Third-person effects of news coverage: Orientations toward media

Journalism and Mass Communication Quaterly

Volumn 74, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 525-540

  Price, Vincent ^b   Huang, Li Ning ^b   Tewksbury, David ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000492708     PISSN: 10776990     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/107769909707400307     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. W. Phillips Davison, "The Third-Person Effect in Communication," Public Opinion Quarterly 47 (spring 1983): 1-15.
2. Gladys Engel Lang and Kurt Lang, The Battle for Public Opinion: The President, the Press, and the Polls during Watergate (NY: Columbia University Press, 1983).
3. Jeremy Cohen, Diana Mutz, Vincent Price, and Albert Gunther, "Perceived Impact of Defamation: An Experiment on Third-Person Effects" in Public Opinion Quarterly 52 (summer 1988): 161-73. But see also Albert C. Gunther, "What We Think Others Think: Cause and Consequence in the Third-Person Effect," Communication Research 18 (June 1991): 355-72.
4. Jeremy Cohen, Diana Mutz, Vincent Price, and Albert Gunther, "Perceived Impact of Defamation: An Experiment on Third-Person Effects" in Public Opinion Quarterly 52 (summer 1988): 161-73. But see also Albert C. Gunther, "What We Think Others Think: Cause and Consequence in the Third-Person Effect," Communication Research 18 (June 1991): 355-72.
5. Richard M. Perloff, "Third-Person Effect Research, 1983-1992: A Review and Synthesis," International Journal of Public Opinion Research 5 (spring 1993): 167-84.
6. Dianne Rucinski and Charles T. Salmon, "The 'Other' as the Vulnerable Voter: A Study of the Third-Person Effect in the 1988 U. S. Presidential Campaign," International Journal of Public Opinion Research 2 (winter 1990): 345-68; Jeremy Cohen and Robert G. Davis, "Third-Person Effects and the Differential Impact in Negative Political Advertising," Journalism Quarterly 68 (winter 1991): 680-98; Albert C. Gunther and Esther Thorson, "Perceived Persuasive Effects of Product Commercials and Public Service Announcements: Third-Person Effect in New Domains," Communication Research 19 (October 1992): 574-96.
7. Dianne Rucinski and Charles T. Salmon, "The 'Other' as the Vulnerable Voter: A Study of the Third-Person Effect in the 1988 U. S. Presidential Campaign," International Journal of Public Opinion Research 2 (winter 1990): 345-68; Jeremy Cohen and Robert G. Davis, "Third-Person Effects and the Differential Impact in Negative Political Advertising," Journalism Quarterly 68 (winter 1991): 680-98; Albert C. Gunther and Esther Thorson, "Perceived Persuasive Effects of Product Commercials and Public Service Announcements: Third-Person Effect in New Domains," Communication Research 19 (October 1992): 574-96.
8. Dianne Rucinski and Charles T. Salmon, "The 'Other' as the Vulnerable Voter: A Study of the Third-Person Effect in the 1988 U. S. Presidential Campaign," International Journal of Public Opinion Research 2 (winter 1990): 345-68; Jeremy Cohen and Robert G. Davis, "Third-Person Effects and the Differential Impact in Negative Political Advertising," Journalism Quarterly 68 (winter 1991): 680-98; Albert C. Gunther and Esther Thorson, "Perceived Persuasive Effects of Product Commercials and Public Service Announcements: Third-Person Effect in New Domains," Communication Research 19 (October 1992): 574-96.
9. Cohen et al., "Perceived Impact of Defamation."
10. Diana C. Mutz, "The Influence of Perceptions of Media Influence: Third-person Effects and the Public Expression of Opinions," International Journal of Public Opinion Research 1 (spring 1989): 3-23; Richard M. Perloff, "Ego Involvement and the Third-Person Effect of Televised News Coverage," Communication Research 16 (April 1989): 236-62; Gunther, "What We Think Others Think."
11. Diana C. Mutz, "The Influence of Perceptions of Media Influence: Third-person Effects and the Public Expression of Opinions," International Journal of Public Opinion Research 1 (spring 1989): 3-23; Richard M. Perloff, "Ego Involvement and the Third-Person Effect of Televised News Coverage," Communication Research 16 (April 1989): 236-62; Gunther, "What We Think Others Think."
