tacit Dimension. Doubleday, New York, NY.
31. REEVES, B. N. 1993. Supporting collaborative design by embedding communication and history in design artifacts. Ph.D. Dissertation. Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO.
32. REEVES, B. AND SHIPMAN, F. 1992. Supporting communication between designers with artifact-centered evolving information spaces. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW '92, Toronto, Canada, Oct. 31-Nov. 4), M. Mantel and R. Baecker, Eds. ACM Press, New York, NY, 394-401.
33. RITTEL, H. 1984. Second generation design methods. In Developments in Design Methodology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY, 317-327.
34. SAUND, E. AND MORAN, T. P. 1994. A perceptually-supported sketch editor. In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST '94, Marina del Rey, CA, Nov. 2-4), P. Szekely, Ed. ACM Press, New York, NY, 175-184.
35. SCHOEN, D. 1983. The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. Basic Books, Inc., New York, NY.
36. SCHWABE, D., FEIJÓ, B., AND KRAUSE, W. G. 1992. Intelligent hypertext for normative knowledge in engineering. In Hypertext: Concepts, Systems and Applications, N. Streitz, A. Rizk, and J. André, Eds. Cambridge Series on Electronic Publishing. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, 123-136.
37. SHIPMAN, F. M. 1993. Supporting knowledge-base evolution with incremental formalization. Ph.D. Dissertation. Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO.
38. SHIPMAN, F. M. AND MARSHALL, C. C. 1993. Formality considered harmful: Experiences, emerging themes, and directions. Tech. Rep. CU-CS-648-93. Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO.
39. SHIPMAN, F. M. AND MCCALL, R. 1994. Supporting knowledge-base evolution with incremental formalization. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems: "Celebrating Interdependence" (CHI '94, Boston, MA, Apr. 24-28), B. Adelson, S. Dumais, and J. Olson, Eds. ACM Press, New York, NY, 285-291.
40. SHIPMAN, F. M., CHANEY, R. J., AND GORRY, G. A. 1989. Distributed hypertext for collaborative research: The virtual notebook system. In Proceedings of the 2nd Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext '89 (Pittsburgh, PA, Nov. 5-9, 1989), R. Akscyn, Ed. ACM Press, New York, NY, 129-135.
41. SHIPMAN, F. M., MARSHALL, C. C., AND MORAN, T. P. 1995. Finding and using implicit structure in human-organized spatial layouts of information. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '95, Denver, CO, May 7-11), I. R. Katz, R. Mack, L. Marks, M. B. Rosson, and J. Nielsen, Eds. ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publ. Co., New York, NY, 346-353.
42. SUCHMAN, L. A. 1987. Plans and Situated Actions: The Problem of Human-Machine Communication. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY.
43. UNGAR, D. AND SMITH, R. B. 1987. Self: The power of simplicity. In Proceedings of the OOPSLA 1987 Conference. ACM, New York, 227-242.