Efficiency of uphill locomotion in nocturnal and diurnal lizards

Journal of Experimental Biology

Volumn 199, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 587-592

  Farley, C T ^a   Emshwiller, M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Biomechanics; Coleonyx variegatus; Energetics; Eumeces skiltonianus; Lizards; Locomotion; Muscle efficiency; Oxygen consumption

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000499864     PISSN: 00220949     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. ALEXANDER, R. McN. (1988). Elastic Mechanisms in Animal Movement. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2. ALEXANDER, R. McN. (1991). Energy-saving mechanisms in walking and running. J. exp. Biol. 160, 55-69.
3. ARMSTRONG, R. B., LAUGHLIN, M. H., ROME, L. AND TAYLOR, C. R. (1983). Metabolism of rats running up and down an incline. J. appl. Physiol. 55, 518-521.
4. AUTUMN, K. AND PARLEY, C. (1992). Yet another gecko with a low cost of transport - Is this a general pattern? Am. Zool. 32, 32A.
5. AUTUMN, K., WEINSTEIN, R. B. AND FULL, R. J. (1994). Low cost of locomotion increases performance at low temperature in a nocturnal lizard. Physiol. Zool. 67, 238-262.
6. BARCLAY, C. J. (1994). Efficiency of fast- and slow-twitch muscles of the mouse performing cyclic contractions. J. exp. Biol. 193, 65-78.
7. BARCLAY, C. J., CONSTABLE, J. K. AND GIBBS, C. L. (1993). Energetics of mouse fast- and slow-twitch muscle. J. Physiol., Lond. 472, 61-80.
8. BENNETT, A. F. (1982). The energetics of reptilian activity. In Biology of the Reptilia, vol. 12 (ed. C. Gans and F. H. Pough), pp. 155-199. London: Academic Press.
9. BENNETT, A. F. AND JOHN-ALDER, H. B. (1984). The effect of body temperature on the locomotory energetics of lizards. J. comp. Physiol. B 155, 21-27.
10. BIEWENER, A. A. (1990). Biomechanics of mammalian terrestrial locomotion. Science 250, 1017-1103.
11. BRATTSTROM, B. H. (1965). Body temperatures of reptiles. Am. Midl. Nat. 73, 376-422.
12. CAVAGNA, G. A., HEGLUND, N. C. AND TAYLOR, C. R. (1977). Mechanical work in terrestrial locomotion: two basic mechanisms for minimizing energy expenditure. Am. J. Physiol. 233, R243-R261.
13. CAVAGNA, G. A. AND MARGARIA, R. (1966). Mechanics of walking. J. appl. Physiol. 21, 271-278.
14. CAVAGNA, G. A., SAIBENE, F. P. AND MARGARIA, R. (1963). External work in walking. J. appl. Physiol. 18, 1-9.
15. COHEN, Y., ROBBINS, C. T. AND DAVITT, B. B. (1978). Oxygen utilization by elk calves during horizontal and vertical locomotion compared to other species. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 64A, 43-48.
16. CUNNINGHAM, J. B. (1966) Additional observations on the body temperatures of reptiles. Herpetologica 22, 184-189.
17. CURTIN, N. A. AND WOLEDGE, R. C. (1991). Efficiency of energy conversion during shortening of muscle fibres from the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula. J. exp. Biol. 158, 343-353.
18. CURTIN, N. A. AND WOLEDGE, R. C. (1993a). Efficiency of energy conversion during sinusoidal movement of white muscle fibres from the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula. J. exp. Biol. 183, 137-147.
19. CURTIN, N. A. AND WOLEDGE, R. C. (1993b). Efficiency of energy conversion during sinusoidal movement of red muscle fibres from the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula. J. exp. Biol. 185, 195-206.
20. DE HAAN, A., VAN INGEN SCHENAU, G. J., ETTEMA, G. J., HUIJING, P. A. AND LODDER, M. A. N. (1989). Efficiency of rat medial gastrocnemius muscle in contractions with and without an active prestretch. J. exp. Biol. 141, 327-341.
21. DONOVAN, C. M. AND BROOKS, G. A. (1977). Muscular efficiency during steady-rate exercise. II. Effects of walking speed and work rate. J. appl. Physiol. 43, 431-439.
22. PARLEY, C. T. AND MCMAHON, T. A. (1992). The energetics of walking and running: insights from simulated reduced gravity experiments. J. appl. Physiol. 73, 2709-2712.
23. FULL, R. J. AND TULLIS, A. (1990). Energetics of ascent: insects on inclines. J. exp. Biol. 149, 307-317.
24. GIBBS, C. L. AND GIBSON, W. R. (1976). Energy production of rat soleus muscle. Am. J. Physiol. 223, C22-C29.
25. HERREID, C. F., FULL, R. J. AND PRAWEL, D. A. (1981). Energetics of cockroach locomotion. J. exp. Biol. 94, 189-202.
26. HEGLUND, N. C. AND CAVAGNA, G. A. (1987). Mechanical work, oxygen consumption and efficiency in isolated frog and rat muscle. Am. J. Physiol. 253, C22-C29.
27. HILL, A. V. (1939). The mechanical efficiency of frog muscle. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 127, 434-451.
28. JOSEPHSON, R. K. AND STEVENSON, R. D. (1991). The efficiency of a flight muscle from the locust Schistocerca americana. J. Physiol., Lond 442, 413-429.
29. Ko, T. C. AND PARLEY, C. T. (1992). The rolling egg mechanism in walking lizards. Am. Zool. 32, 38A.
30. KRAM, R. AND TAYLOR, C. R. (1990). The energetics of running: a new perspective. Nature 346, 265-267.
31. MARGARIA, R. (1976). Biomechanics and Energetics of Muscular Exercise. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
32. RAAB, J. L., ENG, P. AND WASCHLER, R. A. (1976). Metabolic cost of grade running in dogs. J. appl. Physiol. 41, 532-535.
33. TAYLOR, C. R., CALDWELL, S. L. AND ROWNTREE, V. J. (1972). Running up and down hills: some consequences of size. Science 178, 1096-1097.
34. WARNCKE, G., BANDHOLTZ, J. AND SCHULTZE-MOTEL, P (1988). Metabolic cost and body temperature of grade running in quail (Coturnix coturnix). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 89A, 93-96.
35. WOLEDGE, R. C. (1968). The energetics of tortoise muscle. J. Physiol., Lond. 197, 685-707.
36. WOLEDGE, R. C. (1989). Energy transformation in living muscle. In Energy Transformations in Cells and Organisms (ed. W. Wieser and E. Gnaiger), pp. 36-45. Stuttgart: Thieme.
37. WUNDER, B. A. AND MORRISON, P. R. (1974). Red squirrel metabolism during incline running. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 48A, 153-161.