12. Diana C. Mutz, "The Influence of Perceptions of Media Influence: Third-person Effects and the Public Expression of Opinions," International Journal of Public Opinion Research 1 (spring 1989): 3-23; Richard M. Perloff, "Ego Involvement and the Third-Person Effect of Televised News Coverage," Communication Research 16 (April 1989): 236-62; Gunther, "What We Think Others Think."
13. John M. Innes and Howard Zeitz, "The Public's View of the Impact of the Mass Media: A Test of the 'Third-Person' Effect," European Journal of Social Psychology 18 (October-November 1988): 457-63; Albert C. Gunther, "Over-rating the X-Rating: The Third-Person Perception and Support for Censorship of Pornography," Journal of Communication 45 (winter 1995): 21-39.
14. John M. Innes and Howard Zeitz, "The Public's View of the Impact of the Mass Media: A Test of the 'Third-Person' Effect," European Journal of Social Psychology 18 (October-November 1988): 457-63; Albert C. Gunther, "Over-rating the X-Rating: The Third-Person Perception and Support for Censorship of Pornography," Journal of Communication 45 (winter 1995): 21-39.
15. Dominic L. Lasorsa, "Real and Perceived Effects of 'Amerika,'" Journalism Quarterly 66 (summer 1989): 373-78, 529.
16. Davison, "The Third-Person Effect"; Ruscinski and Salmon, "The 'Other' as the Vulnerable Voter"; Cohen and Davis, "Third-Person Effects and the Differential Impact."
17. Albert C. Gunther and Paul Mundy, "Biased Optimism and the Third-Person Effect," Journalism Quarterly 70 (spring 1993): 58-67.
18. Gunther and Thorson, "Perceived Persuasive Effects."
19. Cohen et al., "Perceived Impact of Defamation."
20. Perloff, "Third-Person Effect Research," 173.
21. Robert P. Vallone, Lee Ross, and Mark R. Lepper, "The Hostile Media Phenomenon: Biased Perceptions and Perceptions of Media Bias in Coverage of the Beirut Massacre," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 49 (September 1985): 577-88.
22. Perloff, "Ego Involvement."
23. Mutz, "The Influence of Perceptions."
24. James T. Tiedge, Arthur Silverblatt, Michael J. Havice, and Richard Rosenfeld, "Discrepancy between Perceived First-person and Perceived Third-Person Mass Media Effects," Journalism Quarterly 68 (spring/ summer 1991): 141-54; Lasorsa, "Real and Perceived Effects of 'Amerika.'"
25. James T. Tiedge, Arthur Silverblatt, Michael J. Havice, and Richard Rosenfeld, "Discrepancy between Perceived First-person and Perceived Third-Person Mass Media Effects," Journalism Quarterly 68 (spring/ summer 1991): 141-54; Lasorsa, "Real and Perceived Effects of 'Amerika.'"
26. Vincent Price and David Tewksbury, "News Values and Public Opinion: A Theoretical Account of Media Priming and Framing," in Progress in the Communication Sciences, ed. George Barnett and Franklin J. Boster (Greenwich, CT: Ablex, 1997).
27. Gunther, "What We Think Others Think"; Lasorsa, "Real and Perceived Effects of 'Amerika.'"
28. Gunther, "What We Think Others Think"; Lasorsa, "Real and Perceived Effects of 'Amerika.'"
29. Cohen et al., "Perceived Impact of Defamation."
30. Perloff, "Third-Person Effect Research."
31. Gunther and Thorson, "Perceived Persuasive Effects"; Gunther and Mundy, "Biased Optimism."
32. Gunther and Thorson, "Perceived Persuasive Effects"; Gunther and Mundy, "Biased Optimism."
33. Gunther, "Overrating the X-Rating."
34. Perloff, "Third-Person Effect Research," 177.
35. Jack McLeod, Gerald Kosicki, David L. Amor, Scott G. Allen, and David M. Philps, "Images of Mass Media News: What are They and Does It Matter?" (paper presented at the annual meeting of AEJMC, Norman, OK, August 1986); Eric Fredin and Gerald M. Kosicki, "Cognitions and Attitudes about Community: Compensating for Media Images," Journalism Quarterly 66 (autumn 1989): 571-78; Gerald M. Kosicki, Lee Becker, and Eric S. Fredin, "Buses and Ballots: The Role of Media Images in a Local Election," Journalism Quarterly 71 (spring 1994): 76-89; Eric Fredin, Teresa Hau gen Monnett, and Gerald M. Kosicki, "Knowledge Gaps, Social Locators, and Media Schemata: Gaps, Reverse Gaps, and Gaps of Diffusion," Journalism Quarterly 71 (spring 1994): 176-90.
36. Jack McLeod, Gerald Kosicki, David L. Amor, Scott G. Allen, and David M. Philps, "Images of Mass Media News: What are They and Does It Matter?" (paper presented at the annual meeting of AEJMC, Norman, OK, August 1986); Eric Fredin and Gerald M. Kosicki, "Cognitions and Attitudes about Community: Compensating for Media Images," Journalism Quarterly 66 (autumn 1989): 571-78; Gerald M. Kosicki, Lee Becker, and Eric S. Fredin, "Buses and Ballots: The Role of Media Images in a Local Election," Journalism Quarterly 71 (spring 1994): 76-89; Eric Fredin, Teresa Hau gen Monnett, and Gerald M. Kosicki, "Knowledge Gaps, Social Locators, and Media Schemata: Gaps, Reverse Gaps, and Gaps of Diffusion," Journalism Quarterly 71 (spring 1994): 176-90.
37. Jack McLeod, Gerald Kosicki, David L. Amor, Scott G. Allen, and David M. Philps, "Images of Mass Media News: What are They and Does It Matter?" (paper presented at the annual meeting of AEJMC, Norman, OK, August 1986); Eric Fredin and Gerald M. Kosicki, "Cognitions and Attitudes about Community: Compensating for Media Images," Journalism Quarterly 66 (autumn 1989): 571-78; Gerald M. Kosicki, Lee Becker, and Eric S. Fredin, "Buses and Ballots: The Role of Media Images in a Local Election," Journalism Quarterly 71 (spring 1994): 76-89; Eric Fredin, Teresa Hau gen Monnett, and Gerald M. Kosicki, "Knowledge Gaps, Social Locators, and Media Schemata: Gaps, Reverse Gaps, and Gaps of Diffusion," Journalism Quarterly 71 (spring 1994): 176-90.
38. Jack McLeod, Gerald Kosicki, David L. Amor, Scott G. Allen, and David M. Philps, "Images of Mass Media News: What are They and Does It Matter?" (paper presented at the annual meeting of AEJMC, Norman, OK, August 1986); Eric Fredin and Gerald M. Kosicki, "Cognitions and Attitudes about Community: Compensating for Media Images," Journalism Quarterly 66 (autumn 1989): 571-78; Gerald M. Kosicki, Lee Becker, and Eric S. Fredin, "Buses and Ballots: The Role of Media Images in a Local Election," Journalism Quarterly 71 (spring 1994): 76-89; Eric Fredin, Teresa Hau gen Monnett, and Gerald M. Kosicki, "Knowledge Gaps, Social Locators, and Media Schemata: Gaps, Reverse Gaps, and Gaps of Diffusion," Journalism Quarterly 71 (spring 1994): 176-90.
39. Fredin, Monnett, and Kosicki, "Knowledge Gaps, Social Locators, and Media Schemata."
40. Kosicki, Becker, and Fredin, "Buses and Ballots."
41. Fredin and Kosicki, "Cognitions and Attitudes about Community."
42. Fredin, Monnett, and Kosicki, "Knowledge Gaps, Social Locators, and Media Schemata."
43. Kosicki, Becker, and Fredin, "Buses and Ballots."
44. Jack McLeod and Lee Becker, "Testing the Validity of Gratification Measures through Political Effects Analysis," in The Uses of Mass Communication, ed. Jay G. Blumler and Elihu Katz (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1974); Mark Levy, "Opinion Leadership and Television News Uses," Public Opinion Quarterly 42 (autumn 1978): 402-406; Lawrence Wenner, "Political News on Television: A Reconsideration of Audience Orientations," Western Journal of Speech Communication 47 (fall 1983): 380-95.
45. Jack McLeod and Lee Becker, "Testing the Validity of Gratification Measures through Political Effects Analysis," in The Uses of Mass Communication, ed. Jay G. Blumler and Elihu Katz (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1974); Mark Levy, "Opinion Leadership and Television News Uses," Public Opinion Quarterly 42 (autumn 1978): 402-406; Lawrence Wenner, "Political News on Television: A Reconsideration of Audience Orientations," Western Journal of Speech Communication 47 (fall 1983): 380-95.
46. Jack McLeod and Lee Becker, "Testing the Validity of Gratification Measures through Political Effects Analysis," in The Uses of Mass Communication, ed. Jay G. Blumler and Elihu Katz (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1974); Mark Levy, "Opinion Leadership and Television News Uses," Public Opinion Quarterly 42 (autumn 1978): 402-406; Lawrence Wenner, "Political News on Television: A Reconsideration of Audience Orientations," Western Journal of Speech Communication 47 (fall 1983): 380-95.
47. Jack McLeod, Lee Becker, and James E. Byrnes, "Another Look at the Agenda-setting Function of the Press," Communication Research 1 (April 1974): 131-66.
48. Elihu Katz, Jay G. Blumler, and Michael Gurevitch, "Utilization of Mass Communication by the Individual," in The Uses of Mass Communication, ed. Blumler and Katz.
49. Perloff, "Third-Person Effect Research."
50. Vincent Price, Li-Ning Huang, and David Tewksbury, "Third-Person Effects of News: The Role of Orientations to the News Media" (paper presented to the annual conference of the Midwest Association for Public Opinion Research, Chicago, IL, November 1995).
51. Kosicki, Becker, and Fredin, "Buses and Ballots."
52. Price, Huang, and Tewksbury, "Third-Person Effects of News."
53. Gunther and Thorson, "Perceived Persuasive Effects"; Gunther and Mundy, "Biased Optimism"; Perloff, "Third-Person Effect Research."
54. Gunther and Thorson, "Perceived Persuasive Effects"; Gunther and Mundy, "Biased Optimism"; Perloff, "Third-Person Effect Research."
55. Gunther and Thorson, "Perceived Persuasive Effects"; Gunther and Mundy, "Biased Optimism"; Perloff, "Third-Person Effect Research."
56. John C. Turner, Rediscovering the Social Group: A Self-Categorization Theory (Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell Ltd., 1987).
57. Davison, "The Third-Person Effect."
58. Vincent Price and David Tewksbury, "The Roles of Question Order, Contrast, and Knowledge in the 'Third-Person Effect,'" International Journal of Public Opinion Research 8 (summer 1996): 120-41.
59. Herbert McClosky, "Consensus and Ideology in American Politics," American Political Science Review 58 (June 1964): 361-82; Charles W. Roll and Albert H. Cantril, Polls; Their UseandMisuse in Politics (NY: Basic Books, 1972).
60. Herbert McClosky, "Consensus and Ideology in American Politics," American Political Science Review 58 (June 1964): 361-82; Charles W. Roll and Albert H. Cantril, Polls; Their UseandMisuse in Politics (NY: Basic Books, 1972).
61. James W. Prothro and Charles M. Grigg, "Fundamental Principles of Democracy: Bases of Agreement and Disagreement," Journal of Politics 22 (May 1960): 276-94.
62. Howard Schuman and Michael P. Johnson, "Attitudes and Behavior," Annual Review of Sociology 2 (1976): 161-207; Robert B. Cialdini, Richard E. Petty, and John T. Cacioppo, "Attitudes and Attitude Change," Annual Review of Psychology 32 (1981): 357-404.
63. Howard Schuman and Michael P. Johnson, "Attitudes and Behavior," Annual Review of Sociology 2 (1976): 161-207; Robert B. Cialdini, Richard E. Petty, and John T. Cacioppo, "Attitudes and Attitude Change," Annual Review of Psychology 32 (1981): 357-404.
64. Gunther and Mundy, "Biased Optimism."
65. Perloff, "Third-Person Effect Research."
66. Three news scenarios were examined in the pilot study: News about President Bill Clinton's policy "flip-flops," murder charges against former professional athlete O. J. Simpson, and a fictitious news story about charges of election fraud lodged against a national teachers' union. See Price, Huang, and Tewksbury, "Third-Person Effects of News."
67. Perloff, "Ego Involvement."
68. Cohen and Davis, "Third-Person Effects and the Differential Impact